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How to Make SoapMaterial, Manufacture, Making,Used, Processing(Personal Care Product, Soap Production Line,Soap Making Ingredients, Formulations ofSoaps, Plant and Machinery, Process, Soapperfumery, Packaging, Management, AnalyticalMethods, Toilet Soap, Washing Bar/CakeSoap, Medicated Soaps, Deodorant Soaps)

Soap is t he t radit ional was hing c ompound made from oil fat s andc aus t ic alk ali. It is an it em of daily nec es s it y as c leaning agent .There are few s pec ialt y s oaps like t he was hing s oaps , c as t iles oaps , s andal s oap, s pec ially flavored s oaps , medic at ed s oaps ,t oilets oapsand baby s oaps . Populat ion growt h, es pec iallyhous eholds wit h c hildren has a proport ional impac t on t he growt hof t he manufac t uring s ec t or of t he indus t r y. The s oap indus t r y isvivac ious , varied, c reat ive and t ric k y, and has t he pros pect ive t oprovide a grat ifying c areer. Wit h inc reas ing popularit y t here hasbeen inc reas e in pot ent ial c ompet it ors but it s t ill has t heopport unit y of furt her exploit at ion.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Today wit h inc reas e in dis pos able inc omes all around t heworld, demand for t hes e produc t s expec t ed t o inc reas ebec aus ec ons umersaremoving up t owardspremiumproduct s . Wit h inc reas ing awarenes s of hygienic s t andards ,t he market for t he Soap is growing at a rat e higher t han 8%annually. People have bec ome more c reat ive in t r ying t ofind new ways in which t hey c an make s oap eit her fordomes t ic us e or c ommerc ial purpos es . This book willprovide all t he bas ic fact s and informat ion you need t o gets t art ed. You will be able t o s lowly build your way up t oc omplet ely mas t er t he art of s oap mak ing.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Soap is undoubt edly t he oldes t produc t t o be produceds pec ific ally as a s ur fac t ant and in it s many formsc ont inues t o play a major role t oday. Wit hin t his highlyc ompet it ivemarketplac es oapispres ent edinamult it ude of forms bot h s olid and liquid. The s oapindus t r y in India is at t he high growt h rat e and many newent rant s are planning t o launc h t heir produc t in t hisc at egor y. The overall s oap indus t r y is wort h at 60000c rores . I ndia wit h a huge populat ion has a hous eholdpenet rat ion of s oaps at 98%.www.entrepreneurindia.co

People belonging t o different inc ome levels us e differentbrands , whic h fall under different s egment s , but allinc ome levels us e s oaps , mak ing it t he s ec ond larges tc at egor y in I ndia. Rural c ons umers in I ndia c ons t it ut e70% of t he populat ion. Rural demand is growing, wit hmore and more s oap brands being launc hed in t hedis c ount s egment t arget ing t he lower s oc io-ec onomics t rat a of cons umers . Soap manufac t urers originallyt arget ed t heir produc t s t o t he lowes t inc ome s t rat a inurban as well as rural areas , pos it ioning t heir brands asa way t o remove dirt and c lean t he body.www.entrepreneurindia.co

The book cont ains proc es s es formulae, P hot ographs of P lant &Mac hiner y wit h Supplier’s Cont act D et ails , Addres s es of RawMat erialSuppliersandprovidinginformat ionregardingmanufact uring met hod of different was hing and t oilet s oaps . Someof t he fundament als of t he book are raw mat erial oil and fat s , fat t yac ids ,manufac t ureofs oapproduc t s ,t ec hnologyofs oapmanufact uring, various formulat ions of s oaps , s oap per fumer y,management of s oap fac t ories , analyt ic al met hods .This book will be a mile s t one for it s readers who are new t o t hiss ec t or, will als o find us eful for profes s ionals , ent repreneurs , t hos es t udying and res earc hing in t his import ant area.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Table of Contents1. IntroductionDefinitionUsesCleansing MechanismCharacteristics of SoapSaponification of Fats - The Basic ChemicalReaction Making Soap2. Raw Materials Oil and Fats(The Main Raw Materials for Soaps)Classification of Fats/OilsSome of the Most Useful Fats and OilsTallowCoconut OilPalm OilPalm Kernel OilCottonseed Oilwww.entrepreneurindia.co

Castor OilChinese Vegetable TallowCorn OilRice Bran OilLinseed OilOlive OilGroundnut OilTall OilMahua OilBabassu OilNeat's-Foot OilLardGreasesFish OilHydrogenated OilsPurification of Soap FatsAcid WashingAlkali Refiningwww.entrepreneurindia.co

BleachingAbsorbent BleachingBleaching By Using Oxidizing AgentsTesting Of Soap FatsPropertiesNon Fatty Raw Materials For SoapThe AlkalisSoap BuildersFillerStabilizers, Anti-oxidantsOther Additives (Foam Producers)Foaming Agents Used in SoapSolventsMedicaments/Deodorants/Bacteriostatic AgentsClarifiersColouring MattersPreparation of ColoursWater SolubleOil Solublewww.entrepreneurindia.co

Alcohol SolubleMilled SoapsFull-boiled/Semi-boiled/cold-made SoapsSoap Bases and Liquid SoapsWashing/Laundry SoapsMedicated SoapsPerfumesComprehensive DetailsEssential OilsIsolatesSynthetic Chemicals3. Fatty AcidsTypes of fatty acids and their physicalpropertiesPhysical properties of fatty acidsMelting pointBoiling pointViscositywww.entrepreneurindia.co

DensitySolubilitiesRefractive IndexHeat of crystallisationPolymorphismFatty acids of oils and fatsRaw materials of fatty acidsAnimal fatsTall oilVegetable oils and soap stocksManufacture of fatty acidsPretreatment of feed stockFat splittingHigh pressure catalytic splittingHigh pressure steam splittingContinuous fat splittingRefining of crude fatty acidsDistillation of fatty acidsMazzoni fat splitting and distillation processwww.entrepreneurindia.co

Distillation of crude fatty acidSplittingDistillationSplitting plant using thermic fluid insteadof steamsFractional distillation of fatty acidsDevelopment trends in fatty acid distillationPanning & pressing processSolvent crystallisation processLurgi Wetting MethodRecovery of glycerinePre-treatment and evaporation of spent-lyePre-treatment and evaporation of sweet waterDistillation of crude glycerineSynthesis of fatty acids4. Manufacture of Soap ProductsHealth and safety FactorsClassification of Soap ProductsMethods of Manufacturewww.entrepreneurindia.co

Various Finishing MethodsProductionFull Boiling Process (Description)The ProcessFirst StageSecond StageThird StageFourth StageFifth StageWashing Bar/Cake Soap From Neat SoapJet Saponification ProcessGlycerine RecoverySemi-Boiling Process and Cold-Made ProcessGeneral DescriptionProduction of Washing Bar/Cake Soapby Semi-Boiling/Cold-Made ProcessEquipmentsProcess OperationsExamination of Cold-Made ProductsFormulations for Washing Soapswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Washing Soap Using Soap Stock as MainFatty Raw MaterialA Typical BatchToilet SoapMilling ProcessFloating Toilet Soap CakeManufacture of Toilet Soap by Semi-Boiled/Cold-Made ProcessProcedureAlkaliMilled Finished SoapA Typical Batch For Toilet SoapMottled SoapCarbolic Acid SoapSuggested FormulationProcedureMedicated SoapsCastile SoapCastile Soap by Boiling Processwww.entrepreneurindia.co

Some Suggested Formulations for Castile SoapDeodorant SoapsVarious Industrial SoapsTextile SoapsLaundry Washing AldsA Fabric Cleaning CompoundCotton Scouring SoapDry Cleaner's SoapWater SoftenerJelly Soap/Soft SoapAutomobile SoapWire Drawing SoapScouring SoapPreparation of Washing Soap PowderSimplified MethodPowdered By Pulverising MethodWashing Powder by Spray-CrystallizationSoap Beads or Granules by Spray-DryingSoap FlakesShaving Soapswww.entrepreneurindia.co

ProcedureShaving CreamOther FormulationBrushless/Latherless Shaving CreamLiquid Shaving CreamBasic CombinationThicker CreamAerosol PackageLiquid Soaps/ShampoosProcess of ManufactureEquipmentsLiquid Toilet Soap ConcentratesLiquid Washing Soap ConcentrateShampoosClassificationPhysical StatesCharacteristicsVarious Additives of Shampoos ImpartingSpecial Propertieswww.entrepreneurindia.co

SolubilizerOpacifiersThickeners for Body or ViscosityFoam StabilizersConditioning AgentsAgents for Resistance of Hard-WaterGermicidal AgentsPreservativesSoap ShampoosOlder MethodsModern MethodsSome Typical FormulationsShampoos Based on Synthetic SurfactantsGeneral FormulationsLiquid Cream Shampoos and Paste CreamFoamless Oil ShampoosBaby ShampoosMedicated Dandruff ShampoosOther Miscellaneous ShampoosAerosol Shampoos (Pressure Dispersed)www.entrepreneurindia.co

Method of Continuous Saponification of Fatsby Alkali SolutionMethod of Continuous Splitting of fats intofatty Acids and Glycerol with SimultaneousNeutralization of free fatty Acids with AlkaliYielding SoapContinuous Neutralization ProcessDescription of A ProcessAdvantagesDisadvantagesContinuous Neutralization Process using FattyAcids Instead of fatsBatch Methods of Splitting fats into fattyAcids and GlycerolPurification of Fatty Acids5. Technology of Soap ManufacturingManufacturing SoapTechniqueswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Saponification Equipments used by theSmall-scale sectorEquipment for batch soapmakingImproved methods of saponificationLye AbsorptionSaponification LoopSaponification of Distilled Fatty AcidsAlfa Laval Continuous SaponificationWashing of saponified soapStaight washesCounter current washes using a set of pansCounter current washes in a singledivided panRotating disc contactor (RDC)Fitting of SoapMethod of Expressing Free Alkali, Chlorideand TFMPlant for Total Soapmaking OperationConstruction Materials for Soapmaking Plantswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Earth bleaching of oilsChemical bleachingFatty acidsLye treatmentStorage of raw lyeOutput of Soap and GlycerineAnalysis of oilsEster value of oilsGlycerine RecoveryIntroductionGlycerine Recovery ProcedurePurpose of Lye TreatmentMethod of Lye TreatmentTreatment of Sweet WaterFirst treatmentSecond treatmentEvaporationContinuous FinisherRefining of Crude GlycerineProduction of Laundry and Toilet Soapswww.entrepreneurindia.co

IntroductionFrame Cooling of SoapProduction of Filled Soaps on the MazzoniBilletingTechnology of Toilet SoapsIntroductionOil blendProduction of toilet soapMixing of soapPreservativesPerfumesColoursOpacifiersOptical brightnersSuper-fatting agentStructurantsBactericides and germicidesMiscellaneous additivesDesign of mixersRefiners vs. Millswww.entrepreneurindia.co

PloddingStampingWrappingPackingCarbolic SoapTransparent SoapsIntroductionManufacturing methodsManufacturing methodTranslucent SoapsOil blendFloating SoapMarbled SoapProcess ControlIntroductionPre-treatment of Raw MaterialsSoapmakingFat charge controlColour of soap baseFree alkali and chloridewww.entrepreneurindia.co

Unsaponified fatGlycerol in soapProcess Controls Beyond Pan Room:Domestic SoapToilet SoapOther SoapsSoap ChipsSoap NoodlesSoap FlakesSoap Powder for LaundriesShaving CreamSoft SoapMedicated SoapShaving Soap6. Various Formulations of SoapsToilet Soap of Inferior QualityProcessToilet Soap of Lux Typewww.entrepreneurindia.co

ProcessKhas SoapAmla SoapRose SoapSandal SoapMusk SoapAlmond SoapTransparent SoapsProcessMedicated SoapsStock SoapFormulae and Process Description forVarious Medicated SoapsProcessCarbolic SoapProcessProcedureNeem SoapProcesswww.entrepreneurindia.co

ProcessCamphor SoapProcedureChaulmogra SoapProcedureShaving Soaps and CreamsShaving SoapsSolid Shaving PreparationLather Shaving CreamLiquid Soaps and ShampoosProcess of ManufactureLiquid ShampoosEgg ShampoosHerbal ShampoosWashing Soap (Various Types)Precautions regarding Manufacture of SoapNerol Washing SoapProcessSoap Removal ProcedureFormulae for Nerol Soapwww.entrepreneurindia.co

7. Soap perfumerySoap compoundsBrown ropeHyacinthJasminLavenderLilacLily8. Management of Soap factoriesTechnical EfficiencyIntroductionYieldFatty acid yieldwww.entrepreneurindia.co

Glycerol yieldActive detergent yieldOver/under usage of materialsPacking loss/gainOil usage patternScrap and downgrading lossesProductivitySteam, water, electricityFinancial SummaryPollution ControlIntroductionSource of PollutionOil spillsChemical spillsBleachingChemical treatmentSoap-makingGlycerine RecoveryLaundry Soapswww.entrepreneurindia.co