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い5GHz帯無線LAN2017年 3月 所井上 保彦Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

Agenda はじめに IEEE 802.11 Working Group これまでのIEEE 802.11無線LAN標準化 次世代5GHz帯無線LAN - IEEE 802.11ax 術5Gに向けて セルラーと無線LANの連携 IEEE �線LAN普及の普及に向けたチャレンジ 5GHz帯の更なる活用 システム間の周波数共用Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.2

DisclaimerCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.3

はじめにTrain StationCampusClass RoomAirportWireless LANseverywhere!!HomeHomeShopping MallCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.4

IEEE 802.11 Working Group これまでのIEEE 802.11無線LAN標準化 次世代5GHz帯無線LAN - IEEE 802.11ax 術Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

IEEE 802.11 Working Group IEEE 802.11 is a working group, responsible for generatingWireless LAN standards802.11 operates under The “Sponsor”: IEEE LMSC “LAN / MAN Standards Committee” – aka “802” IEEE Computer Society IEEE-SA Standards Board Work in 802.11 is divided into various activities Task groups – one per approved standard or amendment to bedeveloped Study groups – the precursor to a task group that determinesinitial requirements and seeks approval Various standing committee's responsible for ongoing work,such a publicity and regulatoryReference) “What 802.11 is doing?” – available from: 2.11%20doing.pptxCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.6

IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE 802: LAN/MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks)の標準化を行う委員会802 Executive MIHS)802.24802.22(WRAN) (Smart Grid)Media 討を実施Wi-Fi AllianceIETF無線LAN機器間の 無線LANの上位層や相互接続性の認証 EC JTC12.4 opyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.7

History of Wireless LAN Standardization (1/2) 無線LANの主な物理層の規格10 G1995200020052010Max. PHY rate [bit/s] 60 GHz Single Carrier & OFDM1G100 M 5 GHz 20 MHz channel OFDM ( 6 – 54 M bit/s)802.11b10 M802.11PHY1M802.11ad 802.11ac802.11n802.11a802.11g2015 5 GHz 80 and 160 MHz channels DL MU-MIMO 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 20 and 40 MHz Channels MIMO OFDM 2.4 GHz 802.11b 802.11a 2.4 GHz DSSS (1 & 2 M bit/s) CCK (5.5 & 11 M bit/s) 920 MHz Down clocked802.11ac PHY 2.4 GHz 3 PHYs (DSSS, FHSS, IrDA) 1 or 2 M bit/sCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.8

History of Wireless LAN Standardization (2/2) �格19952000200520102015802.11aa (VideoTransport Stream)Application802.11u (Wireless Inter-workingWith External Networks)802.11w (ProtectedManagement Frames)Security and QoS802.11i(Security)802.11r (Fast Inter-BSS Transition)802.11e (QoS)802.11ai(Fast Initial802.11vLink Setup)(Wireless Network Management)Networking and Management802.11d802.11h802.11 MAC (Multi-Domain (Spectrum(original)Operation) Managed 11a)802.11ae (PrioritizedManagement Frames)802.11k(Radio ResourceMeasurement)802.11s(Mesh Networking)802.11z(Tunneled Direct Link Setup)Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.9

�プの状況ScopeDiscussionTopicsStudyGroupTask PADTGazNGPAd HocGroups802.11-1997802.11aiFILSTGaxHEWWNG SCBase Standard802.11-2016TGakGLKLRLPTIGPHYWG 11z802.11aa802.11ae802.11ac802.11afSub 1 GHzTGajCmmWTGayNG60G 技術的なディスカッション 新プロジェクトの提案 ユースケース， TG設立準備(PAR &CSD) 要求条件の明確化 提案募集 ドラフト作成ドラフト改訂／審議(WG Ballot /Sponsor Ballot)802.11adCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.10

IEEE 802.11 WG - onTask Group AJ (TGaj) China millimeter wave – 802.11ad (60 GHz WLAN)の中国周波数規則対応。Task Group AK (TGak) Enhancements for Transit Links with Bridged Networks – 802.1QBridged ��機能拡張。Task Group AQ (TGaq) Pre-Association Service Discovery – �拡張。Task Group AX (TGax) High Efficiency WLAN between 1 and 6 GHz – ��を達成するための機能拡張。Task Group AY (TGay) Next Generation 60 GHz WLAN – 60 GHz帯を使用し，20 G めの機能拡張。Task Group AZ (TGaz) Next Generation Positioning – FTM (Fine Timing ��張Task Group BA (TGba) Wake-up Radio – Energy efficient reception mode without increaseof latency for the 802.11 standard.LC TIG To determine the technical and economic opportunity presented byusing the light medium for wireless communications.WNG SC WLAN Next Generation Sanding Committee – General discussionsfor the next generation WLAN services and technologies.Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.11

IEEE 802.11 Standards FamilyStandardsScopeStandardsScope802.11-1997WLAN PHY & MAC802.11s-2011Mesh Networking802.11a-2001OFDM PHY in 5GHz802.11u-2011Wireless Interworking802.11b-2001High Rate in 2.4 GHz802.11v-2011Wireless Network Management802.11d-2001Multi-Regulatory domain operation802.11w-2009Protected Management Frames802.11e-2005QoS enhancement802.11y-2008Contention Based Protocol for U.S.3.5 GHz802.11g-2003OFDM PHY in 2.4 GHz802.11z-2010Tunneled Direct Link Setup802.11h-2003Spectrum Managed 802.11a(DFS &TPC)802.11aa-2012Video Transport Stream802.11i-2003Security Enhancement802.11ac-2013Very High Throughput 6GHz802.11j-2004JP 5GHz Wireless Access802.11ad-2012Directional Multi-Gigabit WLAN802.11k-2008Radio Resource Measurement802.11ae-2012Prioritized Management Frames802.11n-2009High Throughput802.11af-2013TV White Space operation802.11p-2011Wireless Access in VehicularEnvironment (WAVE)802.11ah-2016Sub 1 GHz802.11r-2008Fast BSS Transition802.11ai-2016Fast Initial Link Setup (FILS)Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.12

IEEE 802.11ax 標準化 802.11ax無線LAN標準化に至るまでの経緯 当時の無線LANの状況 周囲に数多くの無線LAN機器 �ない無線LANネットワーク �ントフレーム Beacon （ネットワーク制御用報知信号）Probe る無線LANが必要！Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.13

IEEE 802.11ax – Use Cases Usage Models/Use Cases 1標準化作業を開始する前（Study Groupの時代）に、利用形態を議論high density of APs and high density of STAs perAP2 high density of STAs – Indoor3high density of APs (low/medium density ofSTAs per AP) – Indoor4high density of APs and high density of STAs perAP – Outdoor5 Throughput-demanding applicationsabcdefabcdabastadiumairport/train stationsexhibition hallshopping dia Mesh backhaul重要であるとの見解をdense wireless office示したユースケースpublic transportationlecture hallManufacturing Floor Automationdense apartment buildingCommunity Wi-FiSuper dense urban StreetbcabcPico-cell street deploymentMacro-cell street deploymentsurgery/health care (similar to 2e from 11ac)production in stadium (similar to 1d-1e from 11ac)smart car(出典） 06-0hew- wfa.pptCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.14

IEEE 802.11ax無線LANへの要求条件 Use er efficiency/Better area throughput(especially in dense deployment scenarios)Consideration foroutdoor environmentBetter Power SavecapabilityWirelessLANExtension for new market segments(IoT, M2M, V2V, etc.)Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.15

Project Authorization Request (PAR) – 抜粋 Scope of the project: This amendment defines standardized modifications to both the IEEE802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the IEEE 802.11 Medium AccessControl layer (MAC) that enable at least one mode of operation capableof supporting at least four times improvement in the average throughputper station (measured at the MAC data service access point) in a densedeployment scenario, while maintaining or improving the powerefficiency per station.This amendment defines operations in frequency bands between 1 GHzand 6 GHz. The new amendment shall enable backward compatibilityand coexistence with legacy IEEE 802.11 devices operating in the sameband. ポイント �� 対象周波数帯は、1GHz f 6GHz．Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.16

802.11 TGax – Purpose Improve performance of WLANdeployments in dense scenarios Targeting at least 4x improvement inthe per-STA throughput comparedto 802.11n and 802.11ac.Improved efficiency through spatialreuse and enhanced power savetechniques.Dense scenarios arecharacterized by large numberof access points and largenumber of associated STAsdeployed in geographicallimited region, e.g. a stadium oran airport.Access to Internet, latest airlines’announcements, and digital mediasuch as movies and sport eventsReference) “What 802.11 is doing?” – available %20802.11%20doing.pptxCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.17

次世代5GHz帯無線LAN – IEEE 802.11ax 従来の無線LANとの違い 従来の5GHz帯無線LANの進化 伝送速度の改善 IEEE 802.11a-2001：最大伝送速度 54 M bit/s IEEE 802.11n-2009：最大伝送速度 600 M bit/s OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)20 MHz channel bandwidthOFDM MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)20 MHz, (optional) 40 MHz channel �定IEEE 802.11ac-2013：最大伝送速度 7.93 G bit/s DL MU-MIMO (Downlink Multi-User MIMO)20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz & (optional) 160 MHz channel ��が伝送速度の向上に寄与 IEEE �上」Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.18

IEEE 802.11ax – Possible New Technologies (1) マルチユーザ伝送技術 (1) これまでの到達点と課題 IEEE 802.11ac: 下りマルチユーザMIMO (Downlink Multi-User MIMO)channelaccessAPData (DL MU-MMO)STA#1STA#2STA#3STA#4 BAR BA sequencetime個別の確認手順 効率劣化IEEE 802.11ax: 上りマルチユーザMIMO (Uplink Multi-User MIMO)の追加 sTriggerBlock ACKtimeData (UL MU-MIMO)Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.19

IEEE 802.11ax – Possible New Technologies (2) マルチユーザ伝送技術 (2) OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple ��化の方向性： チャネル幅の拡大 802.11a: 20 MHz 802.11n: optional 40 MHz 802.11ac: 80 MHz, optional 160 MHzFreq.20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz20 �スを使いきれない！！ OFDMAの規定20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz802.11a20 MHz20 MHz802.11noptional40 MHz802.11ac80 MHz802.11acoptional160 MHz 20 �ーザを収容 MU-MIMOと同様の上下データ転送手順 1#2#3・・・20 MHz channel・・・ 最大160 MHz n20 MHz channelCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.20

IEEE 802.11ax – Possible New Technologies (3) Spatial Reuse 無線LANのアクセス制御： CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision 先行送信APCollisionover 問題 さらし端末問題802.11ax Spatial Reuse Technique – �する他のエリアからの信号を識別 �与えない場合には送信を行う AP同時送信 エリアスループットの向上APCopyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.21

IEEE 802.11ax – Possible New Technologies (4) �定 4x symbol length るガードインターバル (GI)： 0.8 �環境に対応するため、0.8 msの他に1.6, 3.2 msを規定情報を送る部分： 3.2 msGIGItサブキャリア間隔 312.5 ��部分： 12.8 msサブキャリア間隔 78.125 kHz f20 MHztf20 MHz伝送効率を損なわずにGIを延長 �Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.22

IEEE 802.11ax – Possible New Technologies (5) その他 �チャネル予約）メカニズム： �効率化 TWT (Target Wake Time)運用パラメータの動的な変更 M-BA (Multi-Station Block ACK)パワーセーブ機能の向上 802.11ahの機能を流用 MU-RTS (Multi-User RTS)/CTS procedureOMI (Operation Mode ト Extended Range ight 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.23

IEEE 802.11ax Timeline ル2014201520162017CommentResolutionTG Kick Off(May 2014)CommentCollectionCommentResolutionWG LetterBallotDevelopment ofSpec FrameworkDocument(Nov 14 - Jan 2016)PARApproval(Mar 2014)802.11axDraft 0.1(Apr. 2016)2018CommentResolutionSponsorBallot 802.11axDraft 1.0(Dec. 2016)2019802.11axDraft 2.0(May 2017) IEEE802.11axRatification承認率57.7% ��認率 75%)を満たさず。注） ��Copyright 2017 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.24