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Preliminary Proceedings of the4th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conferenceon Natural Working Fluids at PurdueEdited byEckhard A. Groll, Douglas M. RobinsonJoint Conference of the International Institute of RefrigerationSections B and ESponsored by the Ray W. Herrick LaboratoriesIn Cooperation with ASHRAEJuly 25-28, 2000Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USAPurdue University is an equal access, equal opportunity institution.UB/TIB Hannover122 07175189f "\VB/o
TABLE OF CONTENTSN-1: CO2 Studies on Various ApplicationsChairperson: A. Cavallini, Padova University, ItalyM. Branas, SINTEF, NORWAY; IEAs Annex 27; Selected Issues on CO2 as Working Fluid inCompression Systems1M. R. Richter, S. M. Song, J. M. Yin, M. H. Kim, C. W. Bullard, P. S. Hrnjak, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump for Residential Application.9S. Devotta, National Chemical Laboratory, INDIA; A. S. Padalkar, A.I.S.S.M.S. College ofEngineering, INDIA; S. N. Joshi, N. N. Sawant, National Chemical Laboratory, INDIA; N. K.Sane, Walchand College of Engineering, INDIA; Comparative Assessment ofCO2 for WindowAir-Conditioners17I. B. Vaisman, Mobile Climate Control Inc., CANADA; Thermodynamic Analysis of CarbonDioxide Cycles25D. M. Robinson, E. A. Groll, Purdue University, USA; Introducing ACCO2—A Public DomainAir-to-Air Simulation Model of the Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle33N-2: CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater Applications.Chairperson: W. Murphy, Paducah Community College, USAH. F. Halozan, R. Rieberer, Graz University of Technology, AUSTRIA; CO2 AsPossible ApplicationsRefrigerant43M. Saikawa, K. Hashimoto, The Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, JAPAN;T. Kobayakawa, K. Kusakari, Tokyo Electric Power Company, JAPAN; M. Ito, H. Sakakibara,DENSO Corporation, JAPAN; Development of Prototype ofCO2 Heat Pump Water Heater forResidential Use51G. R. Zakeri, P. Neksa, H. Rekstad, NTNU-SINTEF Energy Research, NORWAY, K. LangRee, T. Olsen, Frostmann a.s., NORWAY; Results and Experiences With the First CommercialPilot Plant CO2Heat Pump Water Heater.59H. Mukaiyama, O. Kuwabara, K. Izaki, S. Ishigaki, T. Susai, Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., JAPAN;Experimental Results and Evaluation of Residential CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater.vu67
R. Rieberer, M. Gassier, H. Halozan, Graz University of Technology, AUSTRIA; Control ofCO2Heat Pumps75N-3: Military Applications of CO2 Heat PumpsChairperson: J. Manzione, U. S. Army, USAF. Calkins, CECOM RD&E Center, USA; R-22 Baseline Testing of the MIL-STD 36,000BTUhECU.83B. Cutler, Y. Hwang, L. Bogdanic, R. Radermacher, University of Maryland, USA; Developmentof A Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Environmental Control Unit91J. Pettersen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NORWAY; R. Rieberer, GrazUniversity of Technology, AUSTRIA; A. Leister, BEHR GmbH & Co., GERMANY; HeatTransfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Super-Critical Carbon Dioxide inMicroChannel Tubes Under Cooling99J. Pettersen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NORWAY; R. Rieberer, GrazUniversity of Technology, AUSTRIA; S. T. Munkejord, SINTEF Energy Research,NORWAY; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Evaporating CarbonDioxide in MicroChannel Tubes107M. S. Giannavola, R. Murphy, J. M. Yin, M. H. Kim, C. W. Bullard, P. S. Hrnjak, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Experimental Investigations of An Automotive HeatPump Prototype for Military, SUV and Compact Cars115D. Li, D. M. Robinson, E. A. Groll, Purdue University, USA; Performance of A CarbonDioxide-Based Environmental Control Unit (ECU) for the U.S. Army123N-4: Hydrocarbons I: System PerformanceChairperson: P. Novak, Energotech, Ltd., SLOVENIAD. Colbourne, Calor Gas Ltd., UNITED KINGDOM; K. O. Suen, University College London,UNITED KINGDOM; Assessment of Performance of Hydrocarbon Refrigerants133J.M. Corberan, J.F. Urchueguia, J. Gonzalvez, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SPAIN; M.Conde, Manuel Conde Eng., SWITZERLAND; T. Setaro, G. Boccardi, ENEA, ITALY; L.Sartori, A. Zorzin, Alfa Laval - Artec Spa, ITALY; E. Granryd, B. Palm, Kungl TekniskaHokskolan, SWEDEN; J. Saez, R. Recuerda, Cia Industrial de Aplicaciones Tecnicas S.A.,SPAIN; J. de Bias, E. Molinero, AEDIE, SPAIN; Development of a High Efficiency HeatPump Using Propane as the Refrigerant for Commercial Applications in Southern Europe141J. Philipp, W. E. Kraus, H. Quack, Technische Universitat Dresden, GERMANY; NumericalSimulation of Refrigeration Cycles with Capillary Tubes In On/OffCycling Modevm149
R. A. Peixoto, Instituto Maua de Tecnologia, BRAZIL; S. Epof, D. Parra, BS Continental SP,BRAZIL; Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Commercial Freezers UsingRefrigerant HC-600a159M. A. Hammad, R. Tarawnah, University of Jordan, JORDAN; Hydro Carbon RefrigerantsPerformance in an Air Conditioning Unit167N-5: CO2-Automobile AC and SafetyChairperson: V. D. Baxter, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USAA. Hafner, SESTTEF Energy Research, NORWAY; Experimental Study on Heat PumpOperation of Prototype CO2 Mobile Air Conditioning System177M. Preissner, B. Cutler, S. Singanamalla, Y. Hwang, R. Radermacher, University ofMaryland, USA; Comparison of Automotive Air-Conditioning Systems Operating WithCO2andR134A185T. Hirao, H. Mizukami, M. Takeuchi, M. Taniguchi, A. Yoshioka, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,Ltd., JAPAN; Development of Air Conditioning System Using CO2 for Automobile193B. Leisenheimer, T. Fritz, Eaton Corporation, GERMANY; Interaction between CO2 andElastomers with Respect to Permeation and Explosive Decompression201J. Pettersen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NORWAY; J. Hakenjos,Fachhochschule Karlssruhe, GERMANY; Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions(BLEVE) in CO2 Vessels: Initial Experiments209N-6: Hydrocarbons II: Compressors and Heat ExchangersChairperson: P. Domanski, NIST, USAM. Janssen, P. Beks, Re/genT BV, THE NETHERLANDS; Hermetic Compressor PerformanceEvaluation Applying A Zeotropic Hydrocarbon Blend Instead of CFC-12217J. M. Corberan, J. F. Urchueguia, I. Navarro, J. Gonzalvez, A. Calas, Universidad Politecnica deValencia, SPAIN; Performance of A Reciprocating Hermetic Refrigerant Compressor UsingPropane as Working Fluid.225T. Setaro, G. Boccardi, ENEA, ITALY; J. M. Corberan, J. F. Urchueguia, J. Gonzalvez,Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SPAIN; Comparative Study of Evaporation andCondensation of Propane and R22 in a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger and a Tube &Fins CoilIX233
X. H. Nan, C. A. Infante Ferreira, Delft University of Technology, THE NETHERLANDS;In-Tube Evaporation and Condensation of Natural Refrigerant R 290 (Propane)239S. Devotta, National Chemical Laboratory, INDIA; N. N. Sawant, National Institute of Standardsand Technology, USA; Life Testing of Hermetic Compressor with Various HydrocarbonGrades and Other Alternatives to CFC-12245N-7: CC 2-Heat TransferChairperson: D. Gorenflo, University Paderborn, GERMANYD. A. Olson, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA; Heat Transfer ofSupercritical Carbon Dioxide Flowing in a Cooled Horizontal Tube251S. S. Pitla, Visteon Climate Control Systems, USA; E. A. Groll, S. Ramadhyani, PurdueUniversity, USA; New Correlation for the Heat Transfer Coefficient During In-TubeCooling of Turbulent Supercritical Carbon Dioxide259A. Zingerli, University of Applied Science Buchs, SWITZERLAND; E. A. Groll, PurdueUniversity, USA; Influence of Refrigeration Oil on the Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop ofSupercritical CO2 During In-Tube Cooling269E. Hihara, S. Tanaka, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN; Boiling Heat Transfer of CarbonDioxide in Horizontal Tubes279T. Ortiz, E. A. Groll, Purdue University, USA; Steady-State Thermal Finite-Element Analysisof a MicroChannel CO2 Evaporator.285G. Skaugen, SINTEF Energy Research, NORWAY; Simulation of Extended Surface HeatExchangers Using CO\ as Refrigerant295S. S. Pitla, K. Bhatia, V. K. Khetarpal, G. Strikis, Visteon Climate Control Systems, USA;Numerical Heat Transfer Analysis in Heat Exchangers for Transcritical CO2 System307J.M. Yin, C. W. Bullard, P. S. Hrnjak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; DesignStrategies for R744 Gas Coolers315N-8: COjj-Compressors IChairperson: H. Halozan, Graz University of Technology, AUSTRIAM. Tadano, T. Ebara, A. Oda, T. Susai, K. Takizawa, H. Izaki, T. Komatsubara, Sanyo ElectricCo. Ltd., JAPAN; Development of the CO2Hermetic Compressor323
T. Yanagisawa, M. Fukuta, Shizuoka University, JAPAN; T. Sakai, H. Kato, DENSOCorporation, JAPAN; Basic Operating Characteristics of Reciprocating Compressor forCO2Cycle331M. Fukuta, Shizuoka University, JAPAN; R. Radermacher, D. Lindsay, University of Maryland,USA; T. Yanagisawa, Shizuoka University, JAPAN; Performance of Vane Compressor forCO2 Cycle339H. Hasegawa, M. Dcoma, F. Nishiwaki, H. Shintaku, Y. Yakumaru, Matsushita ElectricIndustrial Co., Ltd., JAPAN; Experimental and Theoretical Study of Hermetic CO2 ScrollCompressor347P. Neksa, ITEF/CNR, ITALY and University of Padova, ITALY; F. Dorin, Officine Mario DorinS.p.a., ITALY; H. Rekstad, A. Bredesen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology,NORWAY; Development of Two-Stage Semi-Hermetic CO2 Compressors355N-9: Hydrocarbons III: Policy, Retrofit, and SafetyChairperson: To be ConfirmedE. Dijkstra, Ecozone Network for Climate Safe Cooling, THE NETHERLANDS; The Leaks Inthe Basket CFC-Chain Research in the Netherlands363L. Powell, P. Blacklock, C. Smith, D. Colbourne, Calor Gas Ltd, UNITED KINGDOM; TheUse of Hydrocarbon Refrigerants in Relation to Draft UK Government Policy on ClimateChange371R.S. Agarwal, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, INDIA; Hydrocarbon Blend as RetrofitRefrigerant for Domestic Refrigerators.379D. Colbourne, Calor Gas Ltd., UNITED KINGDOM; D. Butler, BRE Garston, UNITEDKINGDOM; Dispersion of Flammable Refrigerants From Split Air-Conditioners387D. Colbourne, T.J. Ritter, Calor Gas Ltd., UNITED KINGDOM; Compatibility ofNon-Metallic Materials with Hydrocarbon Refrigerant and Lubricant Mixtures395N-10: CO2 Compressors II, Lubrication, and Expansion DevicesChairperson: E. Groll, Purdue University, USAS. S. Pitla, Y. Huang, L. Sud, D. Herder, V. K. Khetarpal, Visteon Automotive Systems,USA; A Test Stand and Performance of a Compressor for the Transcritical CarbonDioxide CycleXI401
H. Li, T. E. Rajewski, CPI Engineering Services, Inc., USA; Experimental Study of LubricantCandidates for the CO2 Refrigeration System409C. Seeton, Spauschus Associates, Inc., USA; J. Fahl, Fuchs DEA Schmierstoffe GmbH,GERMANY; D. Henderson, Spauschus Associates, Inc., USA; Solubility, Viscosity,Boundary Lubrication and Miscibility of CO2 and Synthetic Lubricants417R. Heidelck, H. Kruse, University of Hannover, GERMANY; Expansion Machines for CarbonDioxide Based on Modified Reciprocating Machines425D. Li, J. S. Baek, E. A. Groll, P. B. Lawless, Purdue University, USA; Thermodynamic Analysisof Vortex Tube and Work Output Expansion Devices for the Transcritical Carbon DioxideCycle433N-11: Gas CyclesChairperson: To be confirmedH. Sekiya, I. Okamoto, I. Nakazaki, E. Fukuda, T. Inoue, T. Komatsubara, Sanyo Electric Co.Ltd., JAPAN; Development of a 300 W Class Stirling Cooler for Ultra-Low TemperatureUse and Its Application441B. L. Minner, L. G. Mongeau, J. E. Braun, Purdue University, USA; ExperimentalInvestigation of a Thermoacoustic Cooler Prototype447N. P. Halm, M. Schmitz, M. Pratsch, H. Kruse, FKW GmbH, GERMANY; Air-CycleTechnology Used for Truck Air-Conditioning457A. Takushima, R. Inoshiri, T. Okada, Sharp Corporation, JAPAN; Condensation Performanceof Air-Cycle Dryer System465P. K. Bansal, The University of Auckland, NEW ZEALAND; J. E. Braun, E. A. Groll, PurdueUniversity, USA; The Energy Requirements of Conventional Tumbler Clothes DryingSystems473N-12: Sorption SystemsChairperson: R. Radermacher, University of Maryland, USAA. Cavallini, E. Fomasieri, C. Zilio, G. A. Longo, Universita de Padova, ITALY; ExperimentalInvestigation of Heat and Mass Transfer in LiBr Water Falling Film Absorption481R. M. Lazzarin, G. A. Longo, A. Gasparella, Universita de Padova, ITALY; Analysis of AnAbsorption Chiller Driven By the Heat Recovery On An I.C. Engine489R. Sikorska-Baczek, K. Maczek, Cracow University of Technology, POLAND; ExergyLosses of Two Stage Absorption Refrigerating System Calculations and Charts497xii
T. Hara, S.Wu, K. Motegi, M. Nakano, Nippon Institute of Technology, JAPAN; AnExperimental Investigation on Evaporative Cooling with Self-Supplied Water.505N-13: Secondary Loop RefrigerationChairperson: To be confirmedJ. W. Meewisse, C. A. Infante Ferreira, Delft University of Technology, THENETHERLANDS; Optimal Properties of Ice Slurries in Secondary Cooling Systems513E. N. Jensen, K. G. Christensen, T. M. Hansen, P. Schneider, M. Kauffeld, DanishTechnological Institute, DENMARK; Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer with Ice Slurry521W. T. Horton, E. A. Groll, Purdue University, USA; Modeling of Secondary LoopRefrigeration Systems for Medium Temperature Supermarket Applications529N-14: Ammonia and Water as the RefrigerantChairperson: K. Anderson, IIAR, USAN. Nakagawa, M. Kurachi, A. Nozue, Matsushita Refrigeration Company, JAPAN; T. Koezuka,Y. Sakai, Iwatani International Corporation, JAPAN; Research of Ammonia/Propane BinaryMixtures537A. D. Litch, P. S. Hmjak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Low Charge(20g/kW) Air Cooled Ammonia Chiller with Aluminum MicroChannel Condenser.543N. P. Halm, H. Kruse, FKW GmbH, GERMANY; Development of Hermetic Ammonia BrineChillers of Small Capacity for Use in Commercial Refrigeration551K. Ito, K. Mineura, C. Yoshikawa, Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd., JAPAN; Development ofAmmonia-Ethane Cascade Cooling System For Recycling Used Tires and Plastics561S. V. Pedersen, L. Rasmussen, Danish Technological Institute, DENMARK; Solar EnergyAssisted Water Compression Heat Pump System for the Heating of Single-Family Houses567K. Ozaki, A. Yabe, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, JAPAN; Evaporationand Growth of Water Particles in Two-Phase Steam Compression Process575Xlll
L. Powell, P. Blacklock, C. Smith, D. Colbourne, Calor Gas Ltd, UNITED KINGDOM; The Use of Hydrocarbon Refrigerants in Relation to Draft UK Government Policy on Climate Change 371 R.S. Agarwal, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, INDIA; Hydrocarbon Blend as Retrofit Refrigerant for Domestic Refrigerators. 379
