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MedicalTerminology2nd Edition

MedicalTerminology2nd Editionby Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRTand Jennifer Dorsey

Medical Terminology For Dummies , 2nd EditionPublished by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.comCopyright 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New JerseyPublished simultaneously in CanadaNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except aspermitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior writtenpermission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to thePermissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011,fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, andrelated trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and may not beused without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK ARE INTENDED TOFURTHER GENERAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, UNDERSTANDING, AND DISCUSSION ONLY AND ARE NOTINTENDED AND SHOULD NOT BE RELIED UPON AS RECOMMENDING OR PROMOTING A SPECIFICMETHOD, DIAGNOSIS, OR TREATMENT BY PHYSICIANS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PATIENT. THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THEACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN VIEW OF ONGOING RESEARCH, EQUIPMENT MODIFICATIONS, CHANGESIN GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS, AND THE CONSTANT FLOW OF INFORMATION, THE READERIS URGED TO REVIEW AND EVALUATE THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE PACKAGE INSERT ORINSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH MEDICINE, EQUIPMENT, OR DEVICE FOR, AMONG OTHER THINGS, ANYCHANGES IN THE INSTRUCTIONS OR INDICATION OF USAGE AND FOR ADDED WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. READERS SHOULD CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST WHERE APPROPRIATE. NEITHER THEPUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM.For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer CareDepartment within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. Fortechnical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some materialincluded with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand.If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, youmay download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wileyproducts, visit www.wiley.com.Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945060ISBN 978-1-118-94404-2 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-94406-6 (ePDF); ISBN 978-1-118-94405-9 (eMobi)Manufactured in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents at a GlanceIntroduction. 1Part I: Living for Linguistics. 5Chapter 1: Scrubbing In to Master Medical Terminology. 7Chapter 2: Medical Terminology: The How and Why. 13Chapter 3: Introducing the Big Three: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes. 19Chapter 4: Acronyms, Eponyms, Homonyms, Multiples, and Plurals — Oh My!. 31Chapter 5: Say What? Pronunciation and Usage. 45Part II: Mapping Words and Bodies. 55Chapter 6: As It Was in the Beginning: Prefixes. 57Chapter 7: So It Shall Be in the End: Suffixes. 69Chapter 8: Hey, I Know You: Word Recognition. 75Chapter 9: Deconstruction Junction: Breaking Down Words. 85Chapter 10: An Org Chart to Live By: Organization of the Body. 95Chapter 11: All Systems Go: When Systems Combine. 109Part III: In Terms of Anatomy. 119Chapter 12: Boning Up on the Skeletal System. 121Chapter 13: Getting Ripped: The Muscular System. 139Chapter 14: Skin Deep: Skin, Glands, Nails, and Hair. 153Chapter 15: It Depends on Your Perception: The Sensory Systems. 167Part IV: Let’s Get Some Physiology Terminology. 185Chapter 16: The Hear  t of the Mat  ter: The Cardiovascular andLymphatic Systems. 187Chapter 17: Just Breathe: The Respiratory System. 211Chapter 18: Feeding Time: The Gastrointestinal System. 227Chapter 19: Gatekeepers of Health: The Endocrine System. 245Chapter 20: Calming Down: The Ner vous System. 261

Part V: Name That Plumbing. 275Chapter 21: When You Gotta Go: The Urinary System. 277Chapter 22: Check the Plumbing: The Male Reproductive System. 291Chapter 23: A Life Force: The Female Reproductive System. 305Part VI: The Part of Tens. 325Chapter 24: Ten Essential Medical Terminology References. 327Chapter 25: Ten or So Useful Mnemonic Devices. 331Chapter 26: Ten Sets of Terminology Tongue-Twisting Diseases. 335Appendix: Prefixes and Suffixes. 341Index. 345

Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1About This Book. 1Foolish Assumptions. 2Icons Used in This Book. 3Beyond the Book. 4Where to Go from Here. 4Part I: Living for Linguistics. 5Chapter 1: Scrubbing In to Master Medical Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . 7The Tale Behind the Terms. 7Making Terminology Work for You. 8Building a Foundation of Vocabulary. 9In Terms of Anatomy. 9All Systems Go. 10Down-Under Details. 11The Ultimate Resource: You. 12Chapter 2: Medical Terminology: The How and Why. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Defining Medical Terminology. 13Medical Terminology in the Real World. 14In theory and practice. 15Writing it down. 15Changes in Medical Terminology. 16It’s Greek and Latin to Me. 16Modernizing Medicine. 17Chapter 3: Introducing the Big Three: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes. . . . 19Rooting Around for Answers. 20Exterior root words. 20Interior root words. 23Prefix as Precursor. 28Common Prefixes. 28Suffixes: Final Thoughts. 29

viiiMedical Terminology For Dummies, 2nd EditionChapter 4: Acronyms, Eponyms, Homonyms, Multiples,and Plurals — Oh My! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Acronyms. 32Eponyms. 34Homonyms. 35Deriving a Plural the Medical Way. 37Medical rules for forming plurals. 37English rules of forming plurals. 39Welcome to the Peanut Gallery: More Exceptions to the Plural Rules. 40Chapter 5: Say What? Pronunciation and Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Hooked on Phonics. 45Pronouncing Common Prefixes and Beginning Sounds. 46The sound of silence. 46From your ear to the dictionary. 47Pronouncing Common Suffixes and Endings. 48Pronouncing Common Combinations. 49Putting It All Together. 50What Condition Your Condition Is In. 51Suffering Suffixes. 52Part II: Mapping Words and Bodies. 55Chapter 6: As It Was in the Beginning: Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Common Prefixes. 57A–E prefixes. 58F–J prefixes. 59K–O prefixes. 59P–Z prefixes. 60Matching Prefixes to Situations. 61In your body. 61In the doctor’s office and hospital. 62In the pharmacy and research lab. 63Retro Root Rewind A–M. 63Retro Root Rewind N–Z. 66Chapter 7: So It Shall Be in the End: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Common Suffixes. 69-itis. 69-oma. 70-pathy. 70And lots more suffixes. 70Matching Suffixes to Situations. 73In your body. 73In the doctor’s office and hospital. 74

Table of ContentsChapter 8: Hey, I Know You: Word Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75The Inside Story: Terms for Your Interior. 75Terms for the Outside of Your Body. 81Pathological Conditions. 82Chapter 9: Deconstruction Junction: Breaking Down Words. . . . . . . . 85Finding Parts of Words. 85Identifying word elements. 86Defining the prefix. 86Defining the root word. 87Identifying the combining vowel. 88Defining the suffix. 88Going Deeper into Suffixes. 89Adding Up Individual Word Meanings. 91Chapter 10: An Org Chart to Live By: Organization of the Body . . . . . . 95Looking at the Big Picture. 95Cells. 96Tissues. 97Organs and Systems. 97Cavities of the Body. 98Directional Terms and Anatomical Planes. 100Regions of the Body. 102Chapter 11: All Systems Go: When Systems Combine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Anatomical Systems Working Together. 109The musculoskeletal system. 109The integumentary system. 110The sensory system. 110Physiology Systems Working Together. 111The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. 111The respiratory system. 112The gastrointestinal system. 113The endocrine system. 114The nervous system. 116The urinary and reproductive systems. 116Part III: In Terms of Anatomy. 119Chapter 12: Boning Up on the Skeletal System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121How the Skeletal System Works. 121Bones and osteology. 123Axial skeleton. 124Appendicular skeleton. 126Joints. 127ix

xMedical Terminology For Dummies, 2nd EditionSkeletal Root Words. 128More Anatomical Terms. 130Common Skeletal Conditions. 132Finding the Culprit: Skeletal Diseases and Pathology. 134Testing, Testing: Skeletal Radiology and Diagnostic Tests. 135Paging Dr. Terminology: Skeletal Surgeries and Procedures. 135Chapter 13: Getting Ripped: The Muscular System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139How the Muscular System Works . 139Classes of muscles. 140Types of muscles. 141Muscles and tendons. 142Roundup of the superficial muscles. 142Muscular Roots and Suffixes. 147Action Item: The Movement of Your Muscles. 148Common Muscular Conditions. 149Finding the Culprit: Muscular Diseases and Pathology. 150Testing, Testing: Muscular Radiology and Diagnostic Tests. 151Paging Dr. Terminology: Muscular Surgeries and Procedures. 151It’s All Related: More Muscular Terms. 152Chapter 14: Skin Deep: Skin, Glands, Nails, and Hair . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Layers of Skin. 153Epidermis. 154Dermis. 155Subcutaneous layer. 155Glands, Both Sebaceous and Sudoriferous. 156Hair and Nails. 157Integumentary Root Words. 158Common Integumentary Conditions. 160Finding the Culprit: Integumentary Diseases and Pathology. 161Testing, Testing: Integumentary Radiology and Diagnostic Tests. 163Paging Dr. Terminology: Integumentary Surgeries and Procedures. 164More Integumentary Terms. 165Chapter 15: It Depends on Your Perception: The Sensory Systems. . . . 167The Eye. 167Inner eye. 168Outer eye. 170The Ear. 170Outer ear. 171Middle ear. 172Inner ear. 172