ADS-B Introduction / Tutorial - ICAO PDF Free Download

1y ago

15 Views

1 Downloads

2.29 MB

61 Pages

Report/dmca

Download PDF

Transcription

ADS-B Introduction / TutorialAPANPIRG ADS-B TASK FORCE SEMINARNadi , FijiGreg DunstoneTechnology DevelopmentAirservices Australia1Template Last Updated: 24 February 2005 Airservices Australia

Introduction & Overview Dependent Surveillance conceptsSome benefitsHOW ADS-B worksADS-B Links & ICAODetails of ModeS & ADS-BADS-B fitmentSynergy with multilaterationRegional ADS-B plansDiscussion2 Airservices Australia

Procedural ATC(Dependent “Surveillance”) Pilots report their position––––Using a voice channel (HF, VHF)Slow, cumbersomeExposed to human errorBroadcast : Everyone “on frequency” hears it Procedures and standards maintain safety A form of dependant surveillance– We rely on the pilot/aircraft navigation capability3 Airservices Australia

Primary Radar Surveillance(Independent) Radar measures position of aircraft– in range & azimuth Moderate update, accurate– Allows smaller separation stds Detects non co-operative targets Typically used in busy terminal areas4 Airservices Australia

Secondary Radar Surveillance(Co-operative) Radar measures position of aircraft– in range & azimuth– but relies on cooperation of aircraft to reply High update, more accurate Allows addition of Safety alerts Depends on transponder to downlink altitude– Altitude data is “dependent” surveillance– datalink has no error check “SSR only” typically used enroute Airservices Australia5

Automatic Dependent SurveillanceThe aircraft measures its own positionÉAutomaticÉ no pilot input requiredÉ No interrogation from groundÉDependentÉ extremely accurate position andvelocity vector from aircraft (egGPS)ÉSurveillanceÉ aircraft position, altitude,velocity vector, . . . Airservices Australia6

ADS-C(Contract) FANS1/A Equipment in “big” aircraft– Expensive avionics Uses satellite and VHF datalinks Provides automatic, accurate routine reports– Slow update rate in minutes (eg: every 14 minutes)– Allows exception reporting & supports safety alerts– Reports are invisible to other aircraft ATC system defines update message rateSITA / ARINC.7 Airservices Australia

ADS-B (Broadcast)Typicallybroadcast 2/second Provides automatic, accurateroutine reports– High update rate (eg:every 0.5 seconds)– Reports are visible toother aircraft Rate determined by avionics Line of sight coverage– No satellite8 Airservices Australia

Benefits of Surveillance Safety––––ATC situational awarenessATC safety netsSARFIR boundary safety Operational flexibility benefit–––––Higher air traffic throughputHigher Probability of clearance requestsOptimum route/ levelStrategic enabler for User preferred routeEfficiency – smaller separation standards Operational control/ fleet management10 Airservices Australia

ADS-B BenefitsRadar-like separation standards will applyProcedural separationProcedural separation11 Airservices Australia

ADS-B BenefitsRadar-like separation standards will applyADS-B equipped aircraft will be subject to reduced separationstandards, allowing more aircraft to operate at optimum levels.12 Airservices Australia

ADS-B Potential BenefitsCollision AvoidanceOceanicSurveillanceATC in non-radarenvironmentReplace radarSurface surveillancerunway incursionavoidanceADS-BEnablesCollaborative decisionmakingSustain VisualRunway capacitiesRamp ManagementEnhances pilotsituational awareness13 Airservices Australia

At a low price compared to radarADS-B ground stations are simple and economicalADS-B 100K- 400K USDRADAR 1M - 4M USDCost ComparisonMaintenancePowerSite spaceBuildingRoadEnvironmentalRotating machinery14 Airservices Australia

How ADS-B WorksAn aircraft with ADS-Bcapability determines itsposition using GPS.16 Airservices Australia

How ADS-B WorksAn aircraft with ADS-Bcapability determines itsposition using GPS.The Mode S transponderthen broadcasts thatposition at rapid intervals,along with identity,altitude and velocityinformation.Dedicated ADS-B groundstations can receive thebroadcasts and relay theinformation to air trafficcontrol for precisetracking of the aircraft.Other proximate aircraftcan also receive thebroadcasts.17 Airservices Australia

ADS-B “OUT”GPS POSITIONGPS POSITIONPOSITION, ALTITUDE, IDENTITY(CALLSIGN),VELOCITY VECTOR, VERTICAL RATEAir-Ground SurveillanceTypically twobroadcasts / secondADS-B Ground Station18 Airservices Australia

ADS-B “IN”Transmissions definedin ICAO standardsEnhanced “See & Avoid”Air-Air SurveillanceTraffic Displayed on MFD or PDA19 Airservices Australia

ADS-B FunctionsAPPLICATIONS supported by ADS-BADS-B core applicationsOptional/AncillaryATC Surveillance Airborne surveillance- Separation- Safety nets- Traffic info- Cockpit display (CDTI)- In trail climb- Delegated separationBroadcast services- TIS (Traffic Info Service)- FIS (Flight info service)International “standardised” DATALINKSVDL Mode 4ModeSUAT1090 MhzExtended SquitterGround systems21 Airservices Australia

Worldwide Consensus to use1090ES datalink as initial link Has allowed Industry and ATC providers to invest– At last!– End of prolonged link decision debate is extremelywelcome to our customers because they can start toget benefits– Airlines ARE equipping22 Airservices Australia

Anc11 Support Mode S for near term23 Airservices Australia

Worldwide ADS-B link status FAA has chosen Mode S for Air Transport aircraft and UAT for“low end GA” Eurocontrol has supported Mode S as the interoperable link for thenear term. Europe expects an additional link to be required. Eurocontrol and FAA are co-operating in Requirements FocusGroup (RFG) developing application descriptions and otherdocumentation.– Independent of link– Expectation is to deliver this to ICAO24 Airservices Australia

ICAO PANELS OPLINK :– Has developed an ADS-B Conops - Endorsed by ANC11– Has developed PANS ATM changes SASP : Is developing 5Nm Separation standards SCRSP : Continues to refine ModeS standards ACP : Has defined VDL Mode4 and is developing UATstandards25 Airservices Australia

SSR backgroundAIRCRAFT1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulses (P1,P2,P3)ModeA, C interrogations1030 ReceiverModeA, C replies1090 Transmitter 1090Mhz reply messages 12 pulses(no error detection)27 Airservices Australia

MODE S backgroundModeA, C interrogations1030 Receiver1030Mhz register requests (phaseencoded messages)ModeA, C replies1090 Transmitter1090Mhz reply messages(pulse position modulatedwith error detection)Readout :“Registers”28 Airservices Australia

TCAS background1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulses1030 ReceiverTransmit DF111090Mhz reply pulses1090 TransmitterReceive ModeC repliesReceive DF11Receive DF01030Mhz register requests (phaseencoded messages)1090 Receiver1030 Transmitter1090Mhz reply messages(pulse position modulatedwith error detection)TCAS LOGIC& DisplayMode C interrogateMode S interrogate (UF0)29 Airservices Australia

Enhanced & Elementary SurveillanceDATA to FILL the REGISTERS1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulsesCallsign panel1030 Receiver1030Mhz register requests (phaseencoded messages)1090Mhz reply pulsesGPS ReceiverFMS1090 Transmitter1090Mhz reply messages(pulse position modulatedwith error detection)Air DataComputerReadout :CallsignBank angleSelected levelAirspeedHeading30 Airservices Australia

ADS-B background1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulsesGPS Receiver1030 ReceiverTRANSMITDF17/18 ADS-B1090Mhz reply pulses1090 TransmitterReceiveDF17,DF18ADS-B& display1030Mhz register requests (phaseencoded messages)1090 Receiver1030 Transmitter1090Mhz reply messages(pulse position modulatedwith error detection)TCAS LOGIC& DisplayMode C interrogateother aircraft & Mode S encounter31 Airservices Australia

ADS-B simplifiedGPS ReceiverADS-B DF17/181090 TransmitterOPTIONALReceiver ADS-B1090 ReceiverDisplay32 Airservices Australia

Mode S Transponder & ADS-BTCAS24 bit code DF11 acquisition squit(TCAS : Here I am)CONTROL24 bit AIRCRAFTADDRESSPARITYADS-BPOSITION, ALTITUDE, IDENTITY(CALLSIGN),VELOCITY VECTOR, VERTICAL RATECONTROL24 bit AIRCRAFTADDRESSADS-B MESSAGE56 BitsPARITY33 Airservices Australia

Airframes detected this yearIN MalaysiaICAOChinaAustralia140Number of Airframes120100806040200(no data)MarchAprilMayJune Airservices AustraliaJulyAugust35

ADS-B DemonstrationSingapore Oct 2004ADS-B antenna circledOvernight Recording13 October 200436 Airservices Australia

ADS-B Aircraft in USAFOUR US SITES HAVE BEEN MONITORING ADS-B SINCE OCTOBER 2004SUMMARY OF ADS-B RECORDED SITE ACTIVITYAirframesLocationDaysADS-BMode-S% ADSBWhittier, CA1511906346365.50%Longmont, CO18820171413314.27%College Station, TX18914781387610.65%Alexandria, VA1772537347527.30%From October 2004 to the end of April 2005, a total of 3,154 different ADS-Bequipped aircraft have been tracked by these four US ground stations37 Airservices Australia

Q: Why are aircraft equipping ?A : Mode S Transponder Mandate in EuropeEuropean ElementaryExtended 2007& Enhanced Surveillance Mandatory 3/2005Transponder vendors included ADS-Bat the same time Although a GPS/ MMR is required for ADS-BAdobe AcrobatDocumentDFS MandatePara 2.9Refers to ADS-B38 Airservices Australia

ADS-B Class B (ADS-B Out) Avionics ArchitectureTCASBaseline in Passengerconfiguration. May need to be upgraded toChange 7 to be compatible with upgradedTransponderExisting UnitsTransponder/TCASControl Panel & CablesReplace ifrequired forFlight IDNew AdditionsCall Sign ?ADS-BOUTPosition,Velocity, .Mode S TransponderAltitudeGNSS/GPSAir Data ComputerUpgrade To IncludeADS-B FunctionalityControl PanelAdapted from aFedEx presentation39 Airservices Australia

Airliner Mod Kit for “ADS-B out”TransponderSoftwareGPS data busAdapted from a FedExpresentationDon’t need cockpit displays for ADS-B out40 Airservices Australia

Smaller Aircraft Equipment are being developed Development of ADS-B capability in transponders– Low cost, size and weight eg Microair : Bundaberg Queensland eg Avionics AustralAsia :Brisbane Queensland eg Filser & Becker : Germany eg Honeywell & Garmin : USAAirservices AustraliaRequest for Proposalcloses soon41 Airservices Australia

Toulouse France Ground station42 Airservices Australia

Airbus A380 with ADS-B43 Airservices Australia

Multilaterationsignals Principle : Triangulation from multiple sites Use Mode A/C SSR on 1090 Mhz (A/c without mode S)- Need interrogation to trigger transponder Use Mode S squitters on 1090 Mhz (A/c without ADS-B Use ADS-B squittersMULTILAT and ADS-BGROUND STATION(s)DF11DF17 or DF18LOW NOISEAMPLIFIERSIGNALPROCESSORCOMPUTERRF45 Airservices Australia

Multi-lateration systems Airport surveillance multilateration systems use 1090Mhzreceivers and decodersMULTILAT and ADS-BGROUND STATION(s)GROUND STATIONLOW NOISEAMPLIFIERSIGNALPROCESSORCOMPUTERRF All commercial vendors offerADS-B outputs from multilateration base stationsTOA&ADS-BMessageGROUND STATIONRFLOW ageMULTI-LATPROCESSGROUND STATIONRFLOW ageADS-B MESSAGES &MULTILAT MESSAGES TO ATC46 Airservices Australia

ADS-B PLANS IN EUROPEECAC/EUROCONTROL ATM 2000 and EATMPToday’s Surveillance InfrastructureDual-redundantSSR in all mediumand high densityairspacePSRMajor DensityContinentalHigh-DensitySingle SSR coverageFuture SurveillanceInfrastructure in 2010 PSRMajor TMAsADS-CSSRMode SSSRASDE UROCONTROL Data Airservices AustraliaMultilateration atmajor airportsADS-B for allairspace48

FAA ATO Executive (JRC) has decided ! ADS-B is the preferred surveillance technology– Over radar and multilateration Initial Investment Decision (2A)– To setup up ADS-B organisation (in 30 days)– To prepare NPRM for ADS-B mandate ( 6 months)4 Dependent on Airspace4 Using ModeS 1090 ES for air transport (DO260A)4 Forward fit in 2008, retrofit 2012/2014– No funding yet – next fiscal Envisage decommissioning– 300 SSR radars– PRMs and– SMR primary radars49 Airservices Australia

Many hurdles along the way! ADS-B cuts across traditional FAA organisationalstructure– Oceanic, enroute, terminal, surface– Internal opposition Radar manufacturers can be expected to fight incongress50 Airservices Australia

ADS-B Policy Issues Do we stay a “Radar- Centric” NAS for the next60 years? What constitutes an adequate back-up to ADSB? As an avionics dependent program – whatmodel of user equipage will be the mosteffective – enabling realization of benefitsFederal AviationAdministration51

ADS-B Airspace MandatesFederal AviationAdministration52

ADS-B Impact on Future SurveillanceCostSurveillanceW/ADS-BCostF&E Cost Comparisionof Legacy Systemsvs. ADS-B ( M) (F&E)O&M Cost Comparison of Legacy Systems vs. ADS-BSurveillanceW/ADS-BCost ( M) (O&M)(BY05)(BY05) 400 400 400 400Surveillance with ADS-BSurveillance with ADS-BLegacy SurveillanceLegacy Surveillance 300 300C o s t ( M )Cost ( M) 300 300 200 200 200 200 100 100 100 100 0 020052005 0 02010201020152015202020202025 20302030 2035 ar20252025Year203020302035203520402040Surveillance With ADS-B Investment 4.14B F&E/ 4.43B O&MNAS Savings 2.8B F&E/ 1.33B O&MFE D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O NDATE June 23, 05*****DRAFT MATERIAL ****53

Regional plans Hong Kong : Surface movement application Australia: Non radar application over continent China: Western China possible surveillance Singapore : Surface movement application Indonesia : Radar alternative. Announced 15 site program Japan: Support radar performance India: Infill radar coverage holes New Zealand : Possible infill @ Queenstown. Maybe multilat instead Fiji: Considering ATC surveillance (no radars today) Mongolia: VDL4 trials already. 1090ES trial starting Pacific Island states : Potential for surveillance54 Airservices Australia

Its time to deploy “ADS-B out”Time for talking aboutADS-B links is overIts time to getthe benefits forcustomers.55 Airservices Australia

DiscussionMore details on Airservices ntre/projects/adsb/adsb.htmContact me :Greg Dunstone 56 Airservices Australia

Issues with UAT US ADS-B link policy 1090MHz for international operations & if operate above 18,000 feet UAT for aircraft that only operate below 18,000 feet No aircraft to aircraft between UAT and 1090 aircraft unless an aircraft fits both systems US propose ground system receiving on one link and rebroadcasting on the other link only emulates air to air while both are in coverage of ground stations more expensive – 2 receivers, 2 transmitters & a server, vs 1 receiver57 Airservices Australia

Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B)TIS-B Receiver & DisplayTISBROADCASTRADARDIFFERENT ADS-B LINKSTANDARDTISTRANSMITTERA service provided by ground stations, broadcasting information relating to aircraftbased on surveillance carried out by ground systems, using ADS-B signals, formatsand protocols, compatible with ADS-B receiving equipment. Airservices AustraliaDraft ICAO ASAS Circular58

Standards for Mode S ICAO Æ Signals in Space– Annex 10 SARPS Amend 77 AVIONICS & TEST STANDARDS AVIONICS & TEST STANDARDS– RTCA4 ADS-B MASPS DO2424 ADS-B MOPS 1090 DO260& DO260A4 Mode S MOPS DO-181cinclude ADS-B– EUROCAE4 ED73 B Mode S MOPS4 ED102 ADS-B for 1090Mhz FORM/FIT STANDARDS FORM/FIT STANDARDS– AEEC4 ARINC 718A– EUROCAE4 ED86 FAA (Regulator)4 TSO C1124 TSO C116 JAA (Regulator) CASA (Regulator)44 ATSO C1004 ModeAC ADS B AirservicesAustralia4 ATSO C1005ADS-BaloneJTSO 2C11259

ICAO Annex 10 Amendment 7760 Airservices Australia

Questions ?More details on Airservices ntre/projects/adsb/adsb.htmContact me :Greg Dunstone 61 Airservices Australia

2 Airservices Australia Introduction & Overview Dependent Surveillance concepts Some benefits HOW ADS-B works ADS-B Links & ICAO