Transcription
RelationshipsHow do bioticfactorsinfluenceeach other?
Ecological RelationshipsBiodiversity thenumber of species in anecosystemTerritory spaceclaimed by anindividual organismEcological Equilibrium state of “balance” in ment/faqs/biodiversity.jpg
Ecological Relationships NICHE - Role of organismin the ecosystem (job) NICHE DIVERSITY –Number of niches in anecosystem; oftendetermined by abioticfactorsAbiotic non-livingA niche is thesum of allactivities andrelationshipsa species haswhileobtaining andusingresourcesneeded tosurvive andreproduce
Competition: When species orindividuals “fight” forthe same resources.– E.g., Food, shelter . KEYSTONEPREDATOR/SPECIES -A predator thatcauses a largeincrease in diversityof its habitat.The “fight” may be indirect individuals may neverdirectly contact each other.Losing a keystonespecies usuallydisrupts herbarium/prairie/prairie42004.jpgTwo species withsimilar needs forsame limitedresources cannotcoexist.
om/1a291aa0.jpg A primary consumerfeeds on a producer.A fruit bat eatinga papayaA woodchuck eatingwild clover
ads/2007/06/close-up-bald-eagle-eating.jpg A consumerfeeds on anotherconsumer.A lion eating zebra.An eagle eating Goer/2006/3/IMAGES/lion zebra.jpgPredation:
A long-term relationship where twospecies live closely together and atleast one benefits directly from s-MarkFerrulo.jpgSymbiosis:
Mutualism: Both organisms benefit from therelationship. Win-Win ucational%20%20Videos.htm
Plants must attract thepollinator (insects,birds, bats, smallmammals) – forexample, the flowermay have a scent thatthe pollinator .htmPollination (Mutualism) Plant gets pollentransported andthe pollinator getsnectar (a sugarrich solution) as afood source.
Mutualism Racoon and PoisonIvy– The raccoon eats theberries of the poisonivy and disperses theseeds as it poops.– Both benefit.
Commensalism One organismbenefits, the otherone is unaffected. Win-Neutralrelationship
Commensalism Eastern Chipmunk andSoil mite– The chipmunk is a mammalthat burrows.– The soil mite feeds off ofleaf litter but cannot burrowitself.– The mite uses thechipmunk’s tunnels totravel from place to place.Copyright, Ray Norton
Commensalism Pear-shaped puffballgets opened (andspores dispersed) byOpossum Puffball benefits,opossum is notaffected.Copyright, Leon Shernoff
Parasitism One organism benefits, the other oneis harmed! Win-Lose relationship Parasites rarely kill their hosts itwould require them to get anotherone!
Parasitism Dogwood tree isparasitized byhoneysuckle.Michael Clayton, Wisconsin State HerbariumDepartment of Botany, Iowa St. University
Parasitism Bullfrog acts as a host of thebig red worm parasite.Ohio State University
Ecological Relationships Biological Magnification — Increasingconcentration of poisons in organisms inhigher trophic levels in a food chain orweb.Manytoxins inthe waterManytoxins intheperson
BiologicalMagnificationaccumulation ofincreasing amounts oftoxin within tissues oforganisms.Video on BiologicalMagnification
Ecological Relationships NICHE - Role of organism in the ecosystem (job) NICHE DIVERSITY – Number of niches in an ecosystem; often determined by abiotic factors A niche is the sum of all activities and relationships a species has while obtaining and using resources needed to survive and Abiotic non-living reproduce
