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1. AREA-BASED INTERVENTIONSCOMMON ACTIVITIES: Carry out intention surveys, taking intoaccount the related risks for IDPs who do notwant to return to an area. Provide accurate and adequate informationto allow each displaced person to makeinformed decision-making. Undertake a conflict risk profile on rootcauses and risk analysis with Do No Harmcomponents to reduce risks that interventionsfuel tension in the community. Develop community profiles to betterunderstand the situation, needs, and potentialsof displacement-affected communities. Bring displacement-affected communitiestogether to carry out gender/age/diversitybalanced community-based planning and buildsocial cohesion. Consider “quick win” conflict sensitiveinterventions that are effective and efficientsuch as using food/multi-purpose cashincentives to bring communities togetherto mitigate tensions due to limited naturalresources, as well as early investments inlivelihoods and in health. Support community-based rehabilitationor construction of permanent shelters byproviding building materials and technicalsupport, using preferably IDP manpower inthese efforts.6DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE Support rehabilitation, expansion orconstruction of basic services and infrastructure,include incentivizing the use of these services(e.g. school meals to encourage attendance). Ensure financial access of IDPs/returnees tohealth and other social services (free ). Ensure the centrality of protection in allactions, including paying particular attention tothe risks of gender-based violence as well as theneeds of survivors. Support activities that strengthen socialcohesion, such as the creation of youth orwomen’s groups. Ensure that activities bring in the relevantline Bureaus as early as possible to ensure awhole-of-government approach and establishaccountability frameworks. Provide the displaced with assistance torestore personal identification and housing, landand property-related documentation. Establish strong monitoring and evaluationmechanisms to assess the sustainability of thereturns, relocations and local integration.

1.1TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Facilitating sustainable local integration in areas where IDPsare currently displacedLOCATION-SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES: Conduct spatial planning for expansion ofexisting urban or rural settlements, includingfor expansion of water, sanitation and hygiene(WASH), health, education and other socialservices. Provide land to IDPs for housing andlivelihoods ensuring adequate housing andland rights, including for female-headedhouseholds and minority groups and othermarginalized groups. Support informal settlement upgrading andregularization in urban areas where IDPs havesettled in informal areas. Re-enroll children in school to facilitate localintegration. Support host communities whose resourcesand resilience have been due to IDP presence. Support job creation in all ways possibleincluding through construction of incrementalhousing, key infrastructure investments andincentives that attract formal business andindustries. Support skills development to facilitate jobplacements for IDPs.DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE7

1. AREA-BASED INTERVENTIONS1.28TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Facilitating safe, voluntaryand sustainable return1.3TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Facilitating sustainablerelocationLOCATION-SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES:LOCATION-SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES: Support go-and-see visits for IDP elders,women, men, children and youth in areas ofplanned return. Conduct training and awareness forgovernment officials and service providersfocused on conflict sensitive approaches toplanning and execution of public service andinfrastructure projects. Establish and run (temporary) medicalscreening centers. Prior to departure, returneesare assessed/advised on risks (i.e. pregnancy),existing health conditions are managed andcontinuation of treatments is ensured (i.e.chronic diseases such as tuberculosis). Develop community-driven programmesthat cover and link up communities on bothsides of regional borders. Strengthen/support the capacity of locallevel conflict resolution mechanisms andfacilitating/supporting reconciliation activities(e.g. “sports for peace” and cultural activities). Provide training and support for men,women, children and youth aimed at creatinga conducive environment for co-existence(e.g. creation of a youth or women groupsthat receive small resources to carry out jointactivities, including activities with a healthfocus). Where relevant, facilitate restitution ofland and other property and addressingother challenges related to housing, land andproperty (HLP) rights as well as facilitate accessto justice for crimes committed during conflict. Support go-and-see visits for IDP elders,women, men, children and youth in areas ofplanned relocation. Conduct spatial planning regarding housing,infrastructure and livelihood activities as wellas WASH, social, and education services tointegrate relocated communities. Provide land to relocated communities forhousing and livelihoods ensuring adequatehousing and land rights, including for femaleheaded and child-headed households. Support job creation through keyinfrastructure investments and incentives thatattract agro-processing and other forms of lightindustrial development and (re) establishmentof health and educational services. Implement appropriate mental healthservices (i.e. community healing dialogues)and if possible, link these with job creationprogrammes. Provide information on availability andaccessibility of services to the affectedpopulation.DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE

2. FINDING INDIVIDUALIZED SOLUTIONS2.12.22.3TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Provision of start-up capitalKEY ACTIVITIES:ELEMENTS: Provide persons with necessary capital torestore livelihoods of their own choosing. Invest in skills and training to supportsustainable livelihoods. Grant seed money (cash grants) for small andmedium size enterprise development with aprinciple focus on vulnerable IDP groups suchas women and youth. Provide micro-credits for traders, farmersand other business people and support reformsto remove legal and institutional obstacles toaccess such financing (e.g. by provision of creditguarantee for micro-credit institutions). Support the creation of saving associationsfor male and female traders to facilitate accessto credits to establish small scale businesses.TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Social protection benefitsKEY ACTIVITY:ELEMENTS: Ensure that IDPs can be Productive SafetyNet Programmes (PSNP) clients in any locationto receive their entitlements. Support efforts to improve targeting based onvulnerability for long term displaced/returnees. Provide information, counselling andlegal assistance to IDPs living in protracteddisplacement on social protection programmes. Support obtention of digitalized identificationfor IDPs to access health services, obtaininsurance and financial exemption schemes.TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Access to adequate affordable housingKEY ACTIVITY:ELEMENTS: Ensure that IDPs have access to adequatehousing. Provide material support where needed forrural and urban housing, through incrementalhousing and self-build schemes. Facilitate micro-credit for incrementally builthousing in urban areas. Scale up housing provision in urban areasthrough public-private land developmentapproaches, based on land value capturemechanisms .DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE9

3. MAINSTREAMING SOLUTIONS3.110TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Integration of displacement affected communities intodevelopment programmes and projects including on climatechange adaptable and mitigationKEY ACTIVITY:ELEMENTS: Systematic use of a solutions marker4for development programming whosemain purpose is not displacement-specific. Development actors include displacement relateddata into their analysis and assessments. Development actors include climate change/environmentally induced displacement related datainto their analysis and assessments. Development actors systematically ask themselves:Is the programme/project targeting areas andlocations, where IDPs and returnees live? If yes:How can internal displacement issues be included?5How development programs ‘does no harm’ to thedisplacement affected populations? Development plans of the GoE at all levels(regions, zone, woreda, kebele) and associatedbudget allocations, as well as sector Bureauxprogramming and budgeting systematically take intoaccount the specific needs of displacement-affectedcommunities. The IASC Durable Solutions Indicators areintegrated into project design, data collection andanalysis, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E).DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE

3.2TYPE OF INTERVENTION:Integration of a solutions perspective into humanitarian actionKEY ACTIVITY:ELEMENTS: Systematic use of a resilience marker6 forhumanitarian programming in protracteddisplacement situations. Humanitarian actors ask themselves and askcommunities: Is the specific situation sufficiently safeand stable to help internally displaced household andcommunities making steps towards self-sufficiency?Is a sustainability/ handover component built intothe project? Is the project linked to government/community systems (e.g. in the areas of education,health, water), or to longer-term interventions?What are the associated resources both human andfinancially? Will the entitlements of target populationsto services/utilities be legally recognized?7“Solutions marker” refers to tools to assess whether a development programme or project whose main purpose is not displacementspecific is designed to include displacement affected communities rather than leaving them behind.5E.g. local government programmes/projects providing, e.g. (i) capacity building for LGs on displacement matters; (ii) supporting reformsthat ensure fiscal transfers and budget allocations to sub-national / local levels on the basis of the de-facto population rather than theregistered one.6“Resilience marker” refers to tools to assess whether a humanitarian programme or project would only have short-term life-savingeffects or whether it is designed to contribute to strengthening the resilience of IDPs at household and community levels and thuscontributes to their longer-term efforts to rebuild their lives.7OCHA, Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan 2019. Examples of humanitarian action with a resilience component would include theuse of school vouchers for public schools allowing authorities to hire additional teachers rather than short-term NGO-run schools; orthe provision of types of transitional shelter that can be transformed by occupants into durable housing at a later stage of recovery.4DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE11

DURABLE SOLUTIONSPROGRAMMINGThe Durable Solutions Initiative will be governedby the following principles8:Rights- andNeeds-BasedGovernment-ledInterventions are guided by the needs, rights, legitimate interests,resources and capacities of displacement-affected communities.They respect the individual right of internally displaced persons tomake an informed and voluntary decision on what durable solutionto pursue and facilitate safe, unimpeded and timely access tosupport and information. Interventions aim at enabling internallydisplaced persons to fully enjoy all their economic, legal, sociocultural and civil-political rights without any discrimination forreasons related to their displacement. The respect of humanitarianprinciples should be also at the core of any durable solutions action,ensuring the Do No Harm principle with a protection centeredapproach. In order to be sustainable, pre-conditions to durablesolutions must be met, related to safety and security of the IDPsin the place of return/relocation/local integration, sufficient peaceand reconciliation progress, adequate justice and accountability.Interventions support the GoE in exercising its responsibilityfor facilitating durable solutions for displacement-affectedcommunities, leading and coordinating across sectors and all tiersof government based on national development plans and otherrelevant government frameworks. Interventions support national,federal and local government offices in planning, coordinating,delivering and monitoring services and programmes.These principles were developed by Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS) and the UN Somalia in 2019 and are alsoconsidered to be appropriate for the Ethiopian context.812DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE

Participatory andCommunity-BasedInterventions enable displacement-affected communities, includingIDPs, returnees, and host communities/communities of return,relocation to actively participate in the selection, planning,implementation and monitoring of activities. Interventions helpcommunities define their own priorities and facilitate reconciliationand social cohesion among its members through inclusive processes.Area-basedInterventions target ‘displacement-affected communities’, includingIDPs, returnees, and those relocated or locally integrated, hostpopulations and communities of origin, in a defined area andrespond to the specific living conditions, risks and opportunities ofthe local context. Partners working in the same area aim at achievingcoherence and greater impact through joint analysis, planning andcoordination and through the creation of referral pathways.Recognition of unmet humanitarianneedsThe DSI recognizes the need for independent and impartialhumanitarian aid. The DSI does not seek to lead or integratehumanitarian assistance for IDPs but rather work in complementarity.Attention and funds to address both durable solutions andhumanitarian needs to be balanced. Any development assistanceshould be accompanied by the gradual reduction of humanitarianassistance, in a carefully managed and principled way.Collective andComprehensiveInterventions do not need to address all aspects of durablesolutions but should contribute to a long-term and comprehensiveapproach to internal displacement across sectors by humanitarian,development, human rights and peace/state-building actors.Partners work towards collective outcomes jointly pursued bygovernment and non-governmental actors, including civil society,affected individuals themselves, the private sector, research/academia and the international community.DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE13

DURABLE SOLUTIONSPROGRAMMINGSensitive toSocial Inequalitiescaused by Sex, Age,Disabilities andMarginalizationInterventions give special attention to the specific concerns andperspectives of women through direct representation, children,youth, persons with disabilities, older persons and marginalizedgroups and take into consideration mechanisms of exclusionthat present barriers for accessing rights, services and equalopportunities in a non-discriminatory manner.Interventions facilitate locally-led solutions by the government,civil society/affected communities, the private sector andcommunities themselves. They strengthen the GoE’s rolethrough systematic capacity development to support institutionalprocesses and frameworks enabling durable solutions at all levels.SustainableInterventions prioritize full recognition of IDPs’ rights as citizensor habitual residents of their country, and as such seek to ensureaccess to existing government and community structures ratherthan establishing displacement-specific services structures.Interventions are conflict sensitive and contribute to sustainablepeacebuilding and development by respecting and going beyondDo No Harm. Interventions are based on long-term planning,multi-year time frames and budgets and can respond to changingdynamics through flexible and adaptive programming.14DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE

WHO IS INVOLVED?The Durable Solutions Initiative is a new way ofworking and a joint endeavor by the Governmentof Ethiopia, the United Nations, international andnational NGOs and donors to provide a platformbringing together relevant actors engaged insupporting durable solutions.The DSI-Ethiopia will benefit from the supportof Professor Walter Kaelin, Special Advisor onDisplacement to the UN Resident Coordinator andHumanitarian Coordinator.The Ministry of Peace, together with the federallevel Durable Solutions Working Group members,chaired by NDRMC and co-chaired by theInternational Organization for Migration (IOM)and UN Resident Coordinator’s Office (RCO), isresponsible for supporting its implementation.For further information, please contact:A UN team on durable solutions has beenestablished under the auspices of the federallevel Durable Solutions Working Group to ensurea common UN response. The team is currentlychaired by the RCO and co-chaired by the Foodand Agriculture Organization (FAO). It is supportedby a Durable Solutions Secretariat.Mr. Megbaru AyalewDirector GeneralMinistry of Peaceayalewmegbaru@gmail.comMs. Hélène AtrafiDurable Solutions CoordinatorUN Resident Coordinator’s Officehelene.atrafi@one.un.orgDURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE15

ETHIOPIADURABLESOLUTIONSINITIATIVE

of Ethiopia, the United Nations, international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and donors. Modeled after good practices in other countries, the DSI in Ethiopia seeks to provide a principled operational framework to guide the work of all partners on durable solutions in the country. Its ultimate objective is to enable conditions