Transcription
Handbook of Drug Administrationvia Enteral Feeding Tubes
Handbook of DrugAdministration viaEnteral Feeding TubesTHIRD EDITIONRebecca WhiteBSc (Hons) MSc MRPharmS (I Presc) FFRPSMedical Advisor, Baxter Healthcare LtdCompton, UKVicky BradnamBPharm (Hons) ClinDip MBAOpen MRPharmSPharmaceutical Consultant, Kent, UKOn behalf of the British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group
Published by Pharmaceutical Press1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7JN, UK Pharmaceutical Press 2015is a trade mark of Pharmaceutical PressPharmaceutical Press is the publishing division of the Royal Pharmaceutical SocietyFirst edition 2007Second edition 2011Third edition 2015Typeset by Newgen, IndiaPrinted in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, CornwallISBN 978 0 85711 162 3 (print)ISBN 978 0 85711 221 7 (ePDF)ISBN 978 0 85711 222 4 (ePub)ISBN 978 0 85711 223 1 (Mobi)All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracyof the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility orliability for any errors or omissions that may be made.The right of Rebecca White and Vicky Bradnam to be identified as the authors of thiswork has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and PatentsAct, 1988.
ContentsForeword xiPreface xiiAbout the authors xiiiIndividual drug monographs:Abacavir 63Acamprosate calcium 65Acarbose 66Acebutolol 67Aceclofenac 69Acemetacin 70Acenocoumarol (Nicoumalone) 71Acetazolamide 72Acetylcysteine 74Aciclovir 75Acipimox 77Acitretin 78Adefovir dipivoxil 79Alendronic acid 81Alfacalcidol 84Alfuzosin hydrochloride 86Alimemazine (Trimeprazine) tartrate 88Alitretinoin 89consequences ofAllopurinol 90administering drugs viaAlmotriptan 92Aluminium hydroxide 93Alverine citrate 94Amantadine hydrochloride 95Amiloride hydrochloride 96Aminophylline 98Contributors Abbreviations xvxviiiNotes on the use of this book xx1. Introduction 12. Types of enteral feedingtube 43. Flushing enteral feedingtubes 94. Restoring and maintainingpatency of enteral feedingtubes 5. Drug therapy review 15236. Choice of medicationformulation 257. The legal and professionalenteral feeding tubes 388. Health and safety and clinicalrisk management 479. Syringes and ports 5110. Defining interactions 5511. Medicines optimisation 61Amiodarone hydrochloride Amisulpride 99101
viContentsAmitriptyline hydrochloride 102Celiprolol hydrochloride 170Amlodipine 104Cetirizine hydrochloride 171Amoxicillin 106Chloral hydrate 173Anastrozole 108Chloroquine 175Arginine 109Chlorphenamine Ascorbic acid 111Aspirin 112Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 178Atenolol 113Chlortalidone (Chlorthalidone) 180Atorvastatin 116Ciclosporin 181Azathioprine 117Cilazapril 183Baclofen 120Cimetidine 184Balsalazide sodium 122Cinnarizine 186Beclometasone dipropionate 122Ciprofloxacin 187Bendroflumethiazide 123Citalopram 189Betahistine dihydrochloride 125Clarithromycin 191Betaine 126Clindamycin 193Betamethasone 128Clobazam 195Bethanechol chloride 129Clomipramine hydrochloride 196Bexarotene 130Clonazepam 198Bezafibrate 131Clonidine hydrochloride 200Bicalutamide 133Clopidogrel 201Bisacodyl 134Clozapine 204Bisoprolol fumarate 135Co-amilofruse 205Bromocriptine 137Co-amilozide 207Budesonide 139Co-amoxiclav 208Bumetanide 140Co-codamol 210Busulfan 141Co-fluampicil 212Cabergoline 143Co-flumactone 213Caffeine citrate 144Codeine phosphate 214Calcium folinate (Calcium leucovorin) 146Colchicine 216Calcium salts 147Colecalciferol 217Calcium salts with vitamin D 150Colestyramine 218Candesartan cilexetil 152Co-magaldrox 220Captopril 154Co-phenotrope 221Carbamazepine 156Co-trimoxazole 222Carbimazole 158Cyclizine 224Carbocisteine 159Cyclophosphamide 226Carvedilol 161Dantron (Danthron) 228Cefalexin (Cephalexin) 162Dapsone 229Cefixime 164Deferasirox 231Cefradine (Cephradine) 166Deferiprone 232Cefuroxime 167Deflazacort 233Celecoxib 169Demeclocycline hydrochloride 234(Chlorpheniramine) maleate 176
ContentsviiDesloratadine 235Fexofenadine hydrochloride 305Desmopressin 236Finasteride 306Dexamethasone 239Flavoxate hydrochloride 307Dexibuprofen 241Flecainide acetate 309Diazepam 241Flucloxacillin 310Diazoxide 244Fluconazole 312Diclofenac 245Fludrocortisone acetate 314Fluoxetine 315248Flupentixol (Flupenthixol) 317Digoxin 249Flutamide 319Dihydrocodeine tartrate 251Fluvastatin 320Diltiazem hydrochloride 252Fluvoxamine maleate 322Dipyridamole 255Folic acid 323Disodium etidronate 258Fosamprenavir 324Docusate sodium 259Fosinopril sodium 325Domperidone 261Frovatriptan 326Donepezil hydrochloride 263Furosemide (Frusemide) 327Dosulepin (Dothiepin) hydrochloride 264Gabapentin 330Doxazosin mesilate 266Galantamine 332Doxepin 268Ganciclovir 334Doxycycline 270Glibenclamide 335Duloxetine hydrochloride 272Gliclazide 336Efavirenz 274Glimepiride 338Eletriptan 276Glipizide 339Enalapril maleate 277Glyceryl trinitrate 341Entacapone 279Glycopyrronium bromide 342Eprosartan 280Granisetron 343Ergocalciferol 282Griseofulvin 345Erythromycin 283Haloperidol 347Escitalopram 285Hydralazine hydrochloride 349Esomeprazole 286Hydrocortisone 350Ethambutol hydrochloride 289Hydromorphone hydrochloride 352Ethinylestradiol 290Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea) 353Ethosuximide 291Hydroxyzine hydrochloride 354Etodolac 293Hyoscine butylbromide 355Etoposide 294Hyoscine hydrobromide 357Etoricoxib 295Ibandronic acid 358Ezetimibe 297Ibuprofen 359Famciclovir 299Imipramine hydrochloride 361Famotidine 300Indapamide 363Felodipine 301Indometacin (Indomethacin) 364Fentanyl 302Indoramin 365Fesoterodine fumarate 304Inositol nicotinate 367Dicycloverine(Dicyclomine) h ydrochloride
viiiContentsIrbesartan 368Medroxyprogesterone acetate 435Iron preparations 370Mefenamic acid 436Isoniazid 373Megestrol acetate 437Isosorbide dinitrate 374Melatonin 438Isosorbide mononitrate 375Meloxicam 439Ispaghula husk 377Memantine hydrochloride 440Isradipine 378Menadiol sodium phosphateItraconazole 379Ketamine 381Meptazinol 442Ketoconazole 382Mercaptamine 443Ketoprofen 384Mercaptopurine 444Ketorolac trometamol 385Mesalazine 445Labetalol hydrochloride 387Mesna 447Lacidipine 388Mesterolone 448Lacosamide 389Metformin hydrochloride 449Lactulose 390Methadone hydrochloride 451Lamivudine 392Methenamine hippurateLamotrigine 394Lansoprazole 395Methotrexate 453Leflunomide 397Methyldopa 455Lercanidipine hydrochloride 399Methylprednisolone 456Levetiracetam 400Metoclopramide hydrochloride 457Levocetirizine hydrochloride 402Metolazone 459Levodopa 403Metoprolol tartrate 460Levofloxacin 406Metronidazole 462Metyrapone 465408Mexiletine hydrochloride 466Levothyroxine sodium 410Midazolam 467Linezolid 412Minoxidil 469Lisinopril 413Mirtazapine 470Lithium 416Misoprostol 472Lofepramine 417Mizolastine 473Loperamide hydrochloride 419Moclobemide 474Lopinavir with ritonavir 420Modafinil 475Loratadine 421Moexipril hydrochloride 476Lorazepam 423Montelukast 477Losartan potassium 424Morphine sulfate 479Macrogols 427Moxonidine 482Magnesium preparations 428Multivitamin preparations 483Maraviroc 430Mycophenolate mofetil 486Mebendazole 431Nabumetone 488Mebeverine hydrochloride 432Nadolol 489Mecysteine 434Naftidrofuryl oxalate 490Levomepromazine(Methotrimeprazine) (Vitamin K) (Hexamine hippurate) 441452
ContentsixNaproxen 492Piroxicam 557Naratriptan 493Pizotifen 559Nebivolol 494Polystyrene sulfonate resins 560Nefopam hydrochloride 495Posaconazole 561Neomycin sulfate 496Potassium chloride 562Neostigmine 498Pravastatin sodium 564Nevirapine 499Prazosin 565Nicardipine hydrochloride 500Prednisolone 567Nicorandil 501Pregabalin 568Nifedipine 503Primidone 569Nimodipine 505Prochlorperazine 571Nitrazepam 506Procyclidine hydrochloride 573Nitrofurantoin 508Promethazine hydrochloride 574Nizatidine 509Propranolol hydrochloride 576Norethisterone 510Pyrazinamide 578Ofloxacin 512Pyridostigmine 579Olanzapine 513Pyridoxine hydrochloride 581Olmesartan medoxomil 515Pyrimethamine 582Olsalazine sodium 516Quinapril 583Omeprazole 518Rabeprazole sodium 584Ondansetron 520Ramipril 585Orlistat 522Ranitidine 587Orphenadrine hydrochloride 523Ranolazine 589Oseltamivir 525Reboxetine 590Oxazepam 528Rifabutin 591Oxcarbazepine 529Rifampicin 592Oxprenolol hydrochloride 531Rifaximin 594Oxybutynin hydrochloride 532Riluzole 595Oxycodone hydrochloride 534Risedronate sodium 596Oxytetracycline 536Risperidone 599Paliperidone 538Rivastigmine 601Pancreatin supplements 539Rizatriptan 602Pantoprazole 542Ropinirole 603Paracetamol 543Rosuvastatin 605Paroxetine 545Saquinavir 607Pentoxifylline (Oxpentifylline) 546Selegiline hydrochloride 608Perindopril erbumine 547Senna 609Phenelzine 548Sertraline 610Phenobarbital (Phenobarbitone) 549Sildenafil 612Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride 551Simvastatin 614Phenoxymethylpenicillin 552Sodium clodronate 616Phenytoin 553Sodium picosulfate 617Phosphates 556Sodium valproate 619
xContentsSotalol hydrochloride 622Trimethoprim 670Spironolactone 623Trimipramine 671Stavudine 625Ursodeoxycholic acid 673Sucralfate 627Valaciclovir 675Sulfasalazine 628Valsartan 677Sulpiride 630Vancomycin 678Sumatriptan 631Vardenafil 680Tacrolimus 634Varenicline 681Tamoxifen 636Venlafaxine 682Tamsulosin hydrochloride 637Verapamil hydrochloride 685Telithromycin 639Vigabatrin 687Telmisartan 640Vildagliptin 688Temazepam 641Vitamin B compoundTenofovir disoproxil 642Terbinafine 645Theophylline 646Thiamine hydrochloride 648Voriconazole 693Tiagabine 650Warfarin sodium 695Timolol maleate 651Xipamide 697Tipranavir 652Zafirlukast 698Tizanidine 654Zaleplon 699Tolbutamide 655Zidovudine 700Tolterodine tartrate 656Zinc sulfate 702Tolvaptan 658Zolmitriptan 703Topiramate 659Zolpidem tartrate 704Tramadol hydrochloride 660Zonisamide 705Trandolapril 663Zopiclone 707Tranexamic acid 664Zuclopenthixol 708Trazodone hydrochloride 665Trifluoperazine 667Index 711Trihexyphenidyl (Benzhexol)hydrochloride 668preparations 689Vitamin E(Alpha tocopheryl acetate) 691
ForewordThe need for this text has been highlighted within the British Pharmaceutical NutritionGroup (BPNG) and the British Association of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN)by healthcare professionals who are challenged on a daily basis by complex patientswhose need for medicines does not fit neatly into the categories used by the pharmaceutical industry as part of their process for licensing medicines. To provide the rightlevel of care for these patients, professionals have to make complex and rational decisions concerning medication, which may mean stepping outside the product licencefor the medication needed. As healthcare progresses and becomes more technical, suchdilemmas become more commonplace. We hope this book will assist healthcare professionals who have an input into either the patients’ medicines or their enteral nutritionto understand the necessary decision process they must enter into and how best tooptimise their patient care, thereby ensuring the desired outcomes to meet the patients’medical and personal needs.The data in the individual drug monographs is based on available evidence supplied by the drug companies, to whom we are very grateful for their support, and alsoon research undertaken by pharmacists.The production of this text has raised many questions concerning the data available relating to this method of medication administration; the BPNG will continue tosupport research in this growing area of practice.Thanks are due to all the healthcare professionals who have given their time andexpertise to ensure the practical applicability of this book. Thanks must also go to Rebecca White who has led tirelessly on this project and undertaken much of the research to produce this comprehensive guide to drugs and enteral feeding tubes.Vicky BradnamPharmaceutical Consultant
PrefaceThe initiative to prepare these guidelines was taken by the British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group (BPNG) with the support of the British Association of Enteral andParenteral Nutrition (BAPEN).This book reflects current practice and the information available at the time ofgoing to press. Although the authors have made every effort to ensure that the information contained in this reference is correct, no responsibility can be accepted for anyerrors.It is important to note that owing to the method of administration concerned,most of the recommendations and suggestions in this reference fall outside of the termsof the product licence for the drugs concerned. It must be borne in mind that any prescriber and practitioner administering a drug outside of the terms of its product licenceaccepts liability for any adverse effects experienced by the patient.Readers outside the United Kingdom are reminded to take into account local andnational differences in clinical practice, legal requirements, and possible formulationdifferences.All enquiries should be addressed to:Rebecca White at pharmpresseditorial@rpharms.com
About the authorsThe British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group, founded in 1988, is an organisation witha professional interest in nutrition support. The members of this group are pharmacists,technicians and scientists from the health service, academia and industry. The aims ofthe group are to promote the role of pharmaceutical expertise and experience in thearea of clinical nutrition and to ensure the safe and effective preparation and administration of parenteral nutrition through effective education and research initiatives, andto encourage debate into pharmaceutical aspects of nutritional support.Rebecca White studied at Aston University, Birmingham, and qualified as a pharmacist in 1994. Experience in aseptic services, intensive care and nutrition support wasgained through working at Central Middlesex Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital andUCLH over a period of 10 years in London, qualifying as a non-medical prescriber in2004. During this time Rebecca also com
Handbook of Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tubes THIRD EDITION Rebecca White BSc (Hons) MSc MRPharmS (I Presc) FFRPS Medical Advisor, Baxter Healthcare Ltd Compton, UK Vicky Bradnam BPharm (Hons) ClinDip MBA Open MRPharmS Pharmaceutical Consultant, Kent, UK On behalf of the British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group. Published by Pharmaceutical Press 1 Lambeth High File Size: 4MBPage Count: 753
