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An ACI StandardSpecifications forStructural ConcreteReported by ACI Committee 301'I'0(Y)u ( acI American Concrete InstituteAlways advancing
First PrintingMay 2016American Concrete InstituteAlways advancingISBN: 978-1-942727-86-6Specifications for Structural ConcreteCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This materialmay not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoidambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACIdocuments occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than oneinterpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement ofACI documents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website at px. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata for the mostup-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate thesignificance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility forthe application of the material it contains. Individuals who use this publication in any way assume allrisk and accept total responsibility for the application and use of this information.All information in this publication is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express orimplied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particularpurpose or non-infringement.ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental,or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may resultfrom the use of this publication.It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriateto the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regardto health and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability ofall regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws andregulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) health and safety standards.Participation by governmental representatives in the work of the American Concrete Institute and inthe development of Institute standards does not constitute governmental endorsement of ACI or thestandards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, through electronic subscription,or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: 1.248.848.3700Fax: 1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgCoovriaht American Concrete Institute
ACI 301-16Specifications for Structural ConcreteAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 301Michelle L. Wilson, SecretaryJames N. Cornell, ChairVoting MembersJon B. ArdahlRoger J. BeckerNicholas J. CarinoDomingo J. CarreiraMark F. ChrzanowskiTeck L. ChuaAnthony R. DeCarlo Jr.*Christopher C. FerraroSidney FreedmanJohn W. Gajda*Thomas M. GreeneDavid P. GustafsonCharles S. Hanska!Kenneth C. HoverSteven C. Jaycox*Larry B. Krauser*Colin L. LoboWard R. MalischFrank Stephen MalitsW. Calvin McCallDavid R. NauAimee P ergalskyHenry B. Prenger*G. Michael RobinsonRichard S. SzecsyScott M. Tarr*Daniel B. Toon*John B. TurnerMiroslav F. VejvodaArthur T. Weiss Jr.Michael A. WhisonantDennis M. Wittry**Subcommittee Chairs.Subcommittee MembersAsit N. BaxiJason P. BrayKenneth CarlsonRamon L. CarrasquilloSteven R. CloseStephen J. CrawfordJack L. DavidDaniel P. DorfmuellerChris ForsterWilliam A. GiorgiTodd R. HawkinsonMichael G. HernandezGardner P. HorstJohn C. HukeyRobert S. JenkinsRoger S. JohnstonAlfred L. Kaufman Jr.Robert G. KentNee! R. KhosaDonald P. KlineLionel A. LemayKevin A. MacDonaldArthur W. McKinney!Andrew S. McPhersonBrian D. MillerHarry R. Moss Jr.Theodore L. NeffJoseph F. Neuber JrLance OsbourneJohn W. RohrerDavid B. ScottMatthew J. SheehanEdith G. SmithJason Swager!Kuntay L. TalayMichael D. A. ThomasRalph H. TulisGregory R. WagnerWilliam H. WolfeZuming Xia*Deceased.Consulting MemberEric S. PetersonThis is a Reference Specification that the Architect/Engineer canapply to any construction project involving structural concrete byciting it in the Project Specifications. A mandatory requirementschecklist and an optional requirements checklist are provided toassist the Architect/Engineer in supplementing the provisions ofthis Specification as required or needed by designating or speci fYing individual project requirements.Thefirstfive sections of this Specification cover general construc tion requirements for cast-in-place structural concrete and slabs on-ground. These sections cover materials and proportioning ofconcrete; reinforcement and prestressing steel; production, placing,finishing, and curing of concrete; formwork performance criteriaand construction; treatment of joints; embedded items; repair ofsuiface defects; and finishing of formed and unformed suifaces.Provisions governing testing, evaluation, and acceptance of concreteas well as acceptance of the structures are included. The remainingsections are devoted to architectural concrete, lightweight concrete,Coovriaht American Concrete Institutemass concrete, post-tensioned concrete, shrinkage-compensatingconcrete, industrial floor slabs, tilt-up construction, precast struc tural concrete, and precast architectural concrete.Keywords: architectural; cold weather; compressive strength; consolida tion; curing; durability; finish; formwork; grouting; hot weather; industrialfloors; inspection; joints; lightweight concrete; mass concrete; mixtureproportions; placing; post-tensioned; precast; prestressing steel; repair;reshoring; shoring; shrinkage-compensating; slab; slabs-on-ground; steelreinforcement; testing; tilt-up; tolerance; welded wire.ACI 3 0 1 - 1 6 supersedes ACI 30 1 - 1 0, was adopted April I, 2 0 1 6, and publishedMay 2016.Copyright 20 1 6, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or byany means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission inwriting is obtained from the copyright proprietors. .
2SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 301-16)CONTENTSSECTION 1 -G E N ERAL REQUIREM ENTS, p. 21 . 1 -Scope, p. 21 .2-Interpretation, p. 31 .3-Definitions, p. 31 .4-Referenced standards, p. 51 .5-Submittals, p. 81 .6-Testing and inspection, p. 81 .7-Acceptance of structure, p. 1 01 .8-Protection of in-place concrete, p . 1 1SECTION 2-FORMWO R K AN D FORMWO R KACCESSOR I ES, p. 1 12. 1-General, p. 1 12.2-Products, p. 1 22.3-Execution, p. 1 2SECTION 3-REI NFORCEM ENT A N DREI NFORCEM ENT SU PPORTS, p. 143 . 1-General, p. 143.2-Products, p. 143 .3-Execution, p. 1 6SECTION 4-CONCRETE M IXTU R ES, p . 1 84. 1 -General, p . 1 84.2-Products, p . 1 84.3-Execution, p . 23SECTION 5-HAN DLING, PLACING, ANDCONSTRUCTI NG, p. 235 . 1-General, p. 235 .2-Products, p. 245 .3-Execution, p. 24SECTION 6-ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE, p. 286. 1-General, p. 286.2-Products, p. 286.3-Execution, p. 29SECTION ?-LIG HTWEIGHT CONCRETE, p. 317 . 1-General, p. 3 17 .2-Products, p. 3 17-3-Execution, p. 3 1SECTION 1 -GENERAL REQUIREM ENTS1.1 -Scope1.1 .1 This Specification covers construction of cast-in place concrete, architectural concrete, lightweight concrete,mass concrete, post-tensioned concrete, shrinkage-compen sating concrete, industrial floor slabs cast on ground, tilt-upconstruction, precast structural concrete, and precast archi tectural concrete.1 .1.2 Sections 1 through 5 apply to projects where this Speci fication is referenced. Work covered by Sections 6 through 14apply only if that Work is designated in Contract Documents.1 .1 .3 This Specification becomes part of the ContractDocument and provides requirements for Contractor.1 .1.4 This Specification governs for construction within itsscope, except Contract Documents govern if there is a conflict.1.1 .5 Work not specified-The following Work is not inthe scope of this Specification: te InstituteCoovriaht AmSECTION 8-MASS CONCRETE, p. 318 . 1-General, p. 3 18.2-Products, p. 3 18.3-Execution, p . 32SECTION 9-POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE, p. 329 . 1 -General, p. 329.2-Products, p. 349.3-Execution, p. 35SECTION 1 0-SHRIN KAGE-COMPENSATINGCONCRETE FOR INTERIOR SLABS, p. 381 0. 1 -General, p. 381 0.2-Products, p. 3 81 0.3-Execution, p . 38SECTION 1 1 -I NDUSTRIAL FLOOR SLABS, p. 381 1 . 1-General, p. 3 81 1 .2-Products, p. 391 1 .3-Execution, p. 39SECTION 1 2-TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION, p. 401 2. 1 -General, p. 401 2 .2-Products, p. 4 11 2 .3-Execution, p. 4 1SECTION 1 3-PRECAST STRUCTURALCONCRETE, p. 421 3 . 1-General, p. 421 3 .2-Products, p. 431 3 .3-Execution, p. 46SECTION 14-PRECAST ARCHITECTURALCONCRETE, p. 481 4 . 1 -General, p. 4814.2-Products, p. 491 4.3-Execution, p. 5 1NOTES TO SPECIFIER(Nonmandatory), p. 51General notes, p. 5 1Foreword to checklists, p. 52(a) Manufactured concrete products specified by ASTMstandards(b) Environmental concrete structures(c) H eavyweight shielding concrete(d) Paving concrete(e) Terrazzo(f) Insulating concrete(g) Refractory concrete(h) Nuclear containment structures(i) Concrete piles; drilled piers; and caissons assigned toSeismic Design Categories A, B, and C(j) Fire safety (Underwriter Laboratories [UL] designs)(k) Shotcrete(I) Slipformed concrete walls1 .1 .6 This Specification governs if there is a conflict withreferenced materials and testing standards.1 .1 .7 Contractor is permitted to submit written alterna tives to any provision in this Specification.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 301-16)1 .1 .8 Ignore provisions of this Specification that are notapplicable to the Work.1 .1 .9 Units-Values in this Specification are stated ininch-pound units.1.1 .10 Unless otherwise stated, the inch-pound system ofunits shall be applicable in ASTM combined standards refer enced in this Specification.1 .1.11 The Notes to Specifier are not part ofthis Specification.1.2-lnterpretation1 .2.1 Unless otherwise explicitly stated, this Specificationshall be interpreted using the following principles:1.2.1.1 Interpret this Specification consistent with theplain meaning of the words and terms used.1.2.1.2 Definitions provided in this Specification governover the definitions of the same or similar words or termsfound elsewhere.1.2.1.3 Headings are part of this Specification and areintended to identify the scope of the provisions or sectionsthat follow. If there is a difference in meaning or implicationbetween the text of a provision and a heading, the meaningof the text governs.1.2.1.4 Notes to a table are part of this Specification.The meaning of the provision text governs in the event of adifference in meaning or implication between the provisiontext and a note to a table.1 .2.1 .5 If a provision of this Specification involves two ormore items, conditions, requirements, or events connectedby the conjunctions "and" or "or," interpret the conjunctionas follows:(a) "And" indicates that all of the connected items, condi tions, requirements, or events apply.(b) "Or" indicates that the connected items, conditions,requirements, or events apply singularly.1.2.1.6 The use of the verbs "may" or "will" indicates thatthe specification provision is for information to Contractor.1.2.1.7 The phrase "as indicated in Contract Documents"means the specifier included the provision requirements inContract Documents.1.2.1.8 The phrase "unless otherwise specified" meansthe specifier may have included an alternative to the defaultrequirement in Contract Documents.1.3-Definitionsacceptable or accepted-determined to be satisfactory byArchitect/Engineer.acceptance-acknowledgment by Architect/Engineerthat submittal or completed Work is acceptable.ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade 1-aperson who has demonstrated knowledge and ability toperform and record the results of ASTM standard tests onfreshly mixed concrete and to make and cure test speci mens; knowledge and ability shall be demonstrated bypassing prescribed written and performance examinationsand having credentials that are current with the AmericanConcrete Institute.aggressive environment-an environment that exposes astructure to moisture and external sources of chlorides from--Coovriaht American Concrete Institute.- - . . . . ---3deicing chemicals, salt, brackish water, seawater, or sprayfrom these sources; for stressing pockets subj ect to wettingor direct contact with soils during service.Architect/Engineer or Engineer/Architect-ArchitectEngineer, architectural firm, engineering firm, or architec tural and engineering firm issuing Contract Documents oradministering the Work under Contract Documents, or both.architectural concrete-concrete that is typicallyexposed to view, is designated as architectural concrete inContract Documents, and therefore requires care in selectionof the concrete materials, forming, placing, and finishing toobtain the desired architectural appearance.backshores-shores placed snugly under a concrete slabor structural member after the original formwork and shoreshave been removed from a small area at a time, withoutallowing the slab or member to deflect, or support its ownweight or existing construction loads.cast-in-p
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 301-16) 3 1.1.8 Ignore provisions of this Specification that are not applicable to the Wo rk. 1.1.9 Units-Values in this Specification are stated in inch-pound units. 1.1.10 Unless otherwise stated, the inch-pound system of units shall be applicable in ASTM combined standards refer enced in this Specification. 1.1.11 The Notes to Specifier are not .
