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Study of the EssentialKnowledge and Skills andAssessment InstrumentsAPRIL 2016
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ContentsIntroduction . 4Essential Knowledge and Skills . 4Required Curriculum . 4Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) . 5Revising the TEKS . 6Scope of the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills . 7Streamlining of the TEKS . 7Number and Scope of Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for the Required Curriculum . 9Foundation Curriculum . 9English Language Arts and Reading . 9Spanish Language Arts and Reading . 10Mathematics . 10Science . 12Social Studies . 13Enrichment Curriculum . 14Languages Other Than English . 14Health Education. 15Physical Education . 15Fine Arts . 16Technology Applications . 17Career Development . 18Career and Technical Education. 18Student Assessment. 25Test Design . 25Design Attribute: Focus. 25Process Standards . 26Process Standards and STAAR Mathematics Assessments . 27Process Standards and STAAR Science Assessments . 29Process Standards and STAAR Social Studies Assessments . 30Rigor . 32Test and Item Specifications . 32Test Specifications . 32
STAAR Grades 3–8. 32Item Specifications . 33Blueprints . 33Alignment of the Assessments with the Content Standards . 33Appendix A: Process Skills: Mathematics . 35Appendix B: Process Skills: Science . 36Appendix C: Process Skills: Social Studies . 37Appendix D: TEKS and Instructional Materials Working Document . 39Appendix E: State Board of Education TEKS Review Process. 40Appendix F: Guidelines for the Review and Revision of the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills . 41Appendix G: State Board of Education TEKS Streamlining Process . 51Appendix H: Sample of Assessed Curriculum and Test Blueprints for Mathematics, Reading, Science,Social Studies, and Writing . 52
Study of the Essential Knowledge and Skills and AssessmentInstrumentsIntroductionThe 84th Texas Legislature, Regular Session, 2015, passed House Bill (HB) 743, and the legislation wassigned into law on June 19, 2015. This bill amended Texas Education Code (TEC) §§39.023, 39.0236,39.0261, and 39.0381. HB 743 also required the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to conduct a studyregarding the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills under TEC §28.002 and assessment instrumentsadministered to public school students under TEC §39.023.This report satisfies the study requirements under Section 2 of HB 743. In particular, this reportaddresses the requirement that TEA evaluate the following:1) Number and scope of the essential knowledge and skills of each subject of the requiredcurriculum under TEC §28.002, with each essential knowledge or skill identified as areadiness or supporting standard, and whether the number or scope should be limited2) Number and subjects of assessment instruments under TEC §39.023 that are required to beadministered to students in grades three through eight3) How state assessment instruments assess standards essential for student success andwhether the assessment instruments should also assess supporting standards, including ananalysis of the portion of the essential knowledge and skills capable of being accuratelyassessed, the appropriate skills that can be assessed within the testing parameters undercurrent law, and how current standards compare to those parametersThis report is intended to inform State Board of Education (SBOE) members so that they may providerecommendations to the governor and each member of the legislature regarding the requiredcurriculum and assessment instruments, as required under TEC §39.0236(c). These recommendationsare due to the governor and legislature by May 1, 2016.Essential Knowledge and SkillsIn 1995, the Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill (SB) 1 (74th Texas Legislature, Regular Session) which,among other actions, established the required curriculum and called for the development of essentialknowledge and skills for the courses of the required curriculum. The legislature stated that the essentialknowledge and skills should require students “to demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary toread, write, compute, problem solve, think critically, apply technology, and communicate across allsubject areas” (TEC §28.001).Required CurriculumThe Texas Legislature identifies the subjects of the required curriculum in TEC §28.002. Each schooldistrict that serves kindergarten – grade 12 is required to offer the subjects that constitute thefoundation and enrichment curricula. Table 1 below identifies the subjects of the required curriculum.4
Table 1: Required CurriculumFoundation Curriculum English language artsMathematicsScienceSocial studies, consisting of Texas, UnitedStates, and world history; government;economics, with emphasis on the freeenterprise system and its benefits; andgeographyEnrichment Curriculum Languages other than English (to the extentpossible) Health, with emphasis on the importance ofproper nutrition and exercise Physical education Fine arts Career and technology education Technology applications Religious literature, including the HebrewScriptures (Old Testament) and NewTestament, and its impact on history andliterature Personal financial literacySBOE rules in 19 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) §§74.2 and 74.3 detail the specific subject areas andcourses in which school districts are required to provide instruction at the elementary and secondarylevels. These rules require districts to “ensure that sufficient time is provided for teachers to teach andstudents to learn” all of the essential knowledge and skills of the required curriculum (TAC §§74.2(a),74.3(a)(1), 74.3(b)(1)).Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)Twenty years ago, the State of Texas began the process of implementing a comprehensive set ofcurriculum standards to establish the educational requirements in each subject area. In 1995 SB 1charged the SBOE with identifying the essential knowledge and skills of each subject of the requiredcurriculum (TEC §28.002(c)). After several years of work and study, in 1997 the SBOE approved the statecurriculum standards, known as the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, or TEKS. Those curriculumstandards were first implemented in classrooms across the state in the 1998-1999 school year.The TEKS describe what students should know and be able to do at the end of each grade level orcourse. Student expectations (SEs) identify the specific knowledge and skills that students mustdemonstrate. Certain subject areas include SEs that focus on process skills. Process skills describe waysin which students are expected to engage with the content. Mathematics, science, and social studies allinclude SEs that focus on processes. (See Appendices A, B, and C for the process skills for mathematics,science, and social studies.)School districts are required to provide instruction at appropriate grade levels and in appropriate highschool courses to help students develop proficiency in the TEKS. Districts have the authority to add morecontent in their instruction than what is provided in the TEKS. However, they must at minimum addressall of the TEKS for any particular course or grade level. Additionally, the TEKS serve as the basis by whichSBOE-approved instructional materials are evaluated and are addressed on state assessmentinstruments (TEC §28.002(c)). State law prohibits the SBOE from adopting rules that designate a specific5
methodology to be used by teachers or an amount of time to be spent by a teacher or student on aparticular task or subject (TEC §28.002(i)).Revising the TEKSSince the original adoption of the TEKS in 1997, the SBOE has overseen the periodic review and revisionof the standards. A board-approved cycle guides the timeline for the review and revision of the varioussubject areas and ensures alignment with the instructional materials review cycle. (See Appendix D:TEKS and Instructional Materials Working Document.)TEC §28.002(c) requires the SBOE to include the direct participation of educators, parents, business andindustry representatives, and employers in the development of the TEKS. With each subject area review,the SBOE appoints individuals to TEKS review committees that make recommendations to the SBOEregarding changes to the current TEKS. There are multiple opportunities for public input throughout thereview and revision process, including public hearings, an informal feedback process, and the officialpublic comment period.The SBOE first began revising the original TEKS in 2004 with revisions to the mathematics TEKS. Sincethat time, the TEKS for all but two subject areas have been reviewed and updated. Table 2, below,identifies the years in which the TEKS for each subject area were last revised.Table 2:Implementation of Revised Texas Essential Knowledge and SkillsFoundation CurriculumSubject AreaRevisions Last ImplementedEnglish language arts and reading2009-2010Mathematics2014-2015 (K-grade 8)2015-2016 (High school)Science2010-2011Social studies and Economics2011-2012Spanish language arts and reading2009-2010Enrichment CurriculumSubject AreaRevisions Last ImplementedCareer and technical education (CTE)2010-2011 1Fine arts2015-2016Health education1998-1999 2Languages other than English1998-1999 3Physical education1998-19992Technology applications2012-2013The SBOE gave final approval to revisions to the CTE TEKS in 2015; however, they are not scheduled to be implemented untilthe 2017-2018 school year.2The original TEKS are still being implemented because TEKS for health education and physical education have not yet beenrevised.3The SBOE gave final approval to revisions to the languages other than English TEKS in 2014; however, they are not scheduledto be implemented until the 2017-2018 school year.16
In 2009 the SBOE approved an official process to guide the review and revision of the TEKS, and thatprocess was used for the first time with the revision of the social studies TEKS. Since then, the SBOE hasoccasionally adjusted this process to ensure an efficient review of the TEKS. (See Appendix E: StateBoard of Education TEKS Review Process).During the review and revision of the TEKS, the SBOE typically charges the TEKS review committees touse the existing TEKS as the foundation document and to recommend changes to the current curriculumstandards. Committees are tasked with ensuring that the recommended student expectations are: essential,observable and measurable,rigorous,aligned across grade levels and subjects, andclear and well written.Since 2008 the SBOE has also directed TEKS review committees to ensure that the Texas College andCareer Readiness Standards (CCRS) continue to be appropriately imbedded in the TEKS as they considerrecommending revisions. In 2006 the 79th Texas Legislature (Third Called Session) passed HB 1, requiringTEA and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to convene vertical teams to develop collegeand career readiness standards in the subject areas of English, mathematics, science, and social studies.The legislation also required the SBOE to incorporate these college readiness standards andexpectations into the TEKS. As of 2014, the SBOE had integrated the CCRS into the TEKS for all but twosubject areas. 4Scope of the Texas Essential Knowledge and SkillsThe SBOE began to hear concerns expressed regarding the length and scope of the TEKS. As a result, theSBOE has recently added emphasis on ensuring the TEKS are appropriate in scope as a key component ofthe review and revision process.Streamlining of the TEKSIn recent years, the SBOE has addressed the issue of the breadth and depth of the TEKS. At its July 2013meeting, the SBOE took up an item to discuss the scope of the TEKS. At that time, the board heard froma number of educators, administrators, and others regarding the difficulties in teaching all of the TEKS tomastery in the amount of time available during the instructional year. Members of the SBOE engaged indiscussions regarding whether the content was appropriate given the amount of available instructionaltime and determined that the issue needed to be specifically addressed.Later that year, the SBOE issued a request for qualifications for a standards writing advisor to provideguidance and suggestions to the board in the streamlining of the TEKS. The standards writing advisorwho was selected provided training to the SBOE and TEA staff on how to best approach the streamliningof the TEKS. (See Appendix F: Guidelines for the Review and Revision of the Texas Essential Knowledgeand Skills.)4The SBOE has not yet completed a full review of the TEKS for health education and physical education; as a result the CCRShave not yet been incorporated into these two subject area TEKS.7
The SBOE began the work of narrowing the scope of the TEKS with the 2014 review of the CTE TEKS. Atthat time, the SBOE directed the CTE TEKS review committees to ensure that the TEKS were streamlined.The SBOE also modified its review process to ensure that TEKS review committees carefully consider theamount of time necessary for students to develop mastery and ensure that the SEs can “reasonably betaught within the amount of time typically allotted for the subject or course prior to the end of theschool year or a state end-of-course assessment” (see Appendix E).In 2015 with the review and revision of the English and Spanish language arts and reading TEKS, theSBOE once again directed the TEKS review committees to ensure that any recommendations includedefforts to streamline the TEKS. During an initial webinar with TEKS review committee members in August2015, TEA staff provided information on streamlining the TEKS that had been received from thestandards writing advisor.In March 2015 the SBOE conducted a work session to address the schedule of the review and revision ofthe TEKS and the instructional materials adoption cycle. At that meeting, the SBOE determined that itwould focus on streamlining the TEKS for both science and social studies and approved a schedule forthese two TEKS streamlining processes. The SBOE approved the process to be used in the streamlining ofthe science and social studies TEKS at their January 2016 meeting. (See Appendix G: State Board ofEducation TEKS Streamlining Process.) The TEKS streamlining process for science is expected to begin insummer/fall 2016 and the social studies TEKS streamlining process is scheduled to begin in summer2017.8
Number and Scope of Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for the RequiredCurriculumThe following tables identify the number of student expectations for each subject of the requiredcurriculum in each grade level and high school course. Where common strands exist for a subject area,the number of SEs are identified by strand.Since SEs vary in length and scope, looking at the number of student expectations alone will not indicatewhether students are able to develop mastery within the amount of time typically allotted for thesubject or course prior to the end of the school year or a state end-of-course assessment. The SBOE andTEA staff are currently collaborating to identify a process by which scope can be more accuratelydetermined for each subject area.Foundation CurriculumEnglish Language Arts and ReadingReadingWritingOral/wcon r ittven entionsReseaLisrchtenin g/speakingTotalCh. 110, English Language Arts and Reading(1 of 2)Ch. 110, English Language Arts and Reading(2 of 2)Course NameIndependent Study in EnglishNumber ofStudentExpectations8Reading I, II, III41College Readiness and Study Skills27Visual Media Analysis and Production11Contemporary Media13Kindergarten 42894467Literary Genres26Grade 14710117479Creative Writing20Grade 23611127470Research and Technical Writing23Grade 33512149474Practical Writing SkillsGrade 4271210946229HumanitiesGrade 53112111357215Public Speaking I, II, IIIGrade 6291391356942Communication ApplicationsGrade 7291561256743Oral Interpretation I, II, IIIGrade 8291741256735Debate I, II, IIIEnglish I291761357042English II2918613571Independent Study in Speech20English III2918413468Journalism29English IV2919411467Independent Study in Journalism10Advanced Broadcast Journalism I, II, III29Photojournalism20Advanced Journalism: Yearbook I, II,III/Newspaper I, II, III/LiteraryMagazine329
Foundation Curriculum: Spanish Language Arts and ReadingReadin gWritingOralandwRer itseatenrchconvLisententioin gns/spSeeaconkingdlanTogut alageacquis itio nCh. 128, Spanish Language Arts and Reading and English as a SecondLanguageKindergarten4781144074Grade 149101674086Grade 238111774077Grade 339121994083Grade 427121494066Grade 5311215135076Grade 6291314135074English I for Speakers of Other Languages2917613558 128English II for Speakers of Other Languages2918613558 129Foundation Curriculum: MathematicsMat hematicNualmbproercesandAlgssopebtanr aieradac retiordsGensasoomninetrgyaDandtameana lyas uPes isr emr soennal fitPr onancpoialrtiolitenaExpraclityresys ion s,MeeasuquatiremonTwes, ano-dtandndimreledn siataToationt alonalshshaip spesCh. 111, Mathematics, Grades K-8Kindergarten7131834000036Grade 171671334000050Grade 271831246000050Grade 372351026000053Grade 472341225000053Grade 57158736000046Grade 6710000811167059Grade 773000617143050Grade 87400071512345210
Mathematical Models withApplicationsAdvanced QuantitativeReasoningIndependent Study inMathematicsDiscrete Mathematics andProblem SolvingStatisticsat hemaat h ticalproemceatisscastalmndodMardat helf in in gsemainnaticpecaerlmsonaModat hlen elinemggiinanMetisecat hrin ciealncgmoemeadeatiNundlcimengalmoinricf indereaealinsogiArtsninnseq lgebgouaracialtio ic rscinsePren, a asoobndceninabsggienlis(eGrera xpticapanliz reshteddsshere ionstatPlaorlat,is tynnionicain gshl reanGripsasodsou)ninpdcheecgduFais ilinir dongivimas ioGak yproceexpsVaseririame sampb ilntit yCaati ling ateonndgoricPralobanabdqilituaIn fyntianert atdrenivecaenB ivdodaarmtaiatvaeridaabTolestatalMMMat hematicAlgalebpror aicescre aLinsssoeatanninr fudagnctrdsio nsQuine , equadquratali ationtieic fs, tsaondandribslg eu teeqbrauasoict iof fumensthonSysdsinv ctio ntemers s asondesfeth eQuquadirarattioicnsaneq anddiuanetio sq uaExpqurnsona li, an e ro oentiet fuditiasnelanctiqundona lilo gCustie,anbicsd e ar ith,miqurat cub ecatio nrion fu nctial oo t,sonfunasct i bsoluontDaes,ivntaeq eq u alueualiti ation an dCoess, aor dndinateandtLoge ran sgicomfaletr o rmaargyPr otioumnaofenlantadndS imconconilagru est rritucty, pnceTwio nr ooo-dsf, aimndentrigdim sioonen nalCiromasiocleetrna nd t hsl fiyreegu rePr osbab ilityFunctionsRela tionsanNudgmbeoermeandPatrict temerearnsas usonanrMoedingstrdelinuctgfro m u reTot aldataCh. 111, Mathematics, High School Courses (1 of 2)Algebra I7023851300000000000000000056Algebra h. 111, Mathematics, High School Courses (2 of 000000000074641064411
Foundation Curriculum: ScienceScientificinverea stigaMatsot tenin ion ycenismsSciandentifienv ircpScionrocenmeesstifint sescconEarthcepintsspSoacelidanEadtrthimF lueidEarthTot alCh. 112, ScienceKindergarten1324660000031Grade 11324770000033Grade 21444760000035Grade 31443860000035Grade 41434650000032Grade 51544870000038Grade 61398760000043Grade 713635170000044Grade 813631440000040Aquatic y00000164200058Chemistry00000184300061Earth and Space Science0000018019201471Environmental Systems00000194000059Integrated Physics and Chemistry00000132700040Physics0000020310005112
Foundation Curriculum: Social StudiesH ist oryGeographyEconomicsPersonalf inGoanvercianml litenCiteratizecyn -sh ipCultureScience, techSocnoia llo gst uy, ad ieTotndsskialso cllsietyCh. 113, Social Studies and Ch. 118, Economics (1 of 2)Kindergarten65504443738Grade 1871005923751Grade 21012507842957Grade 39910066621159Grade 42111140511331280Grade 51711120812541281Grade 6419100752031482Grade 729116057451481Grade 836680111413616110United States History Since 187757717010810615130World History5959069111014123World Geography41990521251167United States Government85602815241280Economics00472800001388Ch. 113, Social Studies and Ch. 118, Economics (2 of 2)Course NameNumber of Student ExpectationsPs ychol ogy62Soci ol ogy73Speci a l Topi cs i n Soci a l Studi es23Soci a l Studi es Res ea rch Methods42Soci a l Studi es Adva nced Studi es20Economi cs Adva nced Studi es2013
Enrichment CurriculumLanguages Other Than EnglishCommunicCuatiltuonr esConnectionCosmparisonCosmmunitieIn tserpersonspe alak co mingIn tmerpan u nid w catretioritrea ive coing n :d inmg a muPer sonndnalist icatiol coenmmin g n:unToicat alatndwr ion :itinsg p eakingCh. 114, Languages Other Than English (1 of 2)Levels I and II - Novice Progress Checkpoint3223200012Levels III and IV - Intermediate Progress Checkpoint3223200012Levels V, VI, and VII - Advanced Progress Checkpoint3223200012American Sign Language Levels I and II - Novice Progress Checkpoint4223200013American Sign Language Levels III and IV - Intermediate Progress Checkpoint4223200013American Sign Language Levels V, VI, and VII - Advanced Progress Checkpoint4223200013Special Topics in Language and Culture3323300014American Sign Language, Level I5423300017American Sign Language, Level II5423300017American Sign Language, Level III5423300017American Sign Language, Level IV5423300017American Sign Language, Advanced Independent Study5423300017Level I, Novice Mid to Novice High Proficiency0000064212Level II, Novice High to Intermediate Low Proficiency0000064212Level III, Intermediate Low to Intermediate Mid Proficiency0000064313Level IV, Intermediate Mid to Intermediate High Proficiency0000074314Level V, Intermediate High to Advanced Mid Proficiency0000044210Level VI, Advanced Mid to Advanced High Proficiency0000044210Level VII, Advanced High to Superior Proficiency0000044210Classical Languages, Level I, Novice Low to Intermediate Low Proficiency000002428Classical Languages, Level II, Novice Mid to Intermediate Mid Proficiency000003429Classical Languages, Level III, Novice Mid to Advanced Low Proficiency0000035210Classical Languages, Level IV, Novice Mid to Advanced Mid Proficiency0000035210Classical Languages, Levels V-VII, Novice High to Superior Low Proficiency000002327Ch. 114, Languages Other Than English (2 of 2)Course NameNumber of Student ExpectationsCul tura l a nd Li ngui s ti cs Topi cs12Expl ora tory La ngua ges11Di s coveri ng La ngua ges a nd Cul tures8Semi na r i n La ngua ges Other tha n Engl i s h, Adva nced1314
Enrichment Curriculum: Health EducationHea lthbehHeavia lto rshinforIn fmalu et ioncinngPef acr sotornasl/inButerllypeingrsonaTot all skillsCh. 115, Health EducationKindergarten13569033Grade 113751003543Grade 213124140Grade 3145619044Grade 41110418548Grade 51410136548Grade 69171114455Grade 7-81217818560Health I, Grades 9-1015231120069Advanced Health, Grades 11-126171116050Enrichment Curriculum: Physical EducationMovemenPhtysicalactSociv iia ldev ty andToteloheapmallthentCh. 116, Physical EducationKindergarten1013528Grade 11014529Grade 21616436Grade 3121353040Grade 415196Grade 51516536Grade 6141884041Grade 715197Grade 81522744Foundations of Personal Fitness219223Adventure/Outdoor Education315018Aerobic Activities414422Individual Sports610925Team Sports71392915
Enrichment Curriculum: Fine ArtsCh. 117, Fine Arts, DanceF oundatioand ns: obper servCr ecep atiatioveex p tion nH isre sst oricaio nlarel nd cuevCr ianc lturaticalel eva lures ationpoTotnse andalFoundatioCr ens:atipeverceexptiCr eponre ssativeio nex:H isaprertist orssiticicaonpr ola:Cr ipndceseticrcufsoal erltumavaralTonlceuat alretiolevnaancendr esponseCh. 117, Fine Arts, ArtArt, Kindergarten234312Art, Grade 1234312Art, Grade 2234312Dance, Middle School 14444420Art, Grade 3334313Dance, Middle School 24444420Art, Grade 4334313Dance, Middle School 34444420Art, Grade 5334313Dance, Level I4444420Art, Middle School 1434516Dance, Level II444442017Dance, Level III4444420Dance, Level IV4444420Art, Middle School 24445Art, Middle School 3454417Art, Level I464418Art, Level II464519Art, Level III464620Art, Level IV464620Ch. 117, Fine Arts, TheatreF oundationCr es: matiusivec liex pH isterre st oracysicaio nl anrel d cuevalCr ince turaltical eva luTotatialonandr esponseF oundationCr es: iatinqveuirex pyaCr endre satiuns ioveden: pex pH isrster fre st orandorms ioicaingnlanc: prCr iandeticaodcu luctl evturio na luTotal ratielealonv anandcer esponseCh. 117, Fine Arts, MusicMusic, Kindergarten552315Music, Grade 1683421Music, Grade 27834Music, Grade 3783Music, Grade 4794Theatre, Kindergarten4442216Theatre, Grade 1444221622Theatre, Grade 24442216523Theatre, Grade 34452318626Theatre, Grade 47543322Theatre, Grade 57543322Theatre, Middle School 16642422Theatre, Middle School 26743424Theatre, Middle School 36443421Theatre, Level I11646835Music, Grade 5794626Music, Middle School 11074526Music, Middle School 21074627Music, Middle School 3107
39.0261, and 39.0381. HB 743 also required the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to conduct a study regarding the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills under TEC §28.002 and assessment instruments administered to public school students under TEC §39.023. This report satisfies the study requirements under Section 2 of HB 743. In particular, this report
