Viscosity And Viscosity Modifiers - For The Fuel And . PDF Free Download

2y ago

65 Views

1 Downloads

1.36 MB

37 Pages

Report/dmca

Download PDF

Transcription

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity and Viscosity ModifiersInfineumInsight.com/Learn INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.1

Performance you can rely on.Balance of Additives, VM and Base Oil‘Finished Oil’Base OilViscosity Modifier& flow improverLubricantCommerciallyavailable product INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.2Additive Package60-90%5-15%5-25%

Performance you can rely on.Agenda01Origins of viscosity02Understand why we use viscosity modifiersand how they work03Learn how oils are classified as multigradeunder SAE J300 INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.4

Performance you can rely on.What is Viscosity? ‘Thickness’ of a fluid Resistance to flow of a fluid Temperature dependent Viscosity shear stressAREA A INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.6shear rate(Newton’s Law)

Performance you can rely on.What is Viscosity?Two key types of viscosity:DELETE THIS AND PLACE VIDEO HEREDynamic viscosityKinematic viscosity Measured under low sheari.e. gravity mm2/s or cSt Measured under high shearenvironmentsmPa s or cP INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.7

Performance you can rely on.Molecular Origins of ViscosityFlow directionMolecules interactwith each otherMolecules interactwith surfaceThe interacting forces between the layers of moleculescreates resistance to flow, giving rise to viscosity INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.9

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity Index300Kinematic Viscosity (mm 2/s)25000 VIVI200100 VI150100Same at 100ºC120 VIVI12050030405060708090100110Temperature ( C)Viscosity Index (VI) defines the viscosity relationship with temperature: Low VI oils viscosity change significantly with temperature High VI oils viscosity changes much less with temperature INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.10

Performance you can rely on.What is the Optimal Viscosity?I CurveIIStribeckIIIBoundaryFriction coefficientMixedHydrodynamicRight ViscosityToo ThickBoundary INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.11Log (speed)Too ThinMixedHydrodynamic

Performance you can rely on.What is the Optimal Viscosity?I CurveIIStribeckIIICatastrophic wearBoundaryFriction coefficientMixedRight ViscosityToo ThickBoundary INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.12HydrodynamicViscous dragenergy lossesLog (speed)Too ThinMixedHydrodynamic

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity ModifiersViscosity Modifiers (VM)are used to reduce influenceof temperature on theviscosity of lubricants Also known as Viscosity IndexImprovers INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.14Used in majority ofengine oils and manytransmission oils

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity Modifiers Polymeric in structure Occupy large volumes insolution Increase viscosity proportionally to thevolume that the polymer occupies Volume of Viscosity Modifier in solutionis dependent on medium it is in,temperature and pressureMany factors will affect how much volume the polymeroccupies in space, and therefore how much viscosity itadds INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.15

Performance you can rely on.Function of Viscosity ModifiersLog (viscosity)Too thickOil ASAE 30Oil BSAE 5WToo thinCold StartingTemperatureEngine operationBase oil viscosity has strong temperature dependence INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.16

Performance you can rely on.Function of Viscosity ModifiersLog (viscosity)Too thickOil B VM SAE 5W-30Just RightOil ASAE 30Oil BSAE 5WToo thinCold StartingTemperatureEngine operationAdding VM reduces temperature dependence, givingprotection at higher temperatures, whilst beingpumpable at lower temperatures INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.17

Performance you can rely on.Shear-ThinningTemporary & Permanent Viscosity LossStationary polymer coilin oil pture of coilunder shear forcesOrientation of coilunder shear forcesSmaller crosssection gives lessthickening whichequals lowerviscosityTemporary Viscosity LossLower molecularweight gives lessthickening whichequals lowerviscosityPermanent Viscosity LossApplied shear force INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.20

Performance you can rely on.Shear Stability Index (SSI)Shear Stability Index (SSI)measure of permanent lossof viscosity due to addedpolymer 30 cycles in Kurt Orbahnshear test SSI usually measured ina reference oil thatrepresents polymerbehavior in SAE 15W-40grade INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.21The higher the SSI themore permanent viscosityloss upon oil shearingSSI depends on polymerchemistry, moleculargeometry and molecularweight Larger polymers havea greater chance ofexperiencingpermanent viscosityloss

Performance you can rely on.Typical Shear RatesValve train2520Viscosity, mPa-sPiston ringsOil pumpJournal 105106107Shear Rate, sec-1There are different shear environments within the engine INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.22Non-ReversibleShear-Thinning

Performance you can rely on.Shear Rate and Shear-thinning15Low shear viscosityof engine oil,eg pouring oilViscosity (mPa-s)Temporaryviscosity loss10VMThickeningHigh shear viscosityof engine oil.eg Ring Zone,Bearings, Valve TrainShear RateOther additives5Base Stocks0102103104105106107Shear Rate (sec-1)Every VM experiences temporary viscosity lossin the oil INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.23

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity Modifier ChemistryEthylene-PropyleneCo-polymer (OCP)Polymethacrylate:(PMA)oRo ooooRRPMAVM polymers can have different chemistries INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.24

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity Modifier ChemistryHydrogenatedStyrene-Diene:Linear PolymerDiblock HSDHydrogenatedStyrene-Diene:Star PolymerHSD linear polymers form flexible micelles in solution,whereas star polymers are permanent micelles INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.25

Performance you can rely on.Performance Comparison TE vs SSIHigher isbetterHydrogenated Styrene-DieneLinear PolymersHydrogenated Styrene-DieneStar PolymersFactors that need to beconsidered when selecting VM:Semi-CrystallineOCPThickening EfficiencyAmorphousOCP Cost to achieve requiredthickening (Cost vs. TE) Shear Thinning Properties Low Temperature Properties Other performanceharms/credits Soot handling Deposit control Oxidative stabilityPMA01020Lower isbetter INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.2630SSI405060Selection of appropriate VM isa balance of TE and SSI for yourapplication

Performance you can rely on.Pour Point DepressantsPour PointDepressantsBreak up regularityof wax crystals Commonly referredto as PPDs Prevent large crystalsheets from forming Also know as LubeOil Flow Improvers(LOFIs) Encourage smallcrystals - easier flow INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.28 Minimize lowtemperature viscosityTypes: Polymethacrylates(PMA) Fumarate Vinyl Acetates(FVA)

Performance you can rely on.Wax crystal modification by PPD Wax crystals can cause most PPDserious type of engine problem Engines can start but oil does notflow, leading to catastrophicengine failurePPDs are needed to stopwax crystals forming atlow temperatures INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.29

Performance you can rely on.Typical Shear RatesValve trainPiston rings25Oil pumpViscosity (mPa-s)20Journal 105Shear Rate (sec-1) INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.31106107Non-ReversibleShear-Thinning

Performance you can rely on.Viscosity Measurement MethodsHigh tempWear /Fuel economyOilconsumptionKVHTHSHigh shearLow shearMRVColdpumping INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.32CCSColdstartingLow temp

Performance you can rely on.SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity GradesSAEGradeCCSmPa-s, MaxMRVmPa-s, Maxw/ No YieldStress0W5W10W15W20W25W812162030404050606200 at -35 C6600 at -30 C7000 at -25 C7000 at -20 C9500 at -15 C13000 at -10 C–––––––––60 000 at -40 C60 000 at -35 C60 000 at -30 C60 000 at -25 C60 000 at -20 C60 000 at -15 C–––––––––(1) For 0W, 5W, 10W Multigrades – Changed from 2.9 in 11/2007INTERNATIONALLIMITEDMultigrades2019. All Rights Reserved.(2) INFINEUMFor 15W,20W, 25Wand SAE 40 Grade33KinematicViscositymm2/sMin .9–––––– 6.1 7.1 8.2 9.3 12.5 16.3 16.3 21.9 26.1HTHS@ 106 Sec-1mPa-s, 73.7

Performance you can rely on.SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity GradesCorrect SAE 10W-30Incorrect 10W-30 SAE 10W/30 SAE 10W30 SAE 10w-30 Labeling Must label as the lowest ‘W’ grade An oil that meets 5W also meets 10W,15W, etc. Oils with VM must be labeled as multigrades Care needs to be taken with CCS and HTHSlabelling as there’s overlap between the SAEgrades INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.34

Performance you can rely on.SummaryViscosity is ameasure of a fluid’sresistance to flowIt depends strongly ontemperatureViscosity modifiers inlubricants:Viscosity grades are definedby SAE J300Used to reduce the influence oftemperature on lubricant viscosity“Oils which are formulated withpolymeric viscosity indeximprovers for the purpose ofmaking them multiviscositygrade products are nonNewtonian and must be labelledwith the appropriatemultiviscosity grade ”Protect engine at highertemperatures, whilst allowing flowat cooler temperaturesChemical structure and molecularweight affect performance, whichis a careful balance of thickeningefficiency and shear stability indexOil formulators must considerwhich VM will be most appropriatefor their application INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.36Source: SAE J300

Performance you can rely on.PermissionsPermission is given for storage of one copy in electronic means for reference purposes. Further reproduction of any material isprohibited without prior written consent of Infineum International Limited.The information contained in this document is based upon data believed to be reliable at the time of going to press and relatesonly to the matters specifically mentioned in this document. Although Infineum has used reasonable skill and care in thepreparation of this information, in the absence of any overriding obligations arising under a specific contract, no representation,warranty (express or implied), or guarantee is made as to the suitability, accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information;nothing in this document shall reduce the user’s responsibility to satisfy itself as to the suitability, accuracy, reliability, andcompleteness of such information for its particular use; there is no warranty against intellectual property infringement; andInfineum shall not be liable for any loss, damage or injury that may occur from the use of this information other than death orpersonal injury caused by its negligence. No statement shall be construed as an endorsement of any product or process. Forgreater certainty, before use of information contained in this document, particularly if the product is used for a purpose or underconditions which are abnormal or not reasonably foreseeable, this information must be reviewed with the supplier of suchinformation.Links to third party websites from this document are provided solely for your convenience. Infineum does not control and is notresponsible for the content of those third party websites. If you decide to access any of those websites, you do so entirely at yourown risk. Please also refer to our Privacy Policy.INFINEUM, 润英联 and the interlocking ripple device are Trade Marks of Infineum International Limited. 2019 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved. INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved.37

SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Grades . 6200 at -35 C 6600 at -30 C 7000 at -25 C 7000 at -20 C 9500 at -15 C 13000 at -10 C – – – – – – – – – 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W 8 12. 16. 20 30 40 40 50 60. SAE Grade CCS mPa-s, Max – – – – – – 6.1 7.1 8.2 9.3 12.5 16.3 16.3 21.9 26.1 60 000 at -40 C 60 000 at -35 C 60 000 at -30 C 60 000 at -25 C 60 000 at .