WIXLIB

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage iAn Introduction to Object-OrientedTMProgramming with JavaFifth EditionC.Thomas WuNaval Postgraduate School

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage iiAN INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA , FIFTH EDITIONPublished by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of theAmericas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Previous editions 2006, 2004, and 2001. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in anyform or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage ortransmission, or broadcast for distance learning.Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside theUnited States.This book is printed on acid-free paper.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9ISBN 978–0–07–352330–9MHID 0–07–352330–5Global Publisher: Raghothaman SrinivasanDirector of Development: Kristine TibbettsDevelopmental Editor: Lorraine K. BuczekSenior Marketing Manager: Curt ReynoldsSenior Project Manager: Jane MohrLead Production Supervisor: Sandy LudovissyLead Media Project Manager: Stacy A. PatchAssociate Design Coordinator: Brenda A. RolwesCover Designer: Studio Montage, St. Louis, Missouri(USE) Cover Image: Getty ImagesCompositor: Macmillan Publishing SolutionsTypeface: 10.5/12 Times RomanPrinter: R. R. Donnelley Crawfordsville, INAll credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataWu, C. Thomas.An introduction to object-oriented programming with Java / C. Thomas Wu (Otani).—5th ed.p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 978–0–07–352330–9— ISBN 0–07–352330–5 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Object-orientedprogramming (Computer science) 2. Java (Computer program language) I. Title.QA76.64.W78 2010005.1'17—dc222008053612www.mhhe.com

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage iiiTo my family

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage iv

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage .22.32.42.5xiIntroduction to Computers andProgramming LanguagesA History of ComputersComputer ArchitectureProgramming LanguagesJavaIntroduction to Object-Oriented Programming andSoftware DevelopmentClasses and ObjectsMessages and MethodsClass and Instance Data ValuesInheritanceSoftware Engineering and SoftwareLife CycleGetting Started with JavaThe First Java ProgramProgram ComponentsEdit-Compile-Run CycleSample Java Standard ClassesSample Development1241112151618202324293039495269v

wu23305 fm.qxdvi2/17/0910:38 AMPage 5.8Numerical Data85VariablesArithmetic ExpressionsConstantsDisplaying Numerical ValuesGetting Numerical InputThe Math ClassRandom Number GenerationThe GregorianCalendar ClassSample DevelopmentNumerical Representation (Optional)869499101107113117120125136Defining Your Own Classes—Part 1First Example: Defining and Using a ClassSecond Example: Defining and Using Multiple ClassesMatching Arguments and ParametersPassing Objects to a MethodConstructorsInformation Hiding and Visibility ModifiersClass ConstantsLocal VariablesCalling Methods of the Same ClassChanging Any Class to a Main ClassSample DevelopmentSelection StatementsThe if StatementNested if StatementsBoolean Expressions and VariablesComparing ObjectsThe switch StatementDrawing GraphicsEnumerated ConstantsSample 222233239247252256266272

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage etition StatementsThe while StatementPitfalls in Writing Repetition StatementsThe do–while StatementLoop-and-a-Half Repetition ControlThe for StatementNested for StatementsFormatting OutputLoan TablesEstimating the Execution TimeRecursive Methods (Optional)Sample DevelopmentDefining Your Own Classes—Part 2Returning an Object from a MethodThe Reserved Word thisOverloaded Methods and ConstructorsClass Variables and MethodsCall-by-Value Parameter PassingOrganizing Classes into a PackageUsing Javadoc Comments forClass DocumentationThe Complete Fraction ClassSample DevelopmentExceptions and AssertionsCatching ExceptionsThrowing Exceptions and Multiple catch BlocksPropagating ExceptionsTypes of ExceptionsProgrammer-Defined ExceptionsAssertionsSample 1477

wu23305 fm.qxdviii2/17/0910:38 AMPage haracters and StringsCharactersStringsPattern Matching and Regular ExpressionThe Pattern and Matcher ClassesComparing StringsStringBuffer and StringBuilderString Processing and BioinformaticsSample DevelopmentArrays and CollectionsArray BasicsArrays of ObjectsThe For-Each LoopPassing Arrays to MethodsTwo-Dimensional ArraysLists and MapsSample DevelopmentSorting and SearchingSearchingSortingHeapsortSample DevelopmentFile Input and OutputFile and JFileChooser ObjectsLow-Level File I/OHigh-Level File 6609633634638646659685686695700

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage ixContents12.412.513Object I/OSample DevelopmentInheritance and 713.8A Simple ExampleDefining Classes with InheritanceUsing Classes Effectively with PolymorphismInheritance and Member AccessibilityInheritance and ConstructorsAbstract Superclasses and Abstract MethodsInheritance versus InterfaceSample Development73473774174474975375875914GUI and Event-Driven Simple GUI I/O with JOptionPaneCustomizing Frame WindowsGUI Programming BasicsText-Related GUI ComponentsLayout ManagersEffective Use of Nested PanelsOther GUI ComponentsMenusHandling Mouse Events79079379980882083083985786115Recursive Algorithms88115.115.215.315.415.515.6Basic Elements of RecursionDirectory ListingAnagramTowers of HanoiQuicksortWhen Not to Use Recursion882883885888890895

wu23305 fm.qxdx2/17/0910:38 AMPage xContentsAppendix AHow to Run Java Programs903Appendix BSample Programs911Appendix CStandard Classes and Interfaces933Appendix DUML Diagrams955Index963

wu23305 fm.qxd2/17/0910:38 AMPage xiPrefaceThis book is an introduction to object-oriented programming using the Javaprogramming language. We use the object-first approach where objects are usedfrom the first sample program. Object-oriented thinking is emphasized and promoted from the beginning. Students learn how to use objects first and then learnhow to define their own objects.Key Changes in the 5th EditionThe key differences between this edition and the fourth edition are as follows:1. More Discussion on Java 5.0 Features and Java 6.0 Compatibility. Manyof the new Java 5.0 features are explained and used in the sample programs.They include the enumerator type, the for-each loop construct, auto boxingand unboxing, and the generics.2. Exclusive Use of Console Input and Output. All the GUI related topics,including the JOptionPane class, are moved to Chapter 14. Sample programsbefore Chapter 14 use the standard console input (Scanner) and output(System.out). Those who want to use JOptionPane for simple input and outputcan do so easily by covering Section 14.1 before Chapter 3.3. More Examples from Natural Sciences. In several key chapters, we illustrate concepts using examples from biology and chemistry. For example, inChapter 4, we use the elements in the periodic table to illustrate the concept ofprogrammer-defined classes. In Chapter 9, we demonstrate how the stringprocessing techniques are applied to implement DNA sequencing and othercommon DNA operations.4. Level-by-level Organization for Programming Exercises. Programmingexercises at the end of chapters are organized into three levels of difficulties.The one-star level exercises require the basic understanding of the materialscovered in the chapter. The two-star level exercises require some additionalthinking beyond the basic understanding. The three-star level exercises arexi

wu23305 fm.qxdxii2/17/0910:38 AMPage xiiPrefacemost difficult and require significant effort. For some of the three-star exercises, students must find or study additional information beyond those presented in the book. Please keep in mind that the level of difficulties is only ageneral guideline. One student may find some level-three exercises much easier than level-two exercises, for example.Book OrganizationThere are 16 chapters in this book, numbered from 0 to 15. The first 11 chapterscover the core topics that provide the fundamentals of programming. Chapters 11 to15 cover intermediate-level topics such as sorting, searching, recursion, inheritance,polymorphism, and file I/O. There are more than enough topics for one semester.After the first 11 chapters (Ch 0 to Ch 10), instructors can mix and match materialsfrom Chapters 11 to 15 to suit their needs. We first show the dependency relationships among the chapters and then provide a brief summary of each chapter.Chapter DependencyFor the most part, chapters should be read in sequence, but some variations arepossible, especially with the optional chapters. Here’s a simplified dependencygraph:01234567811 12 1391014* 15*Note: Some examples use arrays,but the use of arrays is not anintegral part of the examples.These examples can be modifiedto those that do not use arrays.Many topics from the early partof the chapter can be introducedas early as after Chapter 2.