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ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2013 andIECC 2015: A Review of theLighting RequirementsERIC RICHMAN, LC, FIESU.S. Department of Energy - Building Energy Codes ProgramAIA Provider #: I014AIA Course #: BECPWSM16May 12, 2016PNNL-SA-1028121
Course DescriptionReview and comparison of the Lighting requirements in theASHRAE/IES 90.1-2013 and IECC 2015 national energycodes.
Learning ObjectivesUnderstand the basic requirements of the 90.1-2013 and IECC 2015Lighting and Power requirementsBecome familiar with the development basis for some of the majorrequirementsReview examples of acceptable paths to compliance for specific coderequirementsBetter understand the code application process for use in realprojects.
Why 90.1-2013 and IECC 2015?ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2013:is adopted in some US States and represents some of the latestdeveloped requirements across the countryprovides much of the basis for other existing energy codesIECC 2015:is most widely adopted energy code in the UShas many requirements that are identical or similar to 90.1-2013references 90.1-2013 as an alternative compliance pathThis presentation is based on ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2013 withnotation of differences in IECC 2015
Some Relevant Code BackgroundASHRAE/IES 90.1jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and IES.developed by engineers, builders, lighting designersmanufacturers, building operators, and advocatesprovisions are often adopted/modified for other codescurrent published version is 90.1-2013Other versions adopted and used in various statesIECCdeveloped by the International Code Council throughapproval of membership (primarily building officials)primarily a unified collection of provisions from othersCurrent version is 2015Other versions adopted and used in various states5
The Basis for Energy Code RequirementsIn the 1990s, the Energy Conservation and Production Act (amendedby EPAct 1992) required that States adopt energy codesThe U.S. DOE determines the effective stringency level to meet orexceed (currently 90.1-2013)States adopt (or develop) codes or standards to meet theserequirementsMany versions of nationally available codes (90.1, IECC) areenforced .and some states still have no statewide code
Interior Lighting Power Density (LPD) LimitsSpace-by-Space LPDs - The change from the previous 90.12010 version is mixed – some went up but others went downBuilding area LPDs - Most stayed about the same with a fewbeing reduced90.1-2013 added new spaces used exclusively by the “visuallyimpaired” (higher LPD allowance) in specific facilities:A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can bedocumented as being designed to comply with the light levelsin ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed bylocal/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adultdaycare, senior support and/or people with special visualneeds.
LPD Limits for IECC 2015Whole building LPDs identical to 90.1-2013Space type LPDs mostly the same as 90.1-2013 withexceptions:IECC 2015 Lower than 90.1-2013:Hospital CorridorDining area for visually impairedIECC 2015 Higher than 90.1-2013:Electrical/Mechanical roomSales Area8
Where Do Space Type LPDs Come From?For 90.1 - Developed within the ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1Lighting subcommittee with IESNA committee support.Generated from building space type models using the IESlumen method calculation and applying:Current lighting product performance dataCurrent lamp/ballast efficacy and light loss factorsLatest IESNA recommended light levelsProfessional consensus of quality lighted environmentsThese elements are combined in the models to calculatespace type lighting power densitiesIES recommended light level basis ensures that qualitylighting designs can be maintained with compliance9
and Whole Building LPDs?Developed from detailed room datafor commercial buildingsDODGE Construction plan setsComplete space type area takeoffs fordetailed square footage by space typeCurrent set at 387 buildings representing31 building typesApplicable space type model LPDsassigned to each spaceWeighted average whole buildingLPDs calculated
Energy Code LPDs and LED LightingEnergy codes do limit the installed lighting power forinterior and exterior (LPD), but .Currently adopted energy codes typically do not:specify individual technologiesInclude LED product efficacies in determining LPD limitsHowever .The 2016 version of 90.1 will include LED technologyas a driver for LPD limits because of:Proven efficacy and energy savings capabilityContinued reduced costProduct maturity and reasonable applicabilityUntil 90.1-2016 (and IECC 2018) are adopted theuse of LED technology (when well applied!) can helpwith code compliance
LPD Exemptions90.1-2013 lists 18 exemptions - interior lighting wattage you DO NOThave to count for compliance:a.b.c.d.e.f.g.Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments.Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer.Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment.Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases.Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment.Lighting for plant growth or maintenance.Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs including visual impairment andother medical and age-related issues.h. Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions.i. Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark.j. Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage.k. Exit si gns.l. Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems.m. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film and video production.n. Lighting for television broadcasting in sporting activity areas.o. Casino gaming areas.p. Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shutoff and complies with Section 9.4.1.6(d).q. Mirror lighting in dressing rooms and accent lighting in religious pulpit and choir areas.r. Parking garage transition lighting: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances and exits from buildings and parking structures, thatcomply with section 9.4.1.3 aIECC has a similar set of exemptions – review the actual codeCompliance tools may not always completely and clearly representexemptions – review the actual codeDon’t leave watts on the table
Interior LPD AdjustmentRoom Cavity Ratio Adjustment for unusual spacesUsed only with the space by space methodCalculate Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for a roomIf greater than listed RCR threshold, a 20% increase is allowedFor corridor/transition spaces, the increase is allowed forspaces with widths less than 8 feetThis adjustment is not included in IECC 2015
Interior LPD AdjustmentRCR 2.5 X Room Cavity Height X Room Perimeter Length / Room Area
Retail Display AllowancesAdditional allowance for lighting specificallydesigned/installed to highlight merchandiseAdditional Lighting Power Allowance:1000 watts (Retail Area 1 0.6 W/ft2) (Retail Area 2 0.6 W/ft2) (Retail Area 3 1.4 W/ft2) (Retail Area 4 2.5 W/ft2)Retail Area 1 floor area for all products not listed in Retail Areas 2, 3, or 4Retail Area 2 floor area for vehicles, sporting goods, and small electronicsRetail Area 3 floor area for furniture, clothing, cosmetics, and artworkRetail Area 4 floor area for jewelry, crystal, and china.These are use-it-or-loose-it allowances – only for display lightingIECC 2015 provides only 500W base allowance instead of 1000W
Exterior Lighting Power LimitsTradable surfacesCommon exterior applications wherewattage can be traded for other needs.For example, wattage allowed for parkinglot lighting can be “traded” and used forcanopy lighting.Nontradable surfacesLess common exterior lighted needs thatcannot be traded for other needs.These applications have more specificsecurity or task illuminance needs.16
Exterior Power Allowance by Zones (partial list)Zone 1Zone 2Zone 3Zone 4500 W600 W750 W1300 W0.04 W/ft0.06 W/ft20.10 W/ft20.13 W/ft20.7 W/linear foot0.7 W/linear foot0.8 W/linear foot1.0 W/linear footSpecial Feature Areas0.14 W/ft20.14 W/ft20.16 W/ft20.2 W/ft2Stairways0.75 W/ft21.0 W/ft21.0 W/ft21.0 W/ft2Pedestrian Tunnels0.15 W/ft20.15 W/ft20.2 W/ft20.3 W/ft2Landscaping0.04 W/ft20.05 W/ft20.05 W/ft20.05 W/ft2Base SiteAllowanceTradableSurfacesUncovered Parking AreasParking areas and drives2Building GroundsWalkways less than 10 feetwideWalkways 10 feet wide orgreaterPlaza areas
Exterior Lighting Power Allowance ZonesThe zone designations follow the current IESNA development workon Model Lighting Ordinances (MLO)
Exterior LPD Limits for IECC 2015IECC 2015 exterior LPD values are the same as 90.1-2013with limited exceptions:IECC 2015 has slightly lower LPD allowances for BuildingFaçade categoryIECC 2015 does not include a few new categories in 90.12013:LandscapingLoading Docks19
Interior Lighting Control RequirementsInterior control requirements in 90.1-2013 and IECC 2015are applied by space type (with exemptions)90.1-2013 has adopted a tabular format that showscontrol requirements by space along with applicable LPDlimits and separately defines each control type.IECC 2015 specifies and defines control requirements insections and paragraphs with defined or listed application.Both have similar approaches to control but with somedifferences in application.
90.1 Tabular Format for Controls (and LPDs)TABLE 9.6.1 - Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Methodand Minimum Control Requirements Using Either MethodcdefScheduled Shutoff see9.4.1.1 (i)bAutomatic Partial OFF see9.4.1.1 (g)(Full Off complies)Automatic DaylightResponsive Controls forToplighting see 9.4.1.1 (f)6Bi-level Lighting Control see9.4.1.1 (d)Restricted to Partial AutomaticON see 9.4.1.1 (c)aAutomatic Full OFF see9.4.1.1 (h)Audience Seating Area. in a motion picture theater. in a penitentiary. in a performing arts theater. in a religious building. in a sports arena otherwiseBanking Activity AreaBreakroom (SeeLounge/Breakroom)Classroom/Lecture Hall/TrainingRoom in a penitentiary otherwiseConference/Meeting/Multipurpose RoomConfinement CellsCopy/Print RoomLPDRCR(watts/sq.ft. Threshol)dAutomatic DaylightResponsive Controls forSidelighting see 9.4.1.1 (e)6Common Space Types1Restricted to Manual ON see9.4.1.1 (b)Local Control see 9.4.1.1 (a)The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions foundin the referenced paragraphs within Section 9.4.1.1. For each Space Type:(1) All REQ's shall be implemented.(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be REQREQREQREQREQADD2REQREQREQADD2
Interior Lighting Control RequirementsEach space is required to have or is limited by one or morecontrol functions:Local on/off controlManual on restrictionPartial automatic on (occupancy/timer based)Partial automatic off (occupancy/timer based) - not used in IECC 2015Automatic full off (occupancy/timer based)Bi-level control available to occupantScheduled automatic shutoffDaylight control (Continuous dimming or multi-step) – sidelighting ortoplighting as appropriate
Occupancy Based or Timer/shutoff Control90.1-2013 requires occupancy sensor or automatictimer/scheduled shutoff control in most spaces (someexceptions apply)IECC 2015 applies the specific occupancy sensorrequirement to a specific limited list:Classroom, conferencePrivate office, copy/printStorage, janitorial closetsRestrooms, locker roomsWarehousesOther rooms 300 ft2 and smallerIECC 2015 requires automatic timer/shutoff control in allother spaces (some exceptions apply)
Occupancy Manual-on Control RestrictionBoth 90.1 and IECC require that Automatic controldevices shall not be set to Automatically turn thelighting to full on.This effectively requires manual-on OR 50% auto-onfunction for automatic controlsExceptions (where full automatic-on is allowed):public corridors, and stairwells, restrooms,primary building entrance areas and lobbies ,areas where manual-on operation would endanger thesafety or security of the room or building occupant(s).
“Bi-Level” Space Lighting ControlManual controls for lighting are required to provide atleast one control step between 30% and 70% plus fullon and off. Applies to:Many spaces in 90.1-2013Only spaces with timer control in IECC 2015Exemptions:Lights in corridors, electrical/mechanical rooms, public lobbies,restrooms, stairways, and storage rooms. IECC 2015 does notexempt restrooms, stairways, and storage roomsSpaces with only one luminaire with rated input power 100W.Space types with a lighting power allowance 0.6 W/ft2
Partial Auto-Off Control90.1-2013 requires automatic partial off for spacespreviously exempted from any shutoff including somecorridors and lobbies, stairwell, warehouse.IECC 2015 either exempts from control or requires fulloff.State or local egress requirements may exempt ormodify this requirements in application
Daylighting ControlElectric lighting must be controlled whendaylight is available and made availablewhen possibleRequire the control of electric lighting when top and side daylight ispresent .AND .Require the installation of skylights when applicable (exceptionsapply)
Lighting Control for ToplightingElectric lighting must be automaticallycontrolled if toplighting daylight is availableApplied based on “daylight area under skylights” “daylightarea under rooftop monitors” with lighting wattage exceeding150WControl is required for the general lighting over these areas –some exceptions applyControl must be multi-level photocontrol - at least two outputlevels at 0% - 35% and 50% - 70% or Continuous dimming
“Daylight Area Under Skylights” – Top ViewVerticalObstructions
Lighting Control for SidelightingElectric lighting must be automatically controlledif sidelighting daylight is availableApplied based on “primary sidelighted area” with lightingwattage exceeding 150W.Control is required for the general lighting over theseareas – some exceptions applyControl must be multi-level photocontrol - at least twooutput levels at 0% - 35% and 50% - 70% orContinuous dimming
“Primary Sidelighted Area” – Top View
Interior Parking Garage ControlParking garage lighting must be automaticallycontrolled including daylightingReduce lighting power by 30% or more when no occupancy detectedin a lighting zone ( 3,600 sf)Daylight transition zone lighting (66 ft. wide by 50 ft.) must beseparately controlled for eye adaptation.Daylight control required for lights within 20 feet of perimeter wall withnet opening to wall ratio of 40%.Exceptions applyThese controlsare not requiredin IECC 2015
Parking Garage Control
Parking Garage Control: Opening to Wall Ratio
Exterior Lighting ControlRequires specific daylight and building operationlighting controls for exteriorAutomatic dusk-to-dawn shutoff requiredBuilding façade/landscape lighting must be off from latestof midnight or closing to earliest of 6am or openingOther lighting including ad signage, shall be automaticallyreduced by at least 30% either after-hours or when area isunoccupiedExceptions apply
Advanced Control IncentivesIf all mandatory control requirements are met ANDadvanced controls are installed, THEN additionallimited lighting power is allowedBased on control of specific spaces onlyAdditional power can be used anywhere in the buildingAdditional Interior Lighting Power is calculated as:Lighting Power Under Control x Control FactorAvailable options are limited and reflect very advancedsystems, programmable control, or additional control insecondary spacesIncentives are not provided in IECC 2015
Control Factors for Advanced Optional Controls(partial list)Control Factors Varying by space typeSpace TypeAdditional Control oom(lect./train.)RetailSalesareaLobby, Atrium, Dining,Corridor/stairs, Gym/poolMall concourse, ParkinggarageManual, continuous dimmingcontrol OR Programmablemulti-level dimming control0.050.10*0.10Programmable multi-leveldimming control usingprogrammable time scheduling0.050.10*0.10.1Multi-level occupancy sensors0.050.0500Automatic bi-level or multi levelswitching in primarysidelightedareas when EA 0.15000.10 . .*These control factors may only be used if the requirements of section 9.4.1.2 are met using an occupancy sensor.
Alterations RequirementsLighting alterations (retrofits) must complywith interior and exterior power limitsIncludes retrofits where luminaires are added,replaced, or removed.Altered interior space or exterior area orapplication must also have basic auto shutoffcontrol IECC 2015 requires full lighting sectioncompliance including controls as applicableAlterations of less than 10% of a spaces connectedlighting load are exempted (IECC 2015 exceptionnotes both 10% or 50% of luminaires)Includes lamp plus ballast retrofits Not includedas part of IECC 2015
Functional Testing of ControlsFunctional testing required for lightingcontrols (calibrated, adjusted, programmed)Must be performed by individuals NOT involved in design,manufacture, or installation IECC 2015 only specifies that designprofessional verify that controls perform as designedPrimarily for occupant sensors, time switches, or daylight controlphotosensorsVerify all performance criteria is metConfirm occupant sensor time-out and sensitivity settingsConfirm timers and programs set to turn lights offConfirm photosensor controls effectively control electric lightingMust follow specific (step-by-step) directions
Power RequirementsLow Voltage Dry Transformer efficiencyMust effectively meet EPAct 2005Voltage Drop for efficiency Not part of IECC 2015Feeder circuits – 2% of design loadBranch circuits – 3% of design loadAutomatic receptacle control – 50% Not part ofIECC 2015Electrical MeteringDocument submittalsDrawingsManuals
Receptacle (wall plug) ControlA portion of receptacles (wall plugs) in a space musthave automatic shutoff controlApplies to 50% of 125 volt, 15 and 20 Amp receptacles in:Private offices and Conference roomsPrint/copy rooms and Break roomsOpen office workstations and Computer classroomsAlso applies to 25% of modular furniture circuitsRequires automatic control using: time-of-dayschedule, occupancy sensor, or other automatic occupancy controlExceptions for safety/security or required 24 hour useControlled receptacles must be marked and uniformly distributedPlug-in type devices do not complyThese requirements are not included in IECC 2015
Electrical Energy Use MonitoringFor new construction only. Separate measurement for:Total electrical energyHVAC systemsInterior and exterior lighting separatelyReceptacle circuitsSeparate tenants monitored separatelyRecording and data availability requiredExceptions:Building 25,000 sq.ft. or tenant 10,000 sq.ft. or dwelling unitResidential buildings w/ 10,000 sq.ft. common areaCritical branches (NEC 517)IECC 2015 only requires separate electrical meterfor each dwelling unit
Additional IECC 2015 RequirementAdditional Efficiency Package RequirementOne additional efficiency feature must be selected to comply withIECC 2015More efficient HVAC performance, ORReduced lighting power density system, OREnhanced lighting controls, OROn-site supply of renewable energy, ORDedicated outdoor air system, ORMore efficient SWH43
IECC 2015 Additional EfficiencyPackage OptionsReduced lighting powerUse only 90% of whole building LPD for compliance ORUse only 90% of the space-by-space LPD for compliance .OR .Enhanced digital lighting controls:Luminaires capable of continuous dimmingLuminaires capable of being addressed individually OR as acontrolled group of 4 luminaires/ 8 luminaires together in adaylight zoneFixtures controlled through digital control system that includes:Control reconfiguration based on digital addressabilityLoad sheddingIndividual user control of overhead general illumination in open officesOccupancy sensors capable of reconfiguration through the digitalsystem44
A Few Words About Compliance EnforcementDOE requires adoption of codes .but .State and local jurisdictions monitor compliance.Codes are not perfect!.your project may not fitthe requirements .interpretation may be neededMost building officials are just as interested in areasonable application of the code as the builderworking to the intent of the requirement is the goaloffering an energy-effective solution with reasoningmay prove successful!
THANK YOU!Building Energy Codes Programwww.energycodes.govBECP help p-deskEric RichmanEric.richman@pnnl.govBuilding Energy Codes Program46
QUESTIONS?
ASHRAE/IES 90.1 jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and IES. developed by engineers, builders, lighting designers manufacturers, building operators, and advocates provisions are often adopted/modified for other codes current published version is 90.1-20
