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Marijuana and the Building CodeReproductionHarvesting/Drying Plants can bereproduced by: Plants are trimmed andhung upside down forcuring Hang plants upsidedown Place buds in canningjars– Germination of seeds, or– Cloning A clone is always takenfrom an adolescentfemale plant Will have the samecharacteristics of themother plant 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC49How Do They Grow It? 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC50What Does It Need To Grow? Heat and TemperatureControl Water Air– Ventilation– Fans– Air Conditioning– Often enriched with CO2 Medium Nutrients Chemicals Temperature Control isKING Lights & ballasts give offlots of heat 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC– To control ph levels51 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC5213

Marijuana and the Building CodeHydroponicsHydroponics Grow plants in an inert,sterile growing mediuminstead of soil. Nutrients– Nitrogen (N)– Phosphorus (P)– Potassium (K)– Rockwool– Perlite– Clay pellets Basic plant food– Liquid– powder Flowering begins in 2‐4weeks Harvest two monthslater 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC53Hydroponics Large amounts ofplants, photosynthesisuses up all the carbondioxide and fills theroom with oxygen Plants need a freshsupply of CO2 in theroom or they stopgrowing– Reservoir with solution– Pump on timer– Pumps water andnutrient solution to theplants– Solution drains back toreservoir 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC54Ventilation Ebb & flow system 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC55 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC5614

Marijuana and the Building CodeClandestine & Small OpsConcernsTemperature Marijuana grows best at68 – 72 degrees and willstop growing at tempsabove 90 degrees 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC HeatElectrical LoadsVentilation RateCarbon DioxideEgressHumidityOdor57 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC58Ventilation EquipmentVentilation Equipment Oscillating Fans Large Squirrel Cage FansInline FansBlowersInduction FansFlex Hose InsulatedDucts 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC59– Move the CO2– Strengthen the stalks– Cool the plants Exhaust fans toeliminate the heat andexcess oxygen 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC6015

Marijuana and the Building CodeHigh HumidityEnvironmental Equipment CO2 Bottles CO2 Generators EnvironmentalControllers No Code Requirementsfor excessive humidity– Temp– Humidity– CO2 Levels Carbon Filters 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC61 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLCEnvironmental EquipmentTypes of Grow Charcoal Filters 3 Stages– Reduce Odors– Propagation– Vegetation– Flowering Ionizers– Reduce Odors Ozone Generators – Odor Control– Humidity Control De‐Humidifiers 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC6263Outdoor‐ Plants harvested 6’‐10’Indoor‐ Plants harvested 4’ 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC6416

Marijuana and the Building CodeTypes of GrowTypes of Grow Propagation to Harvest 2 stage– 90 – 110 days– Eliminates Summer stage– Propagation andFlowering Minimum 3 crops peryear Advantage– More yield per plant Disadvantage– Plants need more space,water, nutrients,electricity and care Timers set with equalamount of daylight anddarkness (12 hours ea.) Smaller flowering plantsat harvest– 20” – 36” 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC65Lighting 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC66Lighting Compact FluorescentGrow Lights High Intensity Discharge(HID) Grow Lights– 300 W– High pressure sodium– Metal halide LED Grow Lighting– Lower temperature 250‐1,000 watt bulbs Requires ballast increased heat and firehazard 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC67 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC6817

Marijuana and the Building CodeLightingHome Based Grow Issues Electrical– Unsafe electricalpractices– Open wiring– Inadequate fuses orcircuit breakers– Bad connections– Overloading of circuits– 24 more times likely tocatch fire Lighting Reflectors– Ceiling and walls– Directs lights onto plants– Reduces waste oflighting– Mylar used on walls 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC69Home Based Grow Issues Average Home utilizesbetween 700 – 1200KW per month Most homes canprobably handle theincreased loading of305 HID lamps withoutadditional wiring– Grow light surfacetemperature Approximately 500degrees– Grow lights are underpressure 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC70Residential Power Consumption Lighting Hazards 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC71 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC7218

Marijuana and the Building CodeHome Based EnvironmentalIssuesHome Based Grow Issues Carbon Dioxide Poisoning– Propane CO2 generators– Vent furnaces and waterheaters into grow rooms– Normal levels Mold– Heat– Humidity– Cellulose 300 – 600 ppm– Desired grow levels 1,000 – 3,000 ppm– Lethal Level Optimal conditions formold growth 100,000 ppm– OSHA 30,000 ppm 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC73Home Based Hazards 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC74Big Picture Chemical Hazards– Explosive/toxic fumesfrom “weed oil”extraction– Butane, Sulfuric Acid,Methanol, IsopropylAlcohol, Toluene– Fertilizers– Plant & waterconditioners 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLCNot“MinutiaMyopia”75 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC7619

Marijuana and the Building CodeWhat are these things?Dispensaries Dispensaries Grow Facilities Processing andPackaging Extraction (Evolving) Edible products Legal vs. Illegal Facilities 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC77Grow Facilities 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC78Grow Facilities Group UBuildings and structures of anaccessory character andmiscellaneous structures notclassified in any specificoccupancy shall be constructed,equipped and maintained toconform to the requirements ofthis code commensurate with thefire and life hazard incidental totheir occupancy. Group U shallinclude, but not be limited to, thefollowing: Group F‐1Factory Industrial Group Foccupancy includes, amongothers, the use of a buildingor structure, or a portionthereof, for assembling,disassembling, fabricating,finishing, manufacturing,packaging, repair orprocessing operations thatare not classified as a GroupH hazardous or Group Sstorage occupancy. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC Mercantile Group Moccupancy includes,among others, the use ofa building or structure ora portion thereof, for thedisplay and sale ofmerchandise and involvesstocks of goods, wares ormerchandise incidental tosuch purposes andaccessible to the public.– Agricultural buildings79 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC8020

Marijuana and the Building CodeProcessing & PackagingProcessing and Packaging COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS.– Readily ignitable and free‐burning materials in afibrous or shredded form,such as cocoa fiber, cloth,cotton, excelsior, hay,hemp, henequen, istle,jute, kapok, oakum, rags,sisal, Spanish moss, straw,tow, wastepaper, certainsynthetic fibers or otherlike materials. Thisdefinition does not includedensely packed baledcotton. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC Group H‐3– Buildings and structures containing materials that readilysupport combustion or that pose a physical hazard shall beclassified as Group H‐3. Such materials shall include, butnot be limited to, the following: Combustible fibers, other than densely packed baled cotton81 3. Closed piping systemcontaining flammable orcombustible liquids orgases utilized for theoperation of machineryor equipment. 8. The storage orutilization of materials foragricultural purposes onthe premises. A solvent is used toextract the oil from thedried plant. The product is dissolvedin the solvent. The solvent/oil solutionis then boiled toevaporate the solventto leave the oil. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC82307.1.1Uses other than Group HClosed Extraction Systems 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC83 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC8421

Marijuana and the Building CodeExtractionFlammable Extraction Depending on theamount of solvent thatis used, the extractionarea could be classifiedas a Group H‐2. Ventilation is requiredregardless of occupancyclassification. Solvents include––––AlcoholNaphthaEtherButane All flammable liquids orgases 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC85Is it a Group H Occupancy? 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC86Table 307.1(1) 307.1 High‐hazard Group H occupancyincludes, among others, the useof a building or structure, or aportion thereof, that involves themanufacturing, processing,generation or storage of materialsthat constitute a physical orhealth hazard in quantities inexcess of those allowed in controlareas complying with Section414, based on the maximumallowable quantity limits forcontrol areas set forth in Tables307.1(1) and 307.1(2). 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLCButane Flammable GasEthyl Alcohol Class IB Flammable Liquid87 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC8822

Marijuana and the Building CodeMaximum Allowable QuantitiesMAQTable Footnotes Butane– 150 pounds storage– 150 pounds closed use– N/A open use Ethyl Alcohol– 120 gallons storage– 120 gallons closed use– 30 gallons open use 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC89Is it a Group H Occupancy? IFC Requirements 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC90 Equipment isolatescannabinoid oils with a CO2extraction process. No part of the cannabisplant is wasted. The cannabis by‐productsthat would usually bediscarded as waste are usedin the extraction process. The CO2 equipment usescannabis “trim” to producea clean oil extract that canbe used in food productsand vape pens.Control AreasVentilationExplosion controlStorage, dispensing anduse 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLCCO2 Extraction Probably Not However, Section 414still applies––––d.Maximum allowable quantitiesshall be increased 100 percent inbuildings equipped throughout withan automatic sprinkler system inaccordance with Section 903.3.1.1.Where Note e also applies, theincrease for both notes shall beapplied accumulatively.e.Maximum allowable quantitiesshall be increased 100 percent whenstored in approved storage cabinets,day boxes, gas cabinets, gas rooms orexhausted enclosures or in listedsafety cans in accordance withSection 5003.9.10 of theInternational Fire Code. Where Noted also applies, the increase for bothnotes shall be applied accumulatively.91 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC9223

Marijuana and the Building CodeCO2 ExtractionFire Sprinklers Compressed gas IFC Requirements F‐1 exceeding 12,000square feet All Group HOccupancies Group M Occupanciesfire area exceeds 12,000square feet.– Chapter 53– Storage– Use & Handling 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC93Means of Egress 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC94Mechanical Ventilation Security Issues Egress doors shall bereadily openable fromthe egress sidewithout the use of akey or specialknowledge or effort. Will need to evaluatelocking arrangements 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC IMC Section 403.3– Smoking Lounges– 60 cfm of outdoor airper person– All air must beexhausted including airin excess of thatrequired by Table 403.395 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC9624

Marijuana and the Building CodeExhaust DischargeIMC 501.2.1Odor Ventilation Local requirements Product Conveying Exhaust––––– 10’ from the property lines; 3’from exterior walls and roofs;10’ from operable openingsinto buildings; 10’ aboveadjoining grade. Environmental Air Exhaust– 3’ from property lines; 3’from operable openings intobuildings for all occupanciesother than Group U, and 10’from mechanical air intakes.Such exhaust shall not beconsidered hazardous ornoxious. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC97City of Boulder VentilationRequirements 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC98City of Boulder VentilationRequirements “A medical marijuana business shall be properlyventilated to filter the odor from marijuana so that theodor cannot be detected by a person with a normalsense of smell at the exterior of the medical marijuanabusiness or at any adjoining use or property”. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLCVentilation ratesCharcoal filtersExhaust terminationEffect on neighboringproperties99 Walls should be sealedbetween units to avoidodors from migrating intoadjacent spaces. Exhaust from spacefiltered with a listed &labeled filter to avoidodors. Inlet for ventilationsystem located in area ofhighest contaminantconcentration. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC10025

Marijuana and the Building CodeRequired Outdoor Ventilation AirIMC Table 403.3Contaminant sourcesIMC 401.6 Stationary local sourcesproducing airborneparticulates, heat, odors,fumes, spray, vapors, smoke orgases in such quantities as tobe irritating or injurious tohealth shall be provided withan exhaust system inaccordance with Chapter 5 ora means of collection andremoval of the contaminants. Such exhaust shall dischargedirectly to an approvedlocation at the exterior of thebuilding. Cultivation Facilities ?– Meat processing?– Other similar? Dispensaries– 7.5 cfm/person (retailsales) 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC101Plumbing Issues 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC102Energy Code Issues Backflow Protection? Total connected interiorlighting power– Lawn Irrigation system– Chemical fertilizerdispensersExceptions:6. Task lighting for plantgrowth or maintenance Pipe installations– Support– Sizing 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC103 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC10426

Marijuana and the Building CodeElectrical Code IssuesElectrical Code Requirements One‐line diagram– Existing system– Proposed electricalsystem– Include main electricalservice Illegal installations Total Electrical Load Wiring methods All electrical equipmentto be listed and labeledby an approved testingagency 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC105Electrical Code Requirements Flexible cords notpermitted to besubstituted for fixedwiring systems Can’t run through walls,doors, ceiling, etc. Approved wiring methodsrequired NM cable not allowed foruse in damp locationssuch as cultivationfacilities 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC107 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC106What needs to happen in yourjurisdiction? Writing your own ordinances – Mirror others Evaluating limits? Number of facilities? Number ofretail shops? Moratoriums? Public Education? Equal Justice Be flexible going forward 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC10827

Marijuana and the Building CodeOther Legal ConsiderationsEqual Protection Clause Clause to the Fourteenth AmendmentEnsures that state governments do notarbitrarily discriminate in applying laws todifferent individuals or groups of people.Code provisions must be applied consistentlyto persons and buildings.– Residential provisions to Residential– Commercial provisions to Commercial 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC109Discriminatory Enforcement A legal concept thatlooks at whethersome person or groupwas impermissiblysingled out forenforcement. Permit issuance andenforcement can bediscriminatory IFinconsistent 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC111 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC110“Colorado Code Consulting, LLC” is a Registered Provider with TheAmerican Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES).Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported toAIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIAmembers and non-AIA members are available upon request.This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professionaleducation. As such, it does not include content that may be deemedor construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of anymaterial of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,distributing, or dealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will beaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC11228

Marijuana and the Building CodeCopyright MaterialsColorado Code Consulting, LLC4610 S Ulster, Suite 150Denver, CO 80237This presentation is protected by US and InternationalCopyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use ofthe presentation without written permission of the speaker isprohibited.Ph. 303‐400‐6564Fax 303‐693‐0630 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC, aari@coloradocode.net 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC 2015 Colorado Code Consulting, LLC11411329

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