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FocusNote 36 2006 5 !"# %& !"#COMMUNITY-MANAGED LOAN FUNDS:WHICH ONES WORK? !!"#!"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,-'./01 !"# %& CMLF !"# %& !"# % CGAP Jessica Murray, CGAP !, !"# %& Richard Rosenberg !"# Hugh Allen, Jeffrey !"# %Ashe,Tamara Cook, Malcolm Harper,Elizabeth Littlefield,Anne Ritchie, StuartRutherford, Ousa Sananikone, Heather Clark !"# !"# %&'(!"# %&"'()* #,-./012 ! ! CMLF !"# !" !" !"# CGAP www.cgap.org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
!"# %& !"# %&'( !"# % !"# !"# %&'()* !"# %&'#()* !"# % !"# ! !" !"# %&'(! ! ! CMLF !"# %&'()* '(,! CMLF !"# %& CGAP SHG !"# % Christen Ivatury !"# %&'!"# !" 1990 2005 23 13!"# %&!"# %&'( SHG Prakash et al. !"# % CMLF CMLF !"# %& !"# %&! !"# %&' !"# %CMLF !"# %&'( )* , !-. !"#3 !" !"# %&'()* ,-./ !"# %&'()* !"# % !"# %&'( !"# %&'() !"# %&'()* ,-./01 !"# %&'()*!"# %&!"# %&'()* !"#!"# %&'!"( !"# %&'()!"# %&'( )*!" CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-.!"# %&&'(!"# %&'( !"# %& !"# %&'() 1 !" !"# %& !"# % &'()* ,-./012 !"# %&'()* ,-./ ! CMLF 1 CMLF !" !"# !"# %&''() !"# %&' !!"# %&'()* !"# %&'()(* ,-. !" !"# !"# %&'() Littlefield et al. 2003 !"# !"# %&'( ! NNOOTOV QONUSM !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,-./0!1!"# %&'() !" !"# %&'(!") !"# PN!"# %!"# %& 2 !"# %&'()* ,- !./0 ! !"OM CMLF !"#CMLF !"# !"!"# %&60 # %10 !"#!" !" ! "# !"# %&'()* ,!"# %&'() !"# CMLF !"# %!"# !"# %&'()*!"# %&'()* ,!"# %#&'(4 !" !"# %&'3 !85% !"# %&'()* !"# %&'& !"# %&'() !"# %&'(6 !"# !85% 1999 4!"# %&'()* ,!-./0Cf. RosenbergE.g., Dunn and Arbuckle 2001 .
!"# %&'() !"# % !"# CMLF !"# % !"# !%&'()* ,-./012 !"# %&'()* !"# % !"# %&'()CMLF !"# !"# %& !"# %&'()* ,!"# %&'()* ,!"# %&'()* , !"# %&'()* #,-. !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# %&'()* !"# %&' The Poor and! Their Money !" !"# %&'()!"# !"# % !"# %&'()* ,-. !"# %& !"# %&' !"# !"!!"# Stuart Rutherford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
!"# %&'()* ,-./CMLF !"# %& '( )CGAP !"# %&'()* UNDP !"# %&'( 3 0 % CMLF CGAP !!"#!"# %&'()* !" # %&'()* 8 ! ! !CMLF !"# %&UNDP ! !"# CMLF !"# 2 !6 !"# CMLF !"# %&'() Ashe 2002, Allen 2006, Christen Ivatury !" Prakash et al. !"# %&'()* ,-./0123 ! !"# %&' ,-./!"# %&'()* ,-!"# %&'CMLF !"# !!"# !"# %&'!"# %&'()* !" CMLF !"# %&' !"# %& CMLF !"# %&'()*!"# % !"# %&'!"# % ! !"# !%&'()* ,-./012 !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"#" %&'() !"# %&'(!"# %&'() -./01!"# %&'()* ,-./ !"# !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,!"# %&'( !"# %& !"# %&'()* ",-./0- SHG ! !"# %&'()*!"# %&'()* !"SHG !"# % CMLF CMLF !"#!"# %&'( ! !CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-./!"# %&' !"# !"# %&'(!"# %!"&' !"# %&'()!"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# %&'()* ,-(./ CMLF !"# %&'()* !"# !"#!"# %&'()!"# %!"# %&'CMLF !"!"# %&'()* ,-. !"# %!"# %&' ()* , !"!"# %&'()*CMLF !"# %&''()* ,-./04 !"!!"# %&'() ! !"# % !"# !" !"# %&!"# %&'() !"# %%&'(!"# %&' !"# %&' !"# %&' !"# %&' !!"# %&'()* !"# %&'()!"# %&' ( !"# %& !"#!"# %CMLF !"# SHG !"# %CMLF CMLF !"# %&'()* ,- CMLF !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !"# %&'())* ,-./01!"# %&' 7!"# %&'()* ,-.67 !"# %&'()* , SHG !!"# %&'()* ,- !"# %&'()* , !"# %&'() CMLF !"# %&'()*
!"# %&'()* !"# %&' !"# %&'()* , !"# % !"#8 !"# %&'()* , !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !" !"# %&'( !"# % !"CMLF !!"# !"# %&'() * ,-. !"# % !"# %&' !"# %&'()* , !"# %&'()* ,-./0 CMLF !"# %&'()* ,!"# %&'() !!"# %&' ()* ,!"# CMLF !"# %&!!"# !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,-./0123 !"# % !"# %&'( !"# %&'()* !"# %& !" !"# %& !"# %&'()* ",-. !CMLF !"# % !"# Richard Montgomery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
!"# %&'()* ,-./0! CMLF ! !"# %&'()* ,- ! !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# %& '(!)* !"# CMLF !"# !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./(012 !"# %&'( !"# %&'( !"CMLF Kupfuma !"# % Ishungu !"# %&'() * , !"# !"# %&!"# %&'()* ,- .! /01 !"# !"# %&'(!"# % CARE ! !"# % ! !"# %&'()* , !"#CARE !" !"# !"# !"# % CMLF !"# ASCA ! !" # %&' !"# %&'()* ,-! !"!"# %&'(!"# %&'!"# %&!"# %&'()* ,-.!"# %&'()* 270 !"# !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,1462 ! CMLF !"# !"!. !"# % !"# %&' !"# %&' !"!"# !"1997 !"# %&'() !" !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !" !"# %&'()* ,- . ! !"# %&'()* ,-./%!"# %&'( !"# %&'( !" !"# !!"# %&'()* !"# %&' 100%!" CMLF !"# %&'()*! ,-./0 !"# %&'()* ,- ! ROSCA !"# %&'(!#)* , !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* !"#!"# % & !"# %&'()* !" Zapata 2002 6!"# %& !" !3 !"# !"# %&'()* ,- !"# %&'()* Allen 2002 !"#!"# %!"# !"# %&'()!"# "% !"# %&'(!"# %&'()* ,-./0 !" !"# %&'( !"# % CMLF !"# CMLF !"# %&'()* !"# %&'() ! !"# !"# %& !"# %&#'()* , ! !"# %&'()* !"# %& !"# %&'() !"# %& !!"# !"# %& !!"# %!"# %&!"# %&'()* ,!"# CMLF !"# !"# %CMLF !"#!"# %& '()* ,-.!"# %&'()* ,-./0 12
!11 !"# %&'( !"# %&'()* 2 !" CMLF !"#CMLF ! "# ! B !" jic !"# %&'()* ,- !" !"#!"# %&'()* ,-!"# %&'() CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-./ ! ! "# %& ! !" !"# %&'()* ,-.!"# !"VV !" !" !"# %&'()* ,-.QR !"TT !" !"# %&'(')* ,- !"RM !" !"# %&'()* ,-. !"# UR!" # % CMLF NS SM SU QM UM RR UP ! !" jic 96 100 100 10099.7 95 98 !"# %&'()* 95% !"# !" !"# % !"# %&'( !"#! 95% !"# 37% !"# % !"# %&'%()* Rosenberg 1999 !"# %&'()* ,- ! !"# %&' "! ()* !"# %&'()* !"# 95% !"# %&' ()* ,-. /0 !"# %&'() !"# %&'()*& ", 11 ! CMLF !"# %&'()* CMLF !" !"# 12!"# %&'()*!"# %&'()* ,-.!"# %&!"# %&'(()* , USAID P A C T WEP !"# %& '!"# %&'()* !"# % ! !"# % RM !" 11 !"# %&'()*!"# %& ! 6500 ! !"#" %&'( !"# CMLF! 130,000 !"# %!"# %&'()*96% ! WEP !"# %&'()* !"# % !"# %&'()* 800 !"#!"# %&'()* ,!"# %&'()* ,-./0!"# %&'()* ,-./0) !"# %&'()* !" !"# %& !"# %&'()* ,-. ! Ashe and Parrot 2001 !"# %&'()* ,!"# %!"# %&!"#CMLF !" !"# %&'()* ,-./01 !"# %&' (")* ",-. 2 12 !"#CMLF !"#" %&'() !"# %&'()* ,- !"# %&' CARE MMD !"# %&'( )* ,- 76% !"# %&'()13 !"# CMLF11 13 !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !"# %&'(!2 !"# %&'()*! ,-./ !"# % Allen 2002 7
!"# %&' SHG !"# %& !"# %&'(!"# SHG !"# % Christen Ivatury !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !"# %&'()* ,-./ !"# %&!SHG !"# %& CGAP !" ! Prakash et al SHG !"# %&'()*!"# %&'()* !"# !"# !"# %&'()* , !"# !"# % !"# %&'()* ,-./01 !" !"# %&'( !"# %&'()* ,- !" !"# %&'() !"# %& !"# %&'() !"# % !"# %&'( !"# %&' 1 !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !!"# %&'()* , !"# !"# %&'( ! !"# % CMLF !"# %&'(!"# %&'()* , !"# !"# %&'()SHG !"# %& !"# %&'()* , !" !"# %&'( !"# %&'()* ,- !"# %&'() !"# %&'() !"# !"# %&'( !"# % !" # !"# % !"# !"# % !CMLF !"#!"# %&'()* !" !"# !"# %&' !"# %&'(!"!"# %&'()* !"# 1 8 ! !"#!"# !"# %&'()* ,- !!"# %&'()* !,-./012!"# %&'( !! !"# %&'() !"# %&'() !"# !"# %&'() !"# !"# !"# %&'(! !"# !"# !" !" !" !
!"# %&' !"# !"# %&'( !"# %&'()* , !"# !"# %&'()!"# !"# %&'()*!"# %&'()* ,-./01 !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./0 ! !"# %&'()* ,-!"# %&' SHG !"# %!"# %&'( !" !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# % Prakash, et al. !" SHG ! !"# !"# %&'( !"# %&'()&* ,-./ !"# %SHG !"# %&' ! !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* %,-. !" !"# %&'() !"# !!"# %&'()* ,SHG SHG !!"# %&' ! !"# %&'()* ,-./ CMLF !" !"# %&'()* ,- !"# %& CMLF SHG !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./0!"# %&'()* ,-./ !"#SHG !"# !"# !"# %&'()* , -./01 !"# %&'() !" SHG !" !"# %&'()* !"# %&' !" SHG !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !" !"# %&'()* !"# SHG !"# %& CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-!"# % !"# SHG !"# !"# !"# %&'()*!"# %& !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* , SHG !"# ! Christen Ivatury !"# %&'( SHG !"# SHG !!" !"!"# %&'() !" Prakash !" !"# %&'()*! S H G APMAS !"!"# %& SHG SHG !"# !"SHG !"# %&'()* ,-./0!"# %&'()* !"#!"#SHG !"# %& SHG SHG !"# %&'()* , !" Christen Ivatury!"# SHG !"# % !"# %&'()* ,!-./ !"# %&'()* ,-./01 !"# %& !"# SHG !" !"#!"# %&'()*!"# % !!"# !"# %&'()* !"!"# %& !"# %&' !"# %&'!"# !"# %&' !"# %&' !"!"# %&'(#!"# %&'() !"# %9
!"SHG !"# !"# % !"# SHG !"# %& SHG !"!"# %&'(! "# %&'()* ,-.!"!"# %&'()* ,-)./012 FINCA 20 !"# % !"! !"# %&'()* %,-.!"# %&'()* ! !"# %&'()* ,)-.SHG ! "# %&'()* !"# %&'()* , ! "# %&'()* ,-./% !"# %&'()* ,-. FINCA !"# FINCA !" !"# %&!" CARE !"# %&'()!" CLASSE-B !"# 15-30 !"!# %&'( ! 8 ! " CMLF !"# %& !"# %&'(!"# %&'()* !"!"# %&'()* ,-./01 !"# !"# %&'()* ,-,.! !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,50% !"# %&'( !"# %&'()* ,-./0123 !"# %&'()* ,-./ ! !"# %&'()"* ,-. ! !"# %&'()* 100% !"# %&'()* !" ,- 2005 6 !"#! % 100% Vita 2005 SHG !"# %&'()* , !"# %&'()* ,-./0123 !"# %&'()SHG !"# %&' !"# %& CMLF !"# %&'()* CMLF !"# !"# %!"# %&'()!"# !"# CMLF !"# %&'() -./ !"# %&'( !"!"# %!" !"# !"# %& !"# CMLF !" # %&!"# % ! CMLF ! !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !"# % &'()* ,-./012 !"# CMLF !"# %&'( )*!"# %&' !"# %&'()* , !"# %&'() !"# %&'()* ,--. /01 !"# %&'()* ,-. !"# %&'()* ,-./0123 ! !"# %&'CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-.!"# %&'!"()* , !"# %&'()* ',-./0 !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,-./012 !"# %!&'()* ,-./01 !" !"# %& !"# %&'()* ,-&.10!"# %&'()* ',-./!"# %!"# %&'()* !" !"!"# %&
!"# !"# ! !"# %&'()* ,- !" !"# %&'( !"# %!"# %& !"# %&'( !"# %!"# !"# %&'()* ,-./ !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()* ,-. !"# % & !"# %& !"# %CMLF !"# % !"!"# %&'()*!"# %&'() !"# %!"# %&'()* ,-./ !" CMLF !"# %&'()*( ,-./012 /012!"#!"# %&'()* ,-.! %&'()* , !"# %& !"# %&'()* !"# %&'( !"# %&' !"# %&'() !"# %&'()* ,-./01!"# %& !"# %&'()* , !"# % !"# %&'()* , - !"# !!"# !"# %&'()* ,-./01234 !"# !" ./0 !"# %&&'() * ,-./00 !"# %&'()* ,-!!"# % CMLF !"# %&' !"# %&'()* !"# !"# %&'!"# %&' CMLF !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# %&'()*14 !"# !"# % !CMLF ()!"# %&'()* !" CMLF !"# %&'()*!"# %&'!"# !!"# %&'()* !!" !"# %&'()*!"# CMLF !"# !"# %&'()*# !" CMLF !"# % !"# %&'()* ,-./0"# !"# % !"# %&'( !" 11 !"# %&' ! CMLF ! !"# %&' !"!"# %&'()* ,#-!"# %& !" !"# %&'() !"#!" CMLF CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-./ !"# % !"# %&'() ! !"# !"#SHG !"# %&'!"(!"# %&'()* , !"!"# %#&'#()*!"# %& !"# % !"# %&'()* !"# %&'() !"!# %& !"# !"# %&'()* ,-./ !"# %&'()** ,-./0123450#678 !"# %&'()* ,!-./012345 !"# 14!" !" !"# %&'()* ,%-./012311
CMLF !"# %&'()* !CMLF !"# %&'() !"# %& !"# !"# %&'()* !"#! %&'()"#* ,- ! !"# % 2 !" 3 !"# 1 ! !"# %&'( ! !"# % CMLF !"# %& !" !"# %&'()* ! !! !"# % ! !" !"# !"# %&' ()* ,-./ !"# %&'()CMLF !"# % !"# !"# %&'!"# !"# % !"!"# %&'(!"# %&'!"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# %&'()* ,-./&012 !"# %&' !"# %&' !"# %&'()(* ,-./01215 !"# %&'()* ,-./0 !"# %&'()CMLF Rosenberg 1999 Bruett 2006 !!" CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-./!" !"# %&'() !!"# 15 !"# !! !"# !"# %&'(()* ,-. 12!"# % CMLF !"# %& CMLF !"# %&'()* ,-. !"# %&'()* !"# %&'()*
! Adler, Matthias. 2001. Village Banks in Mali: A Successful Project of Self-Help Promotion. D C Development and Cooperation, no. 1:18-20.Allen, Hugh. 2002. CARE International s Village Savings & Loan Programmes in Africa: Micro Finance for the Rural Poor that Works. Niger: CARE Publication. . 2006. Village Savings and Loan Associations. Pending in Small Enterprise Development (March).Ashe, Jeffrey. 2002. A Symposium on Savings-Led Microfinance and the Rural Poor. Journal of Microfinance 4 (2): 129.Ashe, Jeffrey, and Lisa Parrot. October 2001. Impact Evaluation on PACT s Women s Empowerment Program in Nepal: A Savings andLiteracy Led Alternative to Financial Institution Building. Independent evaluation financed by Freedom from Hunger and the SEEPNetwork.Bruett, Tillman. March 2006. Measuring Performance of Microfinance Institutions: A Framework for Reporting, Analysis, and Monitoring. Washington D.C.: SEEP Network.Christen, Robert Peck, and Gautam Ivatury. Forthcoming. A Systematic View of the SHG Bank-Linkage System: Four Sustainable Models. A Report for the State Bank of India. Washington D.C.: CGAP.Dunn, Elizabeth, and J. Gordon Arbuckle Jr. 2001. The Impacts of Microcredit: A Case Study from Peru. USAID Office of MicroenterpriseDevelopment. Washington D.C.: USAID AIMS Project.Grant, William, and Hugh Allen. 2002. CARE s Mata Masu Dubara (Women on the Move) Program in Niger: Successful FinancialIntermediation in the Rural Sahel. Journal of Microfinance 4 (2).Littlefield, Elizabeth, Jonathan Morduch, and Syed Hashemi. 2003. Is Microfinance an Effective Strategy to Reach the Millennium DevelopmentGoals? Focus Note 24 (January). Washington, D.C.: CGAP.Matthews, Brett, and Ahsan Ali. 2002. Ashrai: A Savings-Led Model for Fighting Poverty and Discrimination. Journal of Microfinance 4 (2).Montgomery, Richard. 1995. Disciplining or Protecting the Poor? Avoiding the Social Costs of Peer Pressure in Solidarity Group Micro-CreditSchemes. Papers in International Development No. 12. Swansea: Centre for Development Studies, University of Wales.Prakash, L. B., Anuradha Pillai, Syed Hashemi, and Jennifer Isern. Forthcoming. Do India s Self-Help Groups Provide Value for Money? Washington, D.C.: CGAP.Rosenberg, Richard. 1999. Measuring Microcredit Delinquency: Ratios Can Be Harmful to Your Health. Occasional Paper 3 (June). Washington,D.C.: CGAP.Rutherford, Stuart. 2000. The Poor and Their Money. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Seibel, Hans Dieter. 2003. Community Development at Jabal al-Hoss II: Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods and Eradicating Poverty through aSustainable Network of Village Development Funds. Consultancy report for UNDP and the Syrian Arab Republic.Seibel, Hans Dieter, and Dave Harishkumar. 2002. Linking Banks and Self-Help Groups: Social or Commercial Banking? The Experience ofIndia. Rome: NABARD, Mumbay & IFAD.Vita, Massimo. 2005. Review and Monitoring of CLASSE-B Project- Rwanda. Project evaluation prepared by Microfinanza SRL.Wilson, Kim. 2002. The New Microfinance: An Essay on the Self-Help Group Movement in India. Journal of Microfinance 4 (2): 217-245.Zapata, Gabriala. 2002. Community Savings Funds: Providing Access to Basic Financial Services in Marginalized Rural Areas of Mexico. Journal of Microfinance 4, (2): 163-187.13
I. !"# %& !" !"# ! !" ! !"# Rural Development Project SDC !Ashrai !"# %Ashrai portion with external credit !"# %Seth Koma Seth Koma Program !"# %&'() !"# People s Participation Program !"# %&'() !" !Bengkula !"# Bengkula Regional Development Project !" ! !"# Integrated Swamps !" !Kecamatan ! Kecamatan Development Project !" !Nusa Tenggara !"# Nusa Tenggara Area Development Project !" ! !"# Urban Poverty Project !"# ! !"# Rural Finance Project PDR !"# !"# % Laos Swedish Forestry Programme PDRUNDP/ !"# %&Oudomxay Luang Namtha CARE Schemes in Oudomxay and Luang Namtha !" ! !"# %&'( Rural Development in Marginal Areas Project !"# ADBN !"# Small Farmer Cooperatives ! !"# Community Reintegration !"CARE JOSACA JOSACA !CARE Kupfuma Ishunga !"# %Small Farmer Groups with external credit !"# % Small Scale Irrigation !"# % Village Savings and Loans Program portion with external credit !"# %&'( Rural Development in Marginal Areas Program!"# %Kupfuma Ishunga portion withexternal credit !" !"# ! SDC !Ashrai !"# %Ashrai portion without external credit !" !"# USAID !"# %&'()* Community-Managed Savings and Credit Associations !"# %&'() !" !"# Small Farmer Groups without external credit CARE !"# %Village Savings and Loans Program portion without external credit ! !"# Community Savings Fund portion without external credit !CARE Ophavela Ophavela !"# /PACT !"# Women s Empowerment Program !"# /CARE MMD MMD Program portion without external credit !"# %Jabal al Hoss II !"# %&Rural Community Development at Jabal al Hoss II DFID !"# % Financial Sector Deepening Project FSDU !CARE Kupfuma Ishunga Kupfuma Ishunga portion without external credit 14
!"# !"# %&'()* ,%&- ! !" !"# %Village Development Fund for Income Generating Activities PACTWorth Program !" !Women s Development Initiatives Project !"#Revolving Funds ! !"# % / !"#National Programme of Local Development CARE Community Managed Revolving Loan Funds CASHE Program !" !"# %Support to the Implementation of the IndonesiaCommunity Recovery Programme !"Social Development Project/ Development and Employment Fund PDR !"#Community-Managed Livelihood Improvement Project PDRFIAM !"# %&Women in Development PDRGerman Agro ActionCommunity-Based Rural Development to Reserve Watershed Project PDR !"#Rural Development Project PDRMennonite Central Committee MCC Village Development Committee Credit Funds PDROxfam SolidarityCattle Banks PDRQuaker ServicesRevolving Loan Funds PDRWorld ConcernVillage Revolving Funds PDRZOAVillage Credit Associations ! !Rural Development Support Project CARE MJT Musow Ka Jigiya Ton !"# %Participatory Development Project !Agro-Pastoral Export Promotion Project !"# %Desarrollo Rural Sostenible en el Dari n !Agricultural and Rural Market Development Project !"# !"Oxfam America Self-Help Group Model !"# !"# %Programme Elargi de Lutte Contre la Pauvrete CARE JENGA !, , ( ) !"# %&Banking on the Poor15
36 !"# %&'()* ! !" CGAP ! !"# CGAP !" !"# %& CGAP !"# %&CGAP !"www.cgap.org.CGAP1818 H Street, NWMSN Q4-400Washington,DC 20433 USA : 202-473-9594 : 202-522-3744 !: cgap@worldbank.org16
Wilson, Kim. 2002. The New Microfinance: An Essay on the Self-Help Group Movement in India. Journal of Microfinance 4 (2): 217-245. Zapata, Gabriala. 2002. Community Savings Funds: Providing Access to Basic Financial Services in Marginalized Rural Areas of Mexico. Journal of Microfinance 4, (2): 163-187.!
