ASVAB For Dummies, V AB

Transcription

Spine: 0.9189”Study Aids/Test Prep/ASVABg Easier!Making Everythin 3rd EditionAre you ready to tackle the ASVAB and begin your military career?If so, this essential guide provides a comprehensive review ofall nine subtest subjects covered on the paper enlistment andthe CAT-ASVAB (computer adaptive test). You’ll get hands-on,easy-to-follow guidance on what to expect on all the subtests,cutting-edge strategies and tactics for studying, and test-taking tipsand advice. With help from ASVAB For Dummies, you’ll perform wellon the test and be on your way to beginning (or advancing) yourmilitary career.Open the book and find: Tips for improving yourvocabulary How to assemble objects Math terminology andoperations you need to know Algebra and geometry reviews The “real world” of math wordproblems Critical concepts in generalscience Auto & shop information Decipher the ASVAB — get the 4-1-1 on every aspect of the ASVAB, frommaking sense of the subtests to understanding how it’s scored Ten tips for doing well on testday Be prepared — get ready for test day challenges Three sample tests and oneAFQT Take your best shot — discover strategies for making the best guesstimatewhen in doubtBAVSAASVABAce the ASVAB by sharpening yourtest-taking skills with this updatedand expanded bestselling guide Questions throughout to helpreinforce learning Multiply your math skills — grasp the math operations needed to scoreyour best — from working with fractions to solving algebra problems Get technical — get a handle on the scientific, technical, electrical, andmechanical knowledge covered on specific subtests Land your dream job — find out which subtests are most important toyour specific military career goals Practice makes perfect — get acquainted with the different types ofproblems before taking the actual practice testsLearn to: Score higher to qualify for the military jobyou wantGo to Dummies.com for videos, step-by-step photos,how-to articles, or to shop! Build word knowledge and paragraphcomprehension Test your skills with practice problemsfor each of the test’s nine subtests Take three full-length practice tests plusone AFQT 18.00 US / 22.00 CN / 13.99 UKISBN 978-0-470-63760-9Rod Powers is a recognized expert in all U.S. military matters and servesas a military guide for About.com, where his page receives approximately1.5 million views per week. He is the author of ASVAB AFQT For Dummiesand Veterans Benefits For Dummies.Rod PowersPowersU.S. military expert and military guidefor About.com3rd Edition

Spine: 0.9189”Get More and Do More at Dummies.com Start with FREE Cheat SheetsCheat Sheets include Checklists Charts Common Instructions And Other Good Stuff!To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go tosppAMobilewww.dummies.com/cheatsheet/asvabGet Smart at Dummies.comDummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000sof answers on everything from removing wallpaperto using the latest version of Windows.Check out our Videos Illustrated Articles Step-by-Step InstructionsPlus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering ourDummies.com sweepstakes. *Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on Digital Photography Microsoft Windows & Office Personal Finance & Investing Health & Wellness Computing, iPods & Cell Phones eBay Internet Food, Home & GardenThere’s a Dummies App for This and ThatWith more than 200 million books in print and over 1,600 uniquetitles, Dummies is a global leader in how-to information. Nowyou can get the same great Dummies information in an App. Withtopics such as Wine, Spanish, Digital Photography, Certification,and more, you’ll have instant access to the topics you need toknow in a format you can trust.To get information on all our Dummies apps, visit the following:www.Dummies.com/go/mobile from your computer.www.Dummies.com/go/iphone/apps from your phone.Find out “HOW” at Dummies.com*Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules.

ASVABFORDUMmIES‰3RDEDITIONby Rod Powers01 637609-ffirs.indd i01 637609-ffirs.indd i10/11/10 12:52 PM10/11/10 12:52 PM

ASVAB For Dummies , 3rd EditionPublished byWiley Publishing, Inc.111 River St.Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774www.wiley.comCopyright 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished simultaneously in CanadaNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization throughpayment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978)750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, TheDummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dressare trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONSOR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK ANDSPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS.THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK ISSOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING,OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENTPROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FORDAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORKAS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOROR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THISWORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S.at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available inelectronic books.Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937828ISBN: 978-0-470-63760-9Manufactured in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 101 637609-ffirs.indd ii01 637609-ffirs.indd ii10/11/10 12:52 PM10/11/10 12:52 PM

About the AuthorRod Powers joined the United States Air Force in 1975 intending to become a spy. He wasdevastated to learn that he should’ve joined the CIA instead because the military doesn’thave that particular enlisted job. Regardless, he fell in love with the military and made itboth a passion and a career, retiring with 23 years of service. Rod spent 11 of those yearsas a first sergeant, helping to solve the problems of the enlisted corps.Since his retirement from the military in 1998, Rod has become a world renowned militarycareers expert. Through his highly popular U.S. Military Information Web site on About.com(http://usmilitary.about.com), Rod has advised thousands of troops about allaspects of U.S. Armed Forces career information.Rod is the proud father of twin girls, both of whom enjoy successful careers in the UnitedStates Air Force. Rod currently resides in Daytona Beach, Florida, where he attempts toprove that there’s no such thing as too much sunshine. Even today, Powers tries to run hislife according to long-lived military ideals and standards, but he gets a bit confused aboutwhy nobody will obey his orders anymore.DedicationTo Jeanie and Chrissy — because everything is for you. Always.Author’s AcknowledgmentsI want to thank Leigh Richards for reviewing the manuscript for technical accuracy. I wouldalso like to thank Andrew Ellet, Ph.D., math teacher extraordinaire, for editing the mathchapters and reminding me how to solve for x.Special thanks goes out to Tracy Boggier, my Acquisitions Editor; Chad R. Sievers, my wonderful Project Editor; and my top-notch Copy Editor, Danielle Voirol, who dotted my i’s andcrossed my t’s. A big thanks goes to Autumn Lindsey, who was my right-hand assistant withall the artwork and text revisions and reviews.Finally, I send more special thanks to the recruiting commands of the United StatesArmy, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard for providing invaluable resourceinformation.01 637609-ffirs.indd iii01 637609-ffirs.indd iii10/11/10 12:52 PM10/11/10 12:52 PM

Publisher’s AcknowledgmentsWe’re proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments,please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, orfax 317-572-4002.Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media DevelopmentSenior Project Editor: Chad R. SieversComposition ServicesProject Coordinator: Kristie ReesAcquisitions Editor: Tracy BoggierLayout and Graphics: Carrie A. Cesavice,Joyce HaugheySenior Copy Editor: Danielle VoirolSpecial Art: Autumn Lindsey(Previous Edition: Kristin DeMint)(Previous Edition: Carrie Burchfield)Proofreader: Susan HobbsAssistant Editor: David LuttonIndexer: Sherry MasseyTechnical Editors: Leigh Richards,Andrew Ellet, Ph.D.Special HelpKaitlin McGloneEditorial Manager: Michelle HackerEditorial Assistant: Rachelle AmickArt Coordinator: Alicia B. SouthCover Photos: iStockphoto.com / mbbirdyCartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com)Publishing and Editorial for Consumer DummiesDiane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer DummiesKristin Ferguson-Wagstaffe, Product Development Director, Consumer DummiesEnsley Eikenburg, Associate Publisher, TravelKelly Regan, Editorial Director, TravelPublishing for Technology DummiesAndy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General UserComposition ServicesDebbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services01 637609-ffirs.indd iv01 637609-ffirs.indd iv10/11/10 12:52 PM10/11/10 12:52 PM

Contents at a GlanceIntroduction . 1Part I: Making Sense of the ASVAB. 5Chapter 1: Putting the ASVAB Under a Microscope.7Chapter 2: Knowing What It Takes to Get Your Dream Job .17Chapter 3: Getting Acquainted with Test-Taking and Study Techniques .23Part II: Words to Live By: Communication Skills . 31Chapter 4: Word Knowledge.33Chapter 5: Paragraph Comprehension.43Chapter 6: All’s Well That Tests Well: Communication Practice Questions .55Part III: Making the Most of Math: Arithmetic Skills . 63Chapter 7: Mathematics Knowledge and Operations.65Chapter 8: Reasoning with Arithmetic: Math Word Problems .91Chapter 9: Brother, Can You Spare an Equation? Arithmetic Practice Questions .97Part IV: The Whole Ball of Facts: Technical Skills . 105Chapter 10: General Science .107Chapter 11: Auto and Shop Information .127Chapter 12: Mechanical Comprehension .141Chapter 13: Electronics Information .157Chapter 14: Assembling Objects .171Chapter 15: Facing the Facts: Technical Skills Practice Questions .179Part V: Practice ASVAB Exams . 189Chapter 16: Practice Exam 1.191Chapter 17: Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations .221Chapter 18: Practice Exam 2.233Chapter 19: Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations .265Chapter 20: Practice Exam 3.277Chapter 21: Practice Exam 3: Answers and Explanations .309Chapter 22: Practice AFQT Exam .321Chapter 23: Practice AFQT Exam: Answers and Explanations.337Part VI: The Part of Tens . 343Chapter 24: Ten Surefire Ways to Fail the ASVAB .345Chapter 25: Ten Tips for Doing Well on the AFQT .349Chapter 26: Ten Ways to Boost Your Math and English Skills .353Appendix: Matching ASVAB Scores to Military Jobs . 357Index . 37502 637609-ftoc.indd v02 637609-ftoc.indd v10/11/10 12:53 PM10/11/10 12:53 PM

Table of ContentsIntroduction . 1About This Book .1Conventions Used in This Book .2What You’re Not to Read .2Foolish Assumptions .2How This Book Is Organized .2Part I: Making Sense of the ASVAB .3Part II: Words to Live By: Communication Skills .3Part III: Making the Most of Math: Arithmetic Skills .3Part IV: The Whole Ball of Facts: Technical Skills .3Part V: Practice ASVAB Exams .3Part VI: The Part of Tens .3Appendix .3Icons Used in This Book .4Where to Go from Here .4Part I: Making Sense of the ASVAB . 5Chapter 1: Putting the ASVAB Under a Microscope .7Knowing Which Version You’re Taking .7Mapping Out the ASVAB Subtests .8Deciphering ASVAB Scores .10Defining all the scores .10Understanding the big four: Your AFQT scores.12Do-Over: Retaking the ASVAB .14U.S. Army retest policy.15U.S. Air Force retest policy .15U.S. Navy retest policy .15U.S. Marine Corps retest policy .16U.S. Coast Guard retest policy .16Chapter 2: Knowing What It Takes to Get Your Dream Job.17Eyeing How ASVAB Scores Determine Military Training Programs and Jobs .17Understanding How Each Branch Computes Line Scores.18Line scores and the Army .19Line scores and the Navy and Coast Guard .19Line scores and the Marine Corps .20Line scores and the Air Force .21Chapter 3: Getting Acquainted with Test-Taking and Study Techniques.23Taking the Test: Paper or Computerized? .23Writing on hard copy: The advantages and disadvantagesof the paper version.24Going paperless: The pros and cons of the computerized test .24Tackling Multiple-Choice Questions .25When You Don’t Know an Answer: Guessing Smart .27Studying and Practicing for the ASVAB .28Making Last-Minute Preparations: 24 Hours and Counting.2902 637609-ftoc.indd vi02 637609-ftoc.indd vi10/11/10 12:53 PM10/11/10 12:53 PM

Table of ContentsviiPart II: Words to Live By: Communication Skills . 31Chapter 4: Word Knowledge .33Grasping the Importance of Word Knowledge .33Checking Out the Word Knowledge Question Format .34Building Words from Scratch: Strategies to Help You Decipher Word Meanings .35From beginning to end: Knowing prefixes and suffixes .35Determining the root of the problem .37Word families: Finding related words .38Ying and Yang: Understanding Synonyms and Antonyms .39You Are What You Speak: Improving Your Vocabulary, Improving Yourself .39Reading your way to a larger vocabulary .40Keeping a list and checking it twice .40Crosswords: Making vocabulary fun .41Sounding off by sounding it out .41Chapter 5: Paragraph Comprehension .43The Importance of Paragraph Comprehension for Military Jobs .43Eyeing the Physique of the Paragraph Comprehension Subtest .44Trying the Four Flavors of Comprehension Questions .44Treasure hunt: Finding specific information .45Cutting to the chase: Recognizing the main idea.45If the shoe fits: Determining word meaning in context .46Reading between the lines: Understanding implications .46Do You Get My Point? .48What’s the big idea? Determining the main idea in a paragraph .48Extra, extra! Identifying subpoints.49Analyzing What You’ve Read: Guessing at What the Writer Really Means .50Faster than a Speeding Turtle: Tips for Slow Readers .51Read more, watch less .51Become a lean, mean word machine .51Build your confidence .51Test-Taking Tips for Reading and Gleaning .52Chapter 6: All’s Well That Tests Well: Communication Practice Questions .55Word Knowledge Practice Questions .55Paragraph Comprehension Practice Questions .58Part III: Making the Most of Math: Arithmetic Skills . 63Chapter 7: Mathematics Knowledge and Operations .65Just When You Thought You Were Donewith Vocab: Math Terminology .66Operations: What You Do to Numbers .67First things first: Following the order of operations .67Completing a number sequence .68Working on Both Sides of the Line: Fractions .69Common denominators: Preparing to add and subtract fractions .70Multiplying and reducing fractions .71Dividing fractions .72Converting improper fractions to mixed numbers . . . and back again .72Expressing a fraction in other forms: Decimals and percents .73Showing comparisons with ratios .7602 637609-ftoc.indd vii02 637609-ftoc.indd vii10/11/10 12:53 PM10/11/10 12:53 PM

viiiASVAB For Dummies, 3rd EditionA Powerful Shorthand: Writing in Scientific Notation .77Getting to the Root of the Problem .77Perfect squares .78Irrational numbers .78Other roots .78An Unknown Quantity: Reviewing Algebra.79Solving for x .79When all things are equal: Keeping an algebra equation balanced.79Explaining exponents in algebra .81A step back: Factoring algebra expressions to find original numbers.82Making alphabet soup: Solving the quadratic equation .83All math isn’t created equal: Solving inequalities.84Looking at Math from a Different Angle: Geometry Review .84Outlining angles .85Pointing out triangle types .85Back to square one: Quadrilaterals .86Going around in circles .87Filling ’er up: Calculating volume.88Test-Taking Techniques for Your Mathematical Journey .88Knowing what the question is asking .88Figuring out what you’re solving for .89Solving what you can and guessing the rest .89Using the process of elimination .90Chapter 8: Reasoning with Arithmetic: Math Word Problems.91Tackling the Real World of Word Problems .92Reading the entire problem .92As plain as the nose on a fly: Figuring out what the question is asking .92Digging for the facts.93Setting up the problem and working your way to the answer .93Reviewing your answer .94The Guessing Game: Putting Reason in Your Guessing Strategy .95Using the process of elimination .95Solving what you can and guessing the rest .95Making use of the answer choices .96Chapter 9: Brother, Can You Spare an Equation?Arithmetic Practice Questions .97Arithmetic Reasoning (Math Word Problems) Practice Questions .97Math Knowledge Practice Questions .101Part IV: The Whole Ball of Facts: Technical Skills . 105Chapter 1

1.5 million views per week. He is the author of ASVAB AFQT For Dummies and Veterans Benefits For Dummies. Study Aids/Test Prep/ASVAB 18.00 US / 22.00 CN / 13.99 UK ISBN 978-0-470-63760-9 Go to Dummies.com for videos, step-by-step photos, how-to articles, or to shop! Are you