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Understanding, Applying andEnforcing NFPA 25James D. LakeNFSA Director of Training
When Sprinklers Are IneffectiveWater did not reach fire7%7%5%44%8%Not enough waterreleasedDamaged ComponentManual Intervention30%Lack of MaintenanceInappropriate SystemSource: U.S. Experience With Sprinklers, John R. Hall, Jr., NFPA Fire Analysis And Research, Quincy, MA, September 2013 National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20112
When Sprinklers Fail to Operate6%Water did not reach fire5%7%17%Manual Interventioin44%Damaged ComponentLack of MaintenanceInappropriate System forFireSource: U.S. Experience With Sprinklers, John R. Hall, Jr., NFPA Fire Analysis And Research, Quincy, MA, September 2013 National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20113
Achieving Success Inspection Testing Maintenance Records National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20114
NFPA 25 National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20115
Introduction to NFPA 25 Administrative Chapters (1-4) System Chapters (5-13) Corrective Chapters (14 & 15) Special Requirements (16) Annexes (A-H) National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20116
AnnexesA.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.Explanatory MaterialForms and Reports for ITMPossible Causes of Pump TroublesObstruction InvestigationHazard Evaluation FormConnectivity and Data CollectionColor-Coded Tagging ProgramInformational References National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20117
Chapter 1 Scope Purpose Application National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20118
Scope Minimum Requirements Periodic Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Assumes the system has been properlyinstalled Not intended for addressing designdeficiencies National Fire Sprinkler Association - 20119
Coordination with NFPA 72 The inspection, testing, and maintenance required by thisstandard and NFPA 72 shall be coordinated so that the systemoperates as intended. All inspections, testing, and maintenance required by NFPA 72shall conform to NFPA 72, and all inspections, testing, andmaintenance required by this standard shall conform to thisstandard.
Design Evaluation This standard addresses the operatingcondition of fire protection systems as well asimpairment handling and reporting, and alsoapplies to fire protection systems that havebeen properly installed in accordance withgenerally accepted practice. This standard does not require the inspectorto verify the adequacy of the design of thesystem. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201111
Corrective Action Corrective action needed to ensure that a system operates in asatisfactory manner shall be in accordance with theappropriate installation standard. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201112
NFPA 13D Systems Unless required by Chapter 16, this standard shall not apply tosprinkler systems designed, installed, and maintained inaccordance with NFPA 13D.
Purpose Provide a reasonable degree of protection to life and propertythrough minimum inspection, testing and maintenancemethods for water-based fire protection systems. In those cases where it is determined that an existing situationinvolves a distinct hazard to life or property, the authorityhaving jurisdiction shall be permitted to require inspection,testing, and maintenance methods in excess of those requiredby the standard. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201114
NFPA 25 Definitions General Definitions– Inspection– Testing– Maintenance– Deficiency– Impairment National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201115
Inspection National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201116
Inspection Inspection. A visual examination of a system or portion toverify that it appears to be in operating condition and is free ofphysical damage.
NOT an Inspection An evaluation of the adequacy of the system to control orextinguish a fire in the protected occupancy. An evaluation of the adequacy of the water supply (watertanks and fire pumps) with regard to the necessary waterflowand pressure needed to meet the system demand as designed. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201118
NOT an Inspection An evaluation of the hazards present in thebuilding in relation to the minimum design forprotection. A determination as to whether the system wasdesigned and installed in accordance with theapplicable installation standard. An evaluation of the extent of protection inaccordance with the original applicableinstallation standard. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201119
NOT an Inspection Reviewing or commenting on the design criteria for the systemin relation to the commodity or hazard. Reviewing or commenting on the installation plans regardingpipe sizing or sprinkler type, orifice size, or temperature rating. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201120
What is Testing? National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201121
Testing Testing. A procedure used to determine the operational statusof a component or system by conducting periodic physicalchecks, such as waterflow tests, fire pump tests, alarm, tests,and trip tests of dry pipe, deluge, or preaction valve
What is Maintenance? National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201123
Maintenance Maintenance. In water-based fire protection systems, workperformed to keep equipment operable.
What is a Deficiency? National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201125
Deficiency Deficiency. For the purposes of inspection, testing, andmaintenance of water-based fire protection systems, acondition that will or has the potential to adversely impact theperformance of a system or portion thereof but does not riseto the level of an impairment.
Noncritical or Critical Deficiency Noncritical Deficiency. A deficiency that does not have a materialeffect on the ability of the fire protection system or unit to functionin a fire event, but correction is needed to meet the requirementsof this standard or for the proper inspection, testing, andmaintenance of the system or unit. Critical Deficiency. A deficiency that, if not corrected, can have amaterial effect on the ability of the fire protection system or unit tofunction as intended in a fire event.
Noncritical or Critical Deficiency National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201128
What is an Impairment? Why is it important? National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201129
Impairment Impairment. A condition where a fire protection system or unitor portion thereof is out of order, and the condition can resultin the fire protection system or unit not functioning in a fireevent.
Impairment? National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201131
Emergency Impairment A condition where a water-based fire protection system orportion thereof is out of order due to an unplannedoccurrence, or the impairment is found while performinginspection testing or maintenance activities.
Preplanned Impairment A condition where a waterbased fire protection system or aportion thereof is out of service due to work planned inadvance, such as revisions to the water supply or sprinklersystem piping.
Which Table to Use What question are we asking?– How often are we required to do something The ITM Tables– Is the circumstance we have encountered withinthe scope of NFPA 25 Table A.3.3.7– What actions are required in order to restore asystem to service The Component Replacement Action Tables National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201134
Use of ITM Tables Every operational chapter except chapter 12 (water mist systems) has afrequency Table for Inspection, Testing & Maintenance These tables may be used as a quick guide to find appropriate sectionsas to when various functions are performed Tables are limited in that they may not cover every circumstance, so theactual section referenced should be investigated National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201135
Use of Annex A Table toDetermine Whether Issues areWithin the Scope of NFPA 25 National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201136
Use of Table A.3.3.7 Every operational chapter except chapter 12 (water mistsystems) has a reference Table for violations of NFPA 25 These tables may be used as a quick guide to findappropriate sections as to what appropriate section ofNFPA 25 applies to a specific condition Tables are limited in that they may not cover everycircumstance, so the actual section referenced, inaddition to other possible sections, should beinvestigated National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201137
Use of Table A.3.3.7 Not a part of the requirements Included for informational purposes only. National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201138
Use of ComponentReplacement ActionRequirement Tables forDetermining WhatTests/Inspections are Requiredto Restore a System to Service National Fire Sprinkler Association - 201139
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systems) has a reference Table for violations of NFPA 25 These tables may be used as a quick guide to find appropriate sections as to what appropriate section of NFPA 25 applies to a specific condition Tables are limited in that they may not cover every circumstance, so the actual section referenced, in
