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Title: The Six Thinking HatsDate: 12 July, 2017Presenter: Will Broadus, Professor of Systems Engineering andProgram Management, Defense Acquisition University,Mid-Atlantic RegionModerator: Jim Davis, Logistics Department Chair, DefenseAcquisition University, Mid-Atlantic RegionPresentation Title

DAU WebinarIntroduction toCritical Thinking:Six Thinking Hats

Webinar Learning Objectives1.Need for Critical Thinking2.Power of Parallel Thinking3.The Six Thinking Hats

Critical Thinking Recognized Need by LeadershipNeeded Now More Than Ever––Declining BudgetsClosing Innovation Gap with AdversariesMr. Frank Kendall former USD (AT&L)Implementation Directive for Better Buying Power 2.0

Critical Thinking-Benefits What is Critical .com : “disciplined thinking that is clear,rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence.”

Adding some structure to thinking 36142261712231

Adding some structure to thinking 3614226171223121463226311217

Adding some structure to thinking

Adding some structure to thinking

Thinking Frameworks “Thinking isthe hardestwork there is,which isprobably thereason whyso fewengage in it.”- Henry Ford What methods were used in yourmeetings?Thinking Frameworks - How weapproach thinking–– Argumentative Thinking – SocraticMethodParallel Thinking – focus on a specificmindsetThinking Tools–SWOTAnalysis(Strengths, Weaknesses,Opportunities, & Threats)––Theory of ConstraintsSix Thinking Hats

Argumentative ThinkingArgumentative ThinkingooWestern PhilosophyBig 3 (Socrates, ical ObservationIndividual FocusProcessoCompetitiveNatureRoots

Argumentative Thinking vs Parallel ThinkingArgumentative ThinkingParallel ThinkingooWestern PhilosophyBig 3 (Socrates, rical ObservationIndividual FocusoCompetitiveRootsProcessNatureNo “Right” or “Wrong”Just DifferentooEastern PhilosophyConfuciusoooAnswer Grows From GroupHolistic ViewCollective ContributionoCollaborative

Parallel Thinking Parallel Thinking–– – “Networking” ideasLook at an issue from differentperspectivesGets the whole team involved– Sensitizes thinkingA Creative and CriticalThinking Process– Holistic view of yourPlan for Change DecisionProblem SolvingBuild Thought Map“ALONE WE CAN DO SO LITTLE; TOGETHER WE CAN DO SO MUCH.” - Helen Keller

Thought MapThought Map -A graphic representation of the thinking process a products of thinking

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats After learning the skills behind theSix Thinking Hats system, you’ll:o Hold critical meetings without emotions oregos making bad decisionso Avoid the easy but mediocre decisions byknowing how to dig deepero Increase productivity and even moreimportant – be more effectiveo Make creative solutions the normo Maximize and organize each person’sthoughts and ideaso Get to the right solution quickly and with ashared visionProven time saver to internationalthinkers of all ages!Mission Assistance for Intact Teams

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking HatsWHITE HAT: neutral and objective, concerned with facts and figuresRED HAT: the emotional viewBLACK HAT: careful and cautious, the “devil’s advocate” hatYELLOW HAT: sunny and positiveGREEN HAT: associated with fertile growth, creativity, and new ideasBLUE HAT: cool, color of the sky, above everything else-the organizing hat

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue HatBlueHat Think of blue sky, above everythingelse Purposeo Process Controlo Discipline Processo Summaries and Conclusions

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat Control of ThinkingoBlueHatExample: “We do not have much time to consider thismatter, so we must use our time effectively. Would someonelike to suggest a blue hat?” FocusoExample: “We want to focus on preparing a range ofpossible responses to price cutting by our competitors.” Program DesignoExample: “We will start with some blue hat thinking to designthe program we want to follow.”

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat OrganizingBlueHatooooWhat is the problem?What process will we use?What is the decision?What are the main pointsjustifying the decision?

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – White Hat Think about a white sheet of paperJusttheFacts! o NoEmotion oOpinionooNoNo SpeculationExample: “Fact one: that turkey meat saleshave risen by twenty-five percent in the lastyear. Fact two: some market research showsthat people claim to buy turkey meat because ofcholesterol concerns.”

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – White Hat Whose Fact Is It?ooIt matters who said itTwo Tiers: Checked Fact and Unchecked Fact Japanese-Style InputoMake a thought map Facts, Truth and PhilosophersoJust because you have never seen a blackswan, that doesn’t mean they don’t exist! Who Puts on the Hat?oIndividual or GroupAssumptions are “Facts in Waiting”

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – White Hat Information GapsooooWhat Information are we lacking?Where can we find the Information we need?What Assumptions must we make and monitoras we execute the plan for change?What Norms, Policies, Guidance, Regulation,or Laws must we consider? 3 Main ObjectivesoooUnderstand the ObjectiveContextFraming Assumptions

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Red Hat Think Fire, Reaction, or EmotionoNo justification! The Place of Emotions in ThinkingREDHAToEmotions Can Change During Thinking Process Intuition and HunchesoooValuable to Making Effective ChangesValuable WarningsBased on Judgment and ExperienceGut Feel

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Red Hat Moment to MomentooREDHATCan Use AnytimeExample: “I want to make a red hat statement. Ifeel we are being bullied into an agreement.” The Use of EmotionsooEmotional BackgroundExpose Values The Language of EmotionsooBe PreciseExample: “We are simply out of tune on thismatter.”

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Red Hat EmotionsooREDHAToooWhat is your gut feeling?How might your feelings change overtime?How might other stakeholders feel?List stakeholders and how they mightreact?How might stakeholders feelingschange?All Decisions Are “rooted” in Emotion

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Black Hat Think “Devil’s Advocate”oNeeds Justification Cautious and CarefuloExample: “We need to be aware of possibledangers in order to be on the lookout for them.We need some black hat thinking here.” Content and ProcessooooPoint Out Errors in ThinkingQuestion Strength of EvidenceLink to ConclusionOnly Possible Conclusion?

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Black Hat The Past and the Futureo Project past experience into futureo Examples: “I see a danger that thecompetition will match our lower prices.” The Problem of Overuseo Easy to be Criticalo Easy for Some-Allows Controlo Hard for Others-Gives Permission

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Black Hat Devil’s Advocateo Why will the plan for change NOT work?o What can we do to make this a hugefailure?o Who should we ignore or alienate toensure this plan for change is a failure?

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Yellow Hat Think Sunny and PositiveoCaptures Benefit Speculative-PositiveYellowHatoExample: “The positive thing is now we know how he isgoing to act. The uncertainty is over.” The Positive SpectrumoProven-Good Chance-Even Chance-Long Shot Reasons and Logical SupportooBasis of ViewMust be Supported

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Yellow Hat Constructive ThinkingooYellowHatFind How to Make it WorkExample: “There is abundant water in the mountains fiftymiles away. Would it be feasible to put in a pipeline?” SpeculationoooThe Power of “If”Example: “Bond prices will rise “if” interest rates fall.”Best Scenario Relation to CreativityoFind a Way to Make It Happen Not Another Way

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Yellow HatYellowHat Constructiveo What are the Benefits?o What is the Value Added? Elevator Speech

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Green Hat Think Fertile Growth Creative ThinkingoExample: “Let’s have some new ideas on this. Put onyour green thinking hats.” Lateral ThinkingooPattern Switching in an Asymmetric Patterning SystemBreak Out of Thinking Pattern Movement Instead of JudgmentooStep Forward to New IdeasExample: “I want you to use this idea for its movementvalue not its judgment value. Suppose everyonebecame a policeman.”

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Green Hat The Need for ProvocationoooProvocation Operation (Po)-tool to Jump ThinkingRandomly pick word from a DictionaryExample: “Word Cheese Television Po Cheese.Cheese has holes. Po the TV screen has holes.Perhaps we could put a picture in the picture.” Alternatives Opportunities Personality and SkilloNot about one hat It is about thinking! What Happens to the Ideas?oCreate Idea Managers for good ideas

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Green Hat Alternativeso What are alternative approaches to the plan forchange?o How can we apply the techniques in the planfor change to solve other problems?o Assuming the plan for change is successful,how can we build on that success?o What new ideas does the plan for changegenerate?

Dr. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats – Blue Hat Control and MonitoringBlueHatOrganizing What is the problem?What process will weuse?What is the decision?What are the mainpoints justifying thedecision?o Discipline and Focuso Example: “I am going to put on my bluethinking hat in order to say that I think we arestraying away from the central issue.” Summaries and Conclusionso All wear Blue Hat for thiso Example: “Wearing my blue hat it seems tome that our conclusions are as follows.”

Process IONBENEFITSDISADVANTAGESALTERNATIVES

Process IONBENEFITSYellowW ERNATIVES

Process IONBENEFITSDISADVANTAGESY lwYellowW hiteBlackW hiteBlackBl reen

In Practice“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are InherentlyDangerous.Clifton, VA

In Practice“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal: Construct a Traffic andPedestrian BridgeProcessClifton, VA

In Practice“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal: Construct a Traffic andPedestrian BridgeProcessClifton, LTERNATIVES

In Practice“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal: Construct a Traffic andPedestrian BridgeProcessClifton, VADecisionINFORMATION Accidents at all “at grades”Accidents at this “at grade”Accidents at bridgesCost of constructionCost of maintenance “atgrade”Cost of maintenance “bridge”National Historic RegistryEMOTIONBENEFITSDISADVANTAGESALTERNATIVES

In Practice“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal: Construct a Traffic andPedestrian BridgeProcessClifton, VADecisionINFORMATION Accidents at all “at grades”Accidents at this “at grade”Accidents at bridgesCost of constructionCost of maintenance “atgrade”Cost of maintenance “bridge”National Historic RegistryEMOTION Commuters HappyResidents AngryCSX HappyConstruction Co HappyGallop not HappyBENEFITSDISADVANTAGESALTERNATIVES

In Practice“At-Grade” Rail Crossings are Inherently Dangerous.Idea/Proposal: Construct a Traffic andPedestrian BridgeProcessClifton, VADecisionINFORMATION Accidents at all “at grades”Accidents at this “at grade”Accidents at bridgesCost of constructionCost of maintenance “atgrade”Cost of maintenance “bridge”National Historic RegistryEMOTION Commuters HappyResidents AngryCSX HappyConstruction Co HappyGallop not HappyBENEFITS Safer Pedestrian Friendly Commuter FriendlyDISADVANTAGESALTERNATIVES