WIXLIB

The Multiverse Fine tuning probability Only our universe isobservable/measurable 10**500 universes possibleNo need for Anthropic PrincipleExists by chance/luck?Fine tuned for lifePseudoscience SpeculationNot verifiable/falsifiable@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama35

String Theory Universe made up of ten dimensions Now 5 major string theories Strings vibrate in multiple dimensionsCannot detect all dimensions directlyLater increased to eleven dimensionsAppear to describe same thingfrom different perspectivesM-Theory – a Theory of Everything?Speculation onlyWe live in a 4-dimensional world Height, length, width, time@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama36

Cosmology & Philosophy“I describe the history of the development of the standard bigbang cosmology and how it is understood in terms of itsphilosophical underpinnings. The Cosmological Principle isexplained as the major and essential assumption upon which itall depends. Due to this it has been required to invent unknownstuff, expansion of space, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, CMBradiation as afterglow of Big Bang, and Inflation. None of theseare experimental observed in the lab.”Dr. John Hartnett, Australian Creation Cosmologist“That barrier to knowledge, some argue, is cosmology’sAchilles’ heel. ‘Cosmology may look like a science, but it isn’t ascience,’ says James Gunn of Princeton University, co-founderof the Sloan survey. ‘A basic tenet of science is that you can dorepeatable experiments, and you can’t do that in cosmology.’”Dr. James Gunn, Princeton University, Astrophysicist@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama37

In Conclusion – Origin of Universe Big Bang “fudge” factors explained by Inflation? Cosmic Inflation is unobserved Dark matter, dark energy, red shift quantaHorizon, Flatness, Monopole problems‘Smoking gun’ is model dependentUniverse from nothing – NOFine tuning is realMultiverse is speculationString Theory/M-Theory is not scienceCosmology depends on unverifiable assumptions@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama38

5b. Origin of First Life The Latest NewsIngredients For LifeAbiogenesis Possible?How Did Life Begin? "The origin of life . abounds with .exotic theories, which are neverentirely abandoned or accepted, butmerely go in and out of fashion.“J. HorganDarwin’s Little PondWarm Little Ponds?Ocean VentsPanspermiaLife From Mars?Self-assemblyIn Conclusion@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama39

The Latest News New Scientist, 4/25/14 Science Daily, 1/24/14 Mars could have supported life: ten yearson Mars leads to livable mudScience Daily, 3/21/13 Spark of life: Metabolism appears in labwithout cells – occurred spontaneouslyEnzymes allow DNA to swapinformation with exotic moleculesScience Daily, 4/4/13 Power behind primordialsoup discoveredPhosphorus found on Mars@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama40

More Recent News US News & World Report, 5/7/14 Scientific American, 6/1/14 How to Search for Life on MarsWe know that liquid water onceflowed across its surfaceDNA Blog, 10/10/13 Scientists create 1st living organism from artificial DNAHow Craig Venter Created LifeCraig Venter & team have built the genome of abacterium from scratch & incorporated it into a cellto make “so-called” world’s first synthetic life formScientific American, 6/1/14 Students build first eukaryotic chromosome from scratch@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama41

Ingredients For Life Amino acids (proteins)Handedness (chirality)DNA/RNA componentsSugars (backbone)Lipids (cell membrane)Chicken & egg problem – DNA? RNA? Protein?@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama42

Abiogenesis Possible? Miller/Urey experimentEarth? Sea? Mars?Show stoppers: Information (DNA/RNA)Complexity, redundancyMathematical probability“There is enough informationcapacity in a single human cellto store the EncyclopediaBritannica, all 30 volumes of it,three or four times over.”Richard DawkinsThus the code can not be translatedexcept by using certain products ofits translation. This constitutes abaffling circle; a really viciouscircle, it seems, for any attempt toform a model or theory of thegenesis of the genetic code.”Sir Karl Popper, Philosopher of Science@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama43

How Did Life Begin? Edge of an ancient tidal pool?Over the last 50 years, “no empiricalDeep in the ocean? From outer space? Hydrothermal vent?Volcanic pool?Meteorite, comet, asteroid?evidence supports the hypotheses ofspontaneous appearance of life onearth from nothing but a molecularsoup, and no significant advance inscientific knowledge leads in thisdirection.”Prof. of Biology Meinesz, 2008Possible steps (self-assembly?): Spontaneous chemicals- bubble-like structuresComplex moleculesSelf-replicating moleculeCellular metabolism@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama44

Self-Replicating Molecule?“In conclusion, molecular biology in recentyears has revealed previously unimagined levelsof sophistication in the details of sub-cellularorganization and function. The availableevidence from the field and the laboratory is notamicable to the theory that life began with theaccidental assembly of a self-replicatingmolecule. It is now accepted with so manyqualifications that its scientific integrity, even asa heuristic device, is questionable.”Creation Ministries International@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama45

Darwin’s Little Pond (1871)"It is often said that all the conditions forthe first production of a living organismare now present, which could ever havebeen present. But if (and oh! what a bigif!) we could conceive in some warmlittle pond, with all sorts of ammoniaand phosphoric salts, light, heat,electricity, etc., present, that a proteine(sic) compound was chemically formedready to undergo still more complexchanges, at the present day such matterwould be instantly absorbed, whichwould not have been the case beforeliving creatures were found."@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama46

Warm Little Ponds? Test of Darwin’s idea Hot little puddles associatedwith volcanoesVolcanic pools do not providethe right conditions to spawn lifeNo evidence for existence ofconcentrated little pondsHot acidic waters with clay Organic compounds clingtoo tightly to the clayNo further chemical reactions possible@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama47

Hydrothermal Vents Spontaneous generation - falsified Areas on the seafloor where water heated byvolcanic activity under the seabed gushes out Volcanic pool?Hydrothermal vent?Too hot for amino acid survivalExperiment in Japan in 2012? Simulated conditions in flow reactor“Proof” based on evolutionary faithLongest polymer 6 amino acids, not 100’s@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama48

Ocean Vent Problems Ultraviolet rays kill amino acidsOrganic molecules unstable 80FSource of organic building blocks?Proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids do notform in the ocean by themselvesProteins in ocean do not concentrate“The idea of such a ‘soup’ containing all desiredorganic molecules in concentrated form in theocean has been a misleading concept againstwhich objections were raised early.”Mojzsis, The RNA World@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama49

Panspermia? Interstellar dust Comet or asteroid may be sourceof raw ingredients needed for lifeSpace rocks brought water andorganic molecules to earthMeteorite created geothermal ventIce melted in impact craters“Nothing illustrates clearly justhow intractable a problem theorigin of life has become than thefact that world authorities canseriously toy with the idea ofpanspermia.”Michael Denton,Evolution a Theory in CrisisTwo requirements: Extraterrestrial life sourceTransfer of life to earth@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama50

Life From Mars? Gases inside rock AR & CO2Fossil microbial life?No sign of biological activityContaminated by earth?Bacteria could not survive onmeteorite – extreme heatDestructive cosmic raysExtreme cold of outer spaceDirected panspermia – seeds sent by aliens? (Francis Crick)Life could spread from planet to planet or fromstellar system to stellar system, carried on meteors.”Stephen Hawking, Origins Symposium, 2009@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama51

Self-Assembly/Organization“Certain organic compounds have the capacity to react with each other toform more complex molecules such as hydrocarbons, amino acids andsimple sugars. Some of these can spontaneously self-assemble intomembrane structures, and others can polymerize into molecules similar toproteins and nucleic acids. These in turn form larger self-assembledstructures such as the double helix of DNA. Because there were no genesor enzymes available on the prebiotic Earth to direct the metabolism andreproduction characteristic of living organisms, the first forms of life musthave been produced through a spontaneous self-assembly process.”David Deamer, Evolution: Investigating the Evidence, 1999 Requirements Self-replicating moleculeCatalysis mechanismSynchronizationSelf-assembly conjecture!@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama52

Life By Undirected Natural Causes? No known procedure to generate life: Probabilities of: By unknown prebiotic mechanismNot even in the laboratoryWorking protein: 1 in 10**175Living cell: 1 in 10**340,000,000But life obviously exists Not by natural causes!“The statistical probability that organic structuresand the most precisely harmonized reactions thattypify living organisms would be generated byaccident, is zero.”Ilya Prigogine, 1972@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama53

In Conclusion – Origin of 1st Life Simplest life250K base pairs(3B in human genome) Can’t happen here! Primordial soupPond, vent, volcanoEarth, ocean, MarsPanspermiaSelf-assembly is hype No evidenceNot testableMathematical probability of non-life - life 0!@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama54

5c. Origin of Complex Life Forms1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Confusion of Terms UsedTransitional Fossils MissingLife and InformationThe Altenberg 16Natural Selection in QuestionThe Myth of “Junk” DNAHuman & Chimp DNA Similarity?In Conclusion@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama55

1. Confusion of Terms Used Definition of Evolution Deceptive tactics Strawman and bait-and-switchEvolution – a philosophy, not science Microevolution/Adaptation vs. MacroevolutionNot testable, verifiable or falsifiableCircular reasoning Natural selection – the fittest are those who survive,and those who survive are the fittestAge – geological layers with index fossils@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama56

Macro-Evolution? A world-famous chemist tellsthe truth: there’s no scientistalive today who understandsmacroevolution,March 2014Professor James M. Tour@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama57

Dawkins’ Deceptive Tactics Knocking down strawman arguments Refuting a caricature ofopponent’s positionKind is broader than speciesNatural selection is notunique to EvolutionEquivocation (bait-and-switch) Meaning of EvolutionChange in gene frequency with timeDescent with modificationExamples of alleged Evolution in action@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama58

2. Transitional Fossils Missing Cambrian layer containsfossils of most Phylaknown to manOnly soft-bodiedorganisms (e.g. worms)found in pre-CambrianstrataNumber of speciesfossilized in higherlayers decreases ineach higher layer@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama59

“Living Fossils” Coelacanth fish “25-million-year-old”termite fossils in amber “Extinct” about“70 million years” agoLive fish found in 1938Identical to termitesliving todayDarwin predicted fossilswould show changes infossil record over the years@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama60

Fossil Record – Circular Reasoning Reformulated theory of Evolution in 1970’s Evolutionists see patterns in fossil record: Cladistic methods do not identify ancestorsPunctuated equilibrium explains away failure ofDarwinian theoryAbsence of change, i.e. stasisLarge morphological gaps between lifeformsAbsence of clear ancestors and lineagesLack of evidence “fact” of Evolution punctuated equilibrium@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama61

3. Life and Information Evolution presupposition Creation presupposition The universe consists of only two materialfundamental entities – mass and energyThere is a third entity – informationInformation is encoded within the DNA/RNA ofall plant and animal cellsLife material (nonmaterial) informationInformation has the following four components: Code, meaning, action, purpose@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama62

Information in Biological Systems Code: 4 letters – adenine (A),cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) Meaning: each 3-letter word represents1 of the 20 amino acids necessary forprotein formation Words (codons) composed of 3 lettersSequence of codons in the DNA representssequence of amino acids in a proteinAction: proteins needed for construction,function, maintenance, reproduction of theorganism and its cellular componentsPurpose: reproduction of life@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama63

4. The Altenberg 16 An expose of the evolution industryAuthor: Suzan Mazur, journalistMeeting of 16 Evolution scientists Austria, July 2008Questions about Evolution mechanismsDiscover the elusive process of EvolutionInterviews with Lewontin, Dawkins,Margulis, etc.“hundreds of other evolutionary scientists who contendthat natural selection is politics, not science ”Suzan Mazur, 2008@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama64

Neo-Darwinian Mechanisms?“We are grappling with the increasing feeling that wejust don’t have the theoretical and analytical toolsnecessary to make sense of the bewildering diversity andcomplexity of living organisms”(from the invitation to attend the Altenberg conference, p. 31).“Basically I don’t think anybody knows howevolution works [emphasis added]” (Jerry Fodor, p. 34).“She [Lynn Margulis] sees natural selection as‘neither the source of heritable novelty nor theentire evolutionary process’ and has pronouncedneo-Darwinism ‘dead’, since there’s no adequateevidence in the literature that random mutationsresult in new species” (Mazur, p. 257).@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama65

5. Natural Selection and Mutations“Natural Selection does not explain theorigin of new variants, only the processof changes in their frequency.”“But Evolution is more than merely achange in trait distributions or allelefrequencies; it also includes the origin ofthe variation.” John Endler (Evolutionist)Evolution is not the same as Natural Selection An old bait-and-switch tactic@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama66

6. The Myth of “Junk” DNA “Junk DNA” term coined in 1972 Argument used by (even in 2004): Vast majority of the genome ( 98%)that does not code for proteins“Junk” DNA sequences serve nobiological purpose, evolutionaryremnantsDawkins, Futuyma, Miller, Coyne,Avise, Kitcher, Shermer, CollinsClaimed to be evidence against ID Relies on theological speculations@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama67

Some DNA History 1953: DNA double helix discovered1970: some DNA doesn’t encodeproteins1986: Denton – Theory in Crisis2003: Human Genome project done2006: Collins – evidence for Evol.2009: Dawkins – evidence for Evol.2012: ENCODE Project completed Worldwide scientific research effort@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama68

ENCODE Project ResultsEncyclopedia of DNA Elements, non-protein-coding DNA@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama69

7. Human & Chimp DNA Similarity? Chromosomes (human 23; chimp 24)Evolutionary assumptions Creation assumptions Genome sequence about 98.8% same[Incomplete sequencing]Common designer95% same counting insertions/deletionsShorter telomeres in humans10% larger chimp genomeAnzai study 86.7% same@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama70

@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama71

Tomkins/Bergman (2012) Similarity re-evaluated using omitted data Using highly selective data Used prescreened samples/dataDissimilar data omittedGap data often discardedInfluenced by Darwinian dogmaTouted 98% similarityUsing data from various publications Include 2005 Chimp genome report87% identical, perhaps even 81%@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama72

8. In Conclusion – Complex Life Must use terms consistently Transitional fossils still missing Stasis, gaps between life forms, missing ancestorsLife requires mass energy informationAltenberg 16 expose fallacy of Evolution mechanismNatural Selection is not EvolutionMost mutations are not beneficial (no new info)“Junk DNA” is a myth Avoid bait-and-switch & strawman argumentsNot result of Evolution, 98% - 20% -Human & chimp DNA very different 1.5% (Evolution bias) - 20 % (include all differences)@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama73

6. The Verdict Science is possible because of the laws of nature Origin of the universe requires a Designer Life mass energy information (DNA)Origin of complex life forms requires a Designer Created fine-tuned for lifeOrigin of first life requires a Designer Fixed by God, Jer. 33:25Life material (mass energy) immaterial (info)“Evolution Gaps” Just-so evolution storiesFailed in the past, fail now, will fail in the future@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama74

New Atheists’ “Science” isLargely Pseudoscience!Thank youfor yourattention!Dr. Heinz sages“The Ethos of Science: 1) open questioning, 2) no authorities, 3) honesty,4) transparency, 5) reliance on evidence, 6) understanding uncertainty,7) peer review, and 8) testability – can make the world a better place byburying myth, superstition, and dogma and fanatical certainty.”Dr. Lawrence Krauss@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama75

New Atheist Pseudoscience 1. What Is Science? 2. Origins: Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design (ID) 3. Pseudoscience of the Past 4. New Atheists & Their Books 5. Pseudoscience Today In: a. Origin of the Universe b. Orig