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Frontmatter TitleAMANUALiOFLaboratory andDiagnostic TestsNINTH EDITIONFischbach FM printer file.indd i11/4/13 10:43 PM
Fischbach FM printer file.indd ii11/4/13 10:43 PM
AMANUALOFLaboratory andDiagnostic TestsNINTH EDITIONFrances Talaska Fischbach, RN, BSN, MSNAssociate Clinical Professor of NursingSchool of NursingUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee, WisconsinAssociate Professor of Nursing (Ret)School of NursingUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee, WisconsinMarshall Barnett Dunning III, BS, MS, PhDProfessor of Medicine & PhysiologyDepartment of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary/Critical Care MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinFischbach FM printer file.indd iii11/4/13 10:43 PM
Acquisitions Editor: Patrick BarberaManaging Editor: Roxanne Halpine WardDesign Coordinator: Holly McLaughlinArt Director, Illustration: Jennifer ClementsProduction Project Manager: Cynthia RudyManufacturing Coordinator: Karin DuffieldPrepress Vendor: Absolute Service, Inc.9th EditionCopyright 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Copyright 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright 2004, 2000 byLippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright 1996 by Lippincott-Raven Publishers. Copyright 1992,1988, 1984, 1980 by J. B. Lippincott Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright.No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrievalsystem without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied incritical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of theirofficial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright.To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square,2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via our websiteat lww.com (products and services).987654321Printed in ChinaLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataISBN: 978-1-4511-9089-2Cataloging-in-Publication Data available on request from the publisher.Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generallyaccepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty,expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of thepublication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be consideredabsolute and universal recommendations.The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosageset forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time ofpublication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constantflow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the packageinsert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions.This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration(FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health careprovider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice.LWW.COMFischbach FM printer file.indd iv11/4/13 10:43 PM
To the memory of Marshall B. Dunning IIIDear friend and coauthor1947–2013Fischbach FM printer file.indd v11/4/13 10:43 PM
Contributors, Consultants, and Research AssistantsMargaret A. Fischbach, RN, BA, JDCompliance OfficerAllay Home & Hospice, Inc.Brookfield, WisconsinMary Fischbach Johnson, BA, MSResearch AssistantNew York, New YorkPatricia A. Van KampenStudent NurseResearch AssistantWausau, WisconsinPatti Cobb, RD, CDChief Clinical DietitianFood and Nutrition ServicesFroedtert HospitalMilwaukee, WisconsinCarol Colasacco, CT(ASCP), CMIACCytotechnologist, Department of PathologyFletcher Allen Health CareBurlington, VermontFaye Enriquez, RN, BSN, MSNAssociate Clinical ProfessorSchool of NursingUniversity of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinAnn Shafranski Fischbach, RN, CAOHC,CPIDCase ManagerRestore Wheaton Franciscan Health CareMilwaukee, WisconsinGary HoffmanManager, Laboratory for Newborn ScreeningState of WisconsinMadison, WisconsinPaul J. Jannetto, PhD, MT(ASCP), DABCCAssociate Professor, PathologyDirector, Clinical Chemistry/ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinJennifer Johnson RN, BSNCardiothoracic Procurement CoordinatorLoyola University Medical CenterMaywood, IllinoisKaren Kehl, PhDAssociate Professor-PathologyChildren’s Hospital of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinStanley F. Lo, PhD, DABCC, FACBAssociate Professor, PathologyAssociate Director, Clinical LaboratoriesTechnical Director, Clinical Chemistry, Pointof Care, and Biochemical GeneticsDirectory, Reference Standards LaboratoryChildren’s Hospital of WisconsinMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinCharles R. Myers, PhDProfessor of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinChristine Naczek, MT(ASCP)Manager, Blood Banking and Pre-TransfusionTestingDepartment of PathologyUnited Regional Medical Services, Inc.Milwaukee, WisconsinAnne Witkowiak Nezworski, RN, BSNMaternity and Newborn SpecialistMarshfield Clinic, Eau Claire CenterEau Claire, WisconsinviFischbach FM printer file.indd vi11/4/13 10:43 PM
Contributors, Consultants, and Research AssistantsJoseph Nezworski, ES, RN, BSNChief Deputy Medical ExaminerEau Claire CountyNursing SupervisorSacred Heart HospitalEau Claire, WisconsinRochelle Olive-Harmon, MS RT (R)Program DirectorSchool of Radiologic TechnologyFroedtert HospitalMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinHershel Raff, PhDDepartment of EndocrinologyMedical College of WisconsinSt. Luke’s Medical CenterMilwaukee, WisconsinTracy A. Schweitzer, PhD, RN, BSN, MAClinical Assistant ProfessorMarquette UniversityMilwaukee, WisconsinJohn Shalkham, MA, SCT(ASCP)Program Director for School of CytotechnologyState Laboratory of HygieneClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of PathologyUniversity of WisconsinMadison, WisconsinJean M. Trione, RPhClinical SpecialistWausau HospitalWausau, WisconsinPatti Wilson BSN, RN, CICInfection Control CoordinatorFroedtert HospitalMilwaukee, WisconsinMichael Zacharisen, MDProfessor of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital of WisconsinMilwaukee, WisconsinReviewersSheryl F. Banak, MSN, RN, CNEFaculty RN ProgramBaptist Health Schools Little RockLittle Rock, ArkansasSimone Bollaerts, BN, RN, IIWCCProfessor in NursingMohawk College of Applied Arts andTechnologyHamilton, Ontario, CanadaSusan Weber Buchholz, PhD, RNProfessorRush University College of NursingChicago, IllinoisFrank G. Steffel, BS, CNMTProgram Director–Nuclear Medicine/PETTechnologyFroedtert HospitalMilwaukee, WisconsinSusan K. Callen, MSN, RN, CNENursing Instructor IIUPMC Shadyside School of NursingPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaCorrinne Strandell, RN, BSN, MSN, PhDNursing Research, Home Care andRehabilitation SpecialistWest Allis, WisconsinSandi Casey MS, RNC-MNNNursing InstructorConnors State CollegeMuskogee, OklahomaThudung Tieu, MT(ASCP)Quality Assurance & Safety ManagerDynacare LaboratoriesMilwaukee, WisconsinKaren Chandra, MSN, MBA, RNAssociate Professor of NursingHarper CollegePalatine, IllinoisFischbach FM printer file.indd viivii11/4/13 10:43 PM
viiiReviewersChristine M. Cunningham, MS, MT(ASCP)Associate ProfessorNew York Chiropractic CollegeSeneca Falls, New YorkPasquale Fiore, RN, BScN, MSc, HealthAdm, Cert EdNurse EducatorCamosun CollegeUniversity of VictoriaVictoria, British Columbia, CanadaPaula Green, MSNAssistant ProfessorNursing & Allied SciencesBronx Community College - CUNYBronx, New YorkNancy E. Pea, MSN, RNAssociate ProfessorSt. Louis Community CollegeFerguson, MissouriCarswella Phillips, DNP, MSN, ARNPAssistant ProfessorFlorida Agricultural and Mechanical University,School of NursingTallahassee, FloridaVanessa Pomarico-Denino, MSN, APRN,FNP-BCInterim Director and Lead Faculty FamilyNurse Practitioner TrackSouthern Connecticut State UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutCathy R. Kessenich, DSN, ARNP, FAANPProfessor of NursingUniversity of TampaTampa, FloridaCharlene Strumpel, MSN, RNInstructorUniversity of British Columbia, OkanaganCampusKelowna, British Columbia, CanadaJulie A. Koch, DNP, RN, FNP-BCAssistant Professor and Coordinator of the FNPProgramValparaiso University College of NursingValparaiso, IndianaAngela Trott, MSN-Ed, BSN, RNAssociate Degree Nursing InstructorCoastal Carolina Community CollegeJacksonville, North CarolinaDiane M. Lew-Snide, PhD, RNProfessor of NursingColumbia-Greene Community CollegeHudson, New YorkCatherine Mbewe, MS, RNAssistant ProfessorNursing and Allied Health SciencesBronx Community College - CUNYBronx, New YorkS. Wendy Whillans, MScN, RNFaculty, School of NursingCanadore CollegeNorth Bay, Ontario, CanadaMary Ellen Wilkosz, PhD, MSN, BSN, RN,FNP-BCAssociate Professor and Assistant Director FNPProgramSonoma State UniversityRohnert Park, CaliforniaJanet O’Connell, MA Ed, BNProfessor of NursingRyerson University, Centennial College,George Brown College Collaborative BScNProgramToronto, Ontario, CanadaFischbach FM printer file.indd viii11/4/13 10:43 PM
Frontmatter Title i Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests A MANUAL OF NINTH EDITION FFischbach_FM_printer_file.indd iischbach_FM_printer_file.indd i 111/4/13 10:43 PM1/4/13 10:43 PM
