Transcription
TRADEMARKSONBASE-METAL TABLEWARE,.Late 18th century to circa 1900 (including marks on Britanniametal, iron, steel, copper alloys and silver-plated goods). . t RI.twFFINEnvironment CanadaParksServiceEnvironnement CanadaServicedes paresEILEEN WOODHEAD., t.
.,.,.TRADEMARKSONBASE-METAL TABLEWARELate 18th century to circa 1900 (including marks on Britanniametal, iron, steel, copper alloys and silver-plated goods)EILEEN WOODHEADStudies in Archaeology, Architecture and HistoryNational Historic SitesParks ServiceEnvironment Canada
Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1991.Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or bymail from the Canada Communication Group, Publishing, Supply and Services Canada,Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OS9.Published under the authorityof the Minister of the Environment,Ottawa, 1991.,"'".WIIWIll"""WIllThe opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and not necessarily those ofEnvironment Canada."'"Editing and Layout: Sheila AscroftDesktop Production: Suzanne RochetteCover Design: Rod WonTranslation: Department of the Secretary of State.Parks publishes the results of its research in archaeology, architecture, and history. A listof publications is available from National Historic Sites Publications, Parks Service, Environment Canada, 1600 Liverpool Court, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3.Canadian Cataloguing in Publication DataWIllWIllWIll.,""witEileen WoodheadfiliiTrademark on base-metal tableware: late 18th century to circa 1900 (including marks onBritannia metal, iron, steel, copper alloys and silver-plated goods)(Studies in archaeology, architecture and history, ISSN-0821-1027)Includes an abstract in FrenchIncludes bibliographical references.ISBN 0-660-13629-5DSS cat. no. R61-2/9-50E."'"WIllW!IVII1. Tableware - Trademarks. 2. Tableware - Marks of origin. 3. Tableware - Collectors and collecting - Canada. 4. Art metal-work - Collectors and collecting - Canada. I. Canadian Parks Service. National Historic Parks and Sites. 11. Title. Ill.Title: Trademarks on base-metal tableware from the late 18th century to the end of the19th century. IV. ".wI"""
T ABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONvAVANT ·PROPOSvHOW TO USE THIS GUIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixMODE D'UTILISATION DE CE GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixREFERENCESxiREFERENCESxiINDEX TO LETTERS, NAMES AND WORDS USED IN TRADEMARKS1INDEX TO NUMBERS USED IN TRADEMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289INDEX TO PICTORIALS AND SYMBOLS USED IN TRADEMARKS293INDEX TO SYMBOLS NOT LISTED ELSEWHERE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Submitted for publication in 1987 by Eileen Woodhead, Material Culture Research, ParksService, Environment Canada, Ottawa.Drawings by Carol Piper and Dorothy Kappler, Drafting Unit, Archaeological ResearchDivision, Parks Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa.III
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.,-.,--.,.-.,.,.INTRODUCTIONAVANT -PROPOSOver tbe past decade tbe Metal Unit of tbe MaterialCulture Section, Arcbaeology Researcb Division,Canadian Parks Service, has maintained a referencefile identifying marks found on metal artifacts. Thisbook is a selection of marks on file that relateprimarily to tableware items, from the late 18tbcentury to about 1900. These marks were used ontableware and otber small bardware goods made inbase metals in Great Britain, Germany, France andthe United States. The Parks file bas proven to beuseful to researcbers and arcbaeologists foridentifying tbe origin and tbe date range oftableware and related metal artifacts from a varietyof archaeological sites.Au sein de la Direction des recbercbes archeologiques du Service canadien des pares, le Groupemetal de la Section des recherches sur la culturematerielle s' occupe, depuis la derniere decennie,d'un dossier de references sur les poincons estampilles sur les artefacts en metal. Le present ouvragetraite de certains de ces poincons retrouves essentiellement sur la vaisselle, entre la fin du xvnr siecle et1900 environ. Ces poincons ont ere utilises sur lavaisselle et autres petits articles de quincailleriefabriques en metaux non precieux en GrandeBretagne, en Allemagne, en France et aux EtatsUnis. Ce dossier a permis aux cbercbeurs et archeologues du Service canadien des pares de preciserI' origine et la periode de fabrication de la vaisselle etautres artefacts en metaux provenant de divers sitesarcheologiques .Tbe manufacture of base metals bas never had thecontinuous control tbat has been applied to preciousmetals, even wbere silver-plating was concerned.Tbe variety of metals used for tableware productsmeant tbat several differen t metal industries wereinvolved, eacb witb their own particular tecbnologyand manufacturing metbods .La fabrication d' objets en metaux non precieux n' ajamais fait l' objet du controle strict auquel a etesoumis le secteur des metaux precieux, meme dansle cas du placage d'argent. Vu la diversite desmetaux utilises pour la fabrication de la vaisselle,plusieurs entreprises differentes sont concernees,cbacune possedant ses propres methodes de fabrication et sa tecbnologie.Tbe base metals used in tbe manufacture ofdomestic goods included tbe ferrous metals, ironand steel, tin alloys (including pewter), and copperalloys sucb as tbe brasses and nickel-silver. Tin andsilver were used as plating materials. Sbeffield andBirmingbam were among the large metalmanufacturing centres in England tbat bad localregistries of marks kept by trade organizations: tbeCutlers' Company of Sbeffield or the WorsbipfulCompany of Pewterers. These compendiums onlyinclude marks used by manufacturers. Marks werealso applied to metal goods by wbolesalers or factors, and retailers. In some instances there wouldbave been more tban one manufacturer, as in tbecase of many knives in which the blades were madeby one manufacturer, tbe bandIes by another and yetLes metaux non precieux qui entraient dans lafabrication des articles domestiques comprennent lesmetaux ferreux, le fer et I' acier, les alliages de ferblanc (y compris l' etain) et les alliages de cuivre,tels le laiton et l' argenton. Le fer blanc et I' argentservaient au placage. Les villes de Sbeffield etBirmingbam comptaient parmi les grands centres defabrication d'articles en metal en Angleterre ou onconservait des registres des poincons propres auxcorps de metiers locaux: la Cutlers' Company ofSbeffield ou la Worshipful Company of Pewterers.Ces registres ne comprennent que les poincons utilises par les fabricants. Les grossistes ou agents etles detaillants apposaient egalement des poinconssur les articles en metal. Dans certains cas il pe uty avoir eu plus d'un fabricant; pour de nombreuxv
a third manufacturer may have finished or plated thefinal product. The retail firm selling the knives mayalso have had its own registered mark. In the early19th century, before there was a viable steelindustry in America, knife blades were oftenimported from Great Britain, but the handles weremade by American manufacturers. Thus even theorigin of the item is confusing. In the late 19thcentury many American retailers commissionedsuch products from well-known manufacturers, butapplied their own trade names, as they do to thepresent time. These, and other such manufacturingcomplexities, were common throughout the periodconcerned, but the mark on the final product usuallyprovides some indication of the source of theartifact.couteaux, les lames etant fabriquees par une entreprise et les manches par une autre et la finition ou leplacage se faisant chez une troisieme. Le detaillant quivendait ces couteaux pouvait egalement y apposer sonepropre poincon homologue. Au debut du XIX siecleavant que l'industrie de racier ne soit viable enAmerique, les lames de couteaux etaient souventimportees de Grande-Bretagne et les manches fabriques aux Etats-Unis. Il est done parfois difficile deedeterminer I' origine d'un article. A la fin du XIXsiecle, plusieurs detaillants americains commandaientdes produits a des fabricants bien connus, puis yappliquaient leurs propres pomcons, comme cela sefait encore de nos jours. Malgre toutes ces complexites, frequentes au cours de la periode etudiee, lepoincon qui apparait sur un article donne generalement une bonne indication de sa provenance.Many companies manufacturing small hardwareitems, such as hand tools and tableware, were inexistence for a long period of time, using the samemark or marks. Many marks used by firms withestablished reputations were bought by a successorwho continued their use long after the originalcompany had ceased operation. Thus, it may appearthat the same mark was used by more than onemanufacturer until the dates of the two companiesare compared. When a mark has been in use over aprolonged period, as it has in many British firms,the dating of a particular piece may have to bedetermined on stylistic grounds, or on an analysis ofthe metal or metal technology used in its manufacture.Bien des entreprises qui fabriquaient de petitsarticles de quincaillerie, par exemple des outils amain et de la vaisselle, etaient en activite depuislong temps et utilisaient le ou les memes poincons. Ilarrivait aussi que des poincons utilises par desentreprises a la reputation etablie aient continued'etre utilises, meme lorsque l'entreprise passait ad' autres. Done il semble que le meme pomconpuisse avoir ete utilise par plus d'un fabricant, maisil suffit de comparer les periodes d' activite des deuxentreprises pour constater qu' ils ne l' etaient jamaisen meme temps. Lorsqu'un poincon a ete utilisedurant une periode prolongee, comme c'est le casdans nombre d'entreprises britanniques, la datationd'une piece doit parfois se faire en fonction descaracterisuques stylistiques, du metal employe, oude la technologie utilisee pour la 'filiiIn Canada all tableware in base metals was importedfrom Great Britain, Europe or the United Statesuntil the final years of the 19th century. SeveralAmerican firms established branches in Canadiancities during the 1880s. Although some casting andstamping was done in a few of these plants, much ofthe work was in the finishing or plating of itemsthat were made in the United States. A fewCanadian companies, which manufactured sterlingsilver goods, often made small quantities of basemetal items that were silver-plated.Toute la vaisselle en metaux non precieux retrouvee au Canada a ete importee de la GrandeBretagne, de l'Europe ou des Etats-Unis jusqua latoute fin du XIX e siecle. Plusieurs entreprises americaines ont ouvert des filiales dans des villes can adiennes au cours des annees 1880. Bien qu'on aitpratique la fonte et I' estampillage dans quelquesunes de ces usines, elles servaient surtout a la finition et au placage des articles fabriques aux EtatsUnis. Quelques entreprises canadiennes, qui fabriquaient des articles en argent sterling, produisaientsouvent aussi de petites quantites d' articles enmetaux non precieux plaques argent.wJIwJI'filii'filiivi'filii
.'-The examination of archaeological material andsource documents such as retailers' records showthat nearly all tableware goods were imported fromGreat Britain until the 1870s. After the D.S. CivilWar, American manufacturers became successfulrivals for the Canadian market. During the 19thcentury, most of the common tableware goods weresold through ironmongers or hardwaremen, with thefiner silver-plated goods to be found in jewelry orwatchmakers' shops. Department stores and mailorder houses supplied many of these wares to theconsumer towards the end of the century .L' etude des materiaux archeologiques et de documents comme les registres des detaillants montreque presque toute la vaisselle etait importee deGrande-Bretagne avant les annees 1870. Apres laguerre de Secession, les fabricants americains deviennent de solides concurrents sur le marche canadien. Au cours du XIX e siecle, la majorite de lavaisselle ordinaire se vendait chez les ferronniers oules quincailliers, alors que les articles plaquesargent se trouvaient chez le bijoutier ou l'horloger.Les magasins a rayons et les entreprises de vente parla poste ont fourni nombre de ces articles auxconsommateurs vers la fin du siecle.As tableware was often only a small portion of thetotal production of many of the larger manufacturers, the entries listed in this work may alsoprove useful in identifying marks on other basemetal objects such as edge tools, building hardware, household utensils and toiletry items .Puisque la vaisselle ne constituait souvent qu'unefaible partie de la production totale de plusieursdes fabricants les plus importants, les renseignements contenus dans le present ouvrage peuventegalement etre utiles pour lidentification des poincons places sur d' autres objets en metaux nonprecieux, notamment les outils tranchants, la quincaillerie de batiment, les ustensiles domestiques etles necessaires de toilette .vu
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.,.,.,'-t.HOW TO USE THIS GUIDEMODE D'UTILISATION DE CE GUIDEAll company names, trade names, words or lettersused in marks are listed in alphabetical order andcross-referenced with illustrations of the marks. Asmany of the marks are pictorial, or use geometricforms or numerals, two additional lists are providedthat are cross-referenced to the alphabetical index: alist of trademarks with numbers, and a pictorial listorganized alphabetically by description of thesubject matter. The cross-referencing is particularlyimportant to archaeologists as the marks on artifactsare usually partially obscured by corrosion orbreakage. There is a fourth index for thoseunidentifiable symbols that have not been listedelsewhere.Tous les noms d' entreprises, les noms de commerces, les mots ou les lettres utilises dans les poincons sont presentes en ordre alphabetique et renvoient aux illustrations. Etant donne que nombre despoincons sont des dessins, ou sont constitues deformes geometriques ou de chiffres, deux autreslistes ont ete fournies qui renvoient a I'Index alphabetique : une liste des poincons composes dechiffres et une liste des dessins par ordre alphabetique du sujet illustre. Les renvois sont particulierement utiles pour les archeologues, les poinconssur les artefacts etant sou vent partiellement effacespar la corrosion ou le bris. Nous avons inclus unquatrieme index pour les symboles non identifiablesqui n'apparaissent pas ailleurs.The entries are arranged in the following manner:Les index sont organises de la maniere suivante :KEY - the word or letters used in the mark, or thekey word in the name of the company listed .PAR MOT CLE - le mot ou les lettres quicomposent le poincon ou le mot-cle quiapparait dans le nom de I' entreprise .NAME - the full name of the company writtenaccording to historical references and thename of the company's plant when available.PAR NOM - le nom complet de I' entreprise, lagraphie retenue etant celle qui apparait dansles references historiques, et le nom de lafabrique, lorsque nous le connaissons .PLACE - the geographic location of the company .All locations are set in Great Britain unlessotherwise stated.PAR ENDROIT - l'emplacement de l'entreprise.Lorsque cela n' est pas precise, les entreprisessont en Grande-Bretagne.DATES - the date the firm was established and thedate of termination. When a date is inbrackets, it refers to a year in which the firmwas known to be in operation and using thetrademark.PAR DATES - les dates d' etablissement et defermeture de l'entreprise. Lorsqu'une date estentre parentheses, cela signifie que cetteannee-Ia, I' entreprise etait en activite etutilisait son poincon.GOODS - the type of goods the firm is known tohave manufactured. In many cases thereference cited has stated the class of goodsfor which the firm has obtained trademarksunder British export regulations. Class 12included "Cutlery and edge tools, such asPAR ARTICLE - le type d'articles que l'on saitavoir ete fabrique par l' entreprise. Dans denombreux cas, la reference don nee precise laclasse d'articles pour laquelle l'entreprise aobtenu des poincons en vertu des reglementsd'exportation britanniques. La classe 12'-'-'-\wix
Knives, Forks, Scissors, Shears, Files andSaws." In this book I have listed "Cutlery of allkinds." A second class, Class 14, included"Goods of precious metals including aluminium, nickel, Britannia metal, etc., and .imitations of (precious metals)" (Hughes 1892:xvii-xviii). Here this description is interpretedas "Goods in various metal alloys."comprend la coutellerie et les outils tranchants, tels les couteaux, les fourchettes, lesciseaux, les cisailles, les limes et les scies.Une autre classe, la classe 14, comprend lesarticles fabriques en metaux precieux, ycompris l' aluminium, le nickel, le metalanglais, etc., ainsi que les imitations desmetaux precieux (Hughes, 1892: xvii-xviii).REFERENCES - the dates of source references inwhich more details can be found. The references are listed below in chronological order.PAR REFERENCE - les dates des references quifournissent de plus amples renseignements.ILLUSTRA TIONS - all the illustrations wereprepared approximately to the same scale forclarity. The marks may have appeared invarious sizes according to the space availableon the goods, e.g. the marks on a spoonhandle may have been reduced in size fromthat appearing on the base of a large servingdish.PAR ILLUSTRATION - toutes les illustrations ont t preparees a peu pres a la meme echelle,pour des raisons de clarte. La taille despoincons a pu varier, selon l' objet sur lequel ilsetaient places; par exemple, un poincon apposesur le manche d'une cuiller peut etre beaucoupplus petit que le meme poincon lorsqu'ilapparait au dos d'un grand plat de service.Note - When a company is known to have usedonly its name as a trademark there may be noaccompanying illustration as the mark wouldbe self-explanatory.Note - Lorsqu'une entreprise n'utilisait que saraison sociale comme poincon, nous neI'avons pas necessairement accompagne " .""."'"."".,""wtIwI.""."""'""'"wtIwtIx
.''-REFERENCESREFERENCES1774: Sketc hley's Sheffield Directory, includingmanufacturing villages in the neighbourhood. Printed for the author in Bristol andsold by Mr. Wilkie, St. Paul's Churchyard,London; and by the booksellers in Sheffield,Birmingham and elsewhere.1774: Sketchley's Sheffield Directory, includingmanufacturing villages in the neighbourhood. Bristol, imprime pour l' auteur etvendu par M. Wilkie, St. Paul's Churchyard,Londres; et par les libraires de Sheffield,Birmingham et dailleurs .1787: A Directory of Sheffield, including the manufacturers of adjacent villages. Compiled andprinted by Gales & Martin, Sheffield, andsold by G.G.J. & J. Robinson, Paternosterrow, London.1787: A Directory of Sheffield, including themanufacturers of adjacent villages. Compileet imprime par Gales & Martin, Sheffield, etvendu par G.G.J. & J. Robinson, Paternosterrow, Londres .1797: A Directory of Sheffield. including themanufacturers of the Adjacent Villages, withthe several Marks of the Cutlers, Scissor &File Smiths, Edgetool & Sickle Makers.Printed by 1. Montgomery in Sheffield forJohn Robinson, Spring-street.1797: A Directory of Sheffield, including themanufacturers of the Adjacent Villages, withthe several Marks of the Cutlers, Scissor &File Smiths, Edgetool & Sickle Makers .Imprime par J. Montgomery de Sheffieldpour John Robinson, Spring-street.1818:Wrightson's New Triennial Directory ofBirmingham. Reprint by Frank Graham,Newcastle upon Tyne, 1969 .1818: Wrightson's New Triennial Directory of Birmingham (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1969, reimpression par Frank Graham).1892:Hughes, HerbertWhite's Hardware Trade Marks. WilliamWhite, Ltd., Sheffield.1892: Hughes, HerbertWhite's Hardware Trade Marks. Sheffield,William White, Ltd.1919:Whitham, H.H., and D. VickersRegister of the Trade Marks of the CutlersCo. of Sheffield. Published for the BemrosePublicity Co., London.1919: Whitham, H.H., et D. VickersRegister of the Trade Marks of the CutlersCo. of Sheffield. Londres, publie pour laBemrose Publicity Co.1949:Wyler, Seymour B.The Book of Sheffield Plate. Crown Publishers, New York .1949: Wyler, Seymour B.The Book of Sheffield Plate. New York,Crown Publishers.1967:Freeman, LarryVictorian Silver. plated & sterling, hollow& flatware. Century House, Watkins Glen,N.Y .1967: Freeman, LarryVictorian Silver, plated & sterling, hollow &flatware. Watkins Glen, N.Y. CenturyHouse.xi
."'"."1972: Turner, Noel D.American Silver Flatware, 1837-1910. A.S.Barnes, South Brunswick, N.J.1972: Turner, Noel D.American Silver Flatware, 1837-1910. SouthBrunswick, NJ., A.S. Barnes.1974: Washer, RichardThe Sheffield Bowie and Pocket-knifeMakers, 1825-1925. T.A. Vinall, Nottingham, England.1974: Washer, RichardThe Sheffield Bowie and Pocket-knifeMakers, 1825-1925. Nottingham, Angleterre,T.A. Vinall."'"'filii."'".'filii1974b: Random House Collector's Encyclopedia,Victoriana to Art Deco. Random House,New York.1974b: Random House Collector's Encyclopedia,Victoriana to Art Deco. New York, RandomHouse.1976: Barraclough, K.C.Sheffield Steel. Historic Industrial Scenes.Moorland Publishing Co., Buxton, Derbyshire.1976: Barraclough, K.C.Sheffield Steel. Historic Industrial Scenes.Buxton, Derbyshire, Moorland PublishingCo.1978: Rainwater, Dorothy T.Encyclopedia of American Silver Manufacturers. Crown Publishers, New York.1978: Rainwater, Dorothy T.Encyclopedia of American Silver Manufacturers. New York, Crown Publishers.1980: Scott, Jack L.Pewter Wares from Sheffield. AntiquaryPress, Baltimore, Md.1980: Scott, Jack L.Pewter Wares from Sheffield. Baltimore,Md, Antiquary Press.1984: McKinstry, E. RichardTrade Catalogues at Winterthur: A Guide tothe Literature of Merchandising, 1750-1980.Winterthur, Garland Publishing, Inc., N.Y.and London.1984: McKinstry, E. RichardTrade Catalogues at Winterthur . A Guide tothe Literature of Merchandising, 1750-1980.Garland Publishing, Inc., N.Y. et .wiIwiIxii."
.,.''-'-INDEX TO LETTERS, NAMES AND WORDS USED IN TRADEMARKS
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AABRAMSSee Alvin Corp.or Ames Mfg. Co.J.M. ABRAMS & CO.London(1892)Silver-plated goodsRef. 1972A (pistol)See Jonathan Crookes & Sonor Frederick WardA (shoe)See George Barnsley & SonsAl (quality mark)See E.A. Bliss Co. or Holmes, Boothand Haydens or William H. Rogers orRogers & Bros., or Rogers Cutlery Co.ACIER-NICKELSee La Societe Anonyme le FerroNickelA MANDARIN ASee A. ArbenzACLEA (two crossed arrows)See A.C. LeaA&D (monogram)See Austin & DodsonACMESee John Bedford & Sonsor Joseph Rodgers & Sonsor Henry WilliamsonA&JZ (on shield)See A. & 1. ZimmerrnanACMEA&SCOSee Adams & ShawAB (star) SSee Atkin Bros.AB (three punch marks)See Alfred BrowettABBASee Jacob & Samuel RobertsABBEYSee Osborne & Co.ABOYEURSee Henley Silver Rolling Mills, Ltd.ACME SILVER CO.Toronto, ant.1885 - 1895Succeeded by Standard Silver Co.Silver-plated goodsRef. 1978
.,."'".tIIIIIADDIS, S.J.ACMESee Ward & PayneACME SILVER PLATE CO.Boston, Mass.(1887)Silver-plated goodsReI. 1972ADELAIDE WORKSSee Taylor Bros.ADELANTE (eagle)See Herman Schuroff & Co.ACORNSee S.L. & G.H. Rogers Co.ADELANTE (horse & rider)See Gunston, Sons & Co.AD 2059See Austin & Dodson, Ltd.ADELPHIADELPHI SILVER PLATE CO.New York, N.Y.1890 - (1915)Silver-plated hollow-wareRef. 1967, 1978ADAMANTINESee John P. SmithADAMSWILLIAM ADAMS, INC.Birmingham, England and New York,N.Y.1854 - (1966)Sheffield plateReI. 1978ASADMIRALADAMSSee Larder & BurgessADAMS & SHAWNewark, NJ. and New York, N.Y.1876 - 1880Electro-plated goodsRef. 1978ADORATIONSee Kayser Ellison & Co.ADWICK, JOHNSee Marsh Bros. & Co.AENEASSee John Round & SonAEROPLANE (airplane)See William Jessop & ""'till".wI"'"
.,.,.,.\.AETNA WORKSSee Landers, Frary & Clarkor Spear & JacksonALBALOID (with wheel in triangle)See Noelle Bros .ALBANYAFRICAN SILVER (snake)See Hills, Menke & Co.ALBANY SILVER PLATE CO.Location unknown(l870s) - (1880s)Succeeded by Barbour Silver Co.SilverplatingRef. 1967, 1978AGUlLASee Frederick Barnes & Co.AH (on goblet)See Moss & GamblesALBANY SILVER PLATE CO.TRIPLE PLATE.AH (star) JHSee A. HatfieldAIGOSee Joseph Peace & Co.AIRDAIRD & ANDERSONLiverpool(1892)Cutlery of all kindsRef. 1892ALBATASee C. WatsonALBIONSee Thomas TillotsonALBION (STEEL) WORKSSee Matthias Spencer & Sonsor Stacey Bros .or T.W. WardAJAXSee Benjamin HuntsmanAJR (in trefoil)See Jehoiada A. RhodesALBION SILVERSee Lee & WigfallAKROSSee J.J. Saville & Co.ALCHEMIC CUTLERYSee William Singleton & Co.AL (crown)See Arthur Lee & SonsALCOSee Hall & Co.AL NICKEL SILVER 210See Oneida, Ltd .3
.-.wIALLENALDENEDGAR ALLEN & CO., ImperialSteel WorksSheffield1733 - 1925Cutlery and goods in other metalsRef. 1892, 1919, 1972, 1974, 1980See Derby Silver Co.ALESee William KestevenALFE NIDESee La Societe Anonyme des CouvertsAlfenideTrade term for a variant of nickelsilver developed in 1851ALLAWAYSSee Richard Thomas & Co., Ltd.ALLDAYSv\e.,.wiIwiI*******ALLDAYS & ONIONS PNEUMATICENGINEERINGSheffield(1892)CutleryRef. 1892'filii'fillJOSEPH ALLEN & SONS, Oak WorksSheffieldea. 1864 - 1925Cutlery of all kindsRef. 1892, 1974See John Round & Son'filiiwiIALLENALLADINwIWIll9ALL RIGHT (crossed axe & saw)See William Gregory & Sonsor John wiIN J.willwillOLOOS.LINLEY."".'fillwfjNON -XLLOLDO'filiiJOSEPH SMITH & SONS.4'fillwill""'"
.ALLENALLPORTALLEN & DARWINSheffieldea. 1865 - (1919)Cutlery and goods in other metalsRef. 1892, 1919, 1974.E. ALLPORTBirmingham(1812)Close platingRef. 1967.ALMA WORKSSee W.H. Brittainor William HallALLENALLEN & MARTINSheffield(1892)Goods in non-ferrous metalsRef. 1892, 1949ALMADA SILVERSee W. Gallimore & Sonsor Joseph GilbertALO (asterisk)See Robert YouleALP, ALPACA or ALPAKATrade term used in Germany and Scandinavia for nickel-silver, a coppernickel alloyALPHA (crown)See Harrison Bros. & HowsonALLGOODJ. ALLGOODBirmingham(1812)Close platingRef. 1967ALPHA PLATESee Oneida, Ltd .ALUMINIUMALUMINIUM CO., LTD.London(1892)Goods in non-ferrous metalsRef. 1892, 1949'-'-.'\wALL GOOD 5
.,"'"W!IAMERICANAMERICAN SILVER CO.Waterbury, Conn.1901 - 1935Succeeded by International Silver Co.Silver-plated goodsRef. 1967, 1972, 1978ALUMINIUM SILVERSee Daniel & ArterALVASee Richard LoyALVINALVIN MANUFACTURING CO.,1886 - 1919ALVIN SILVER CO., 1919 - 1928ALVIN CORPORATION, 1928 presentProvidence, R.I.Electro-plated flatware and silverdeposit goodsRef. 1967, 1978WIll.'fillwJI'filiiWIll.,.wJI'fillWIll": C. Jf:SI LVERPLATEINbE NCE K. 8. 0.) 1857)BRANDSTEGOR SILVER PLATEwIII CROWN SILVER PLATE CO.STERLING PLATE 'fille-NEW ENGLAND CUTLERY CO.{ALVINXPATENT CROWN SI LVE R CO.WIllwII.'tillwIwiISHERWOOD SILVERPLATEBRISTOL CUTLERY CO."j.'fillOLD ENGLISH BRAND. B.AM (in two circles)See Arthur MarshBEACON SILVER CO.AMAZONE (in circle)See Rosing Bros. & Co.PEQUABUCK MFC. CO.EASTERN SILVER CO.6'fill"'"'wI""wIIwIWIllWIll.wII
.,.,.,.AMERICANAMERICAN STERLING CO.Naubuc, Conn .1871 - 1880Nickel-silver and silver-plated goodsRef. 1978AMSTERDAMSee Roberts & SonANCHORANCHOR SILVER PLATE CO.St. Paul, Minn.1898 - 1909Silver-plated goodsRef. 1972, 1978AMERICAN BEAUTYSee William B. Kerr & Co.AMERICAN SIL VER PLATE CO.See Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co.ANCHOR SILVER PLATE CO .AMESAMES MANUFACTURING CO.Chicopee, Mass.1830 - 1900Electro-plated hollow-wareRef. 1967, 1969, 1978'''-INDIANA BRANDANCHOR BRANDANDERSENDA VID ANDERSENOslo, Norway1876 - presentFiligree and enamel workRef. 1978DAVID-ANDERSEN'-.ANDREWJOHN HENRY ANDREW & CO.,Toledo Steel WorksSheffieldea. 1860 - (1919)Cutlery of all kindsRef. 1892, 1919, 1974AMINTOSee John Round & SonAMSSee Arthur MarshAMS (with ribbon bow)See Silber & Fleming7
."'".",ARBENZJOHN HENRY ANDREW & CO.,ADOLPHE ARBENZBirmingham(1892)Cutlery including knives, saws,scissorsRef. 1892MANDARIN""'".",."""'WIll"WIllCHINAANGEL (angel)See Thomas Linley & Sons.",EASEAOTIA. MANDARIN A. ISee Albert OatesAPEXSee John Biggin & Co., Ltd.ARCASAPOLLOSee Cowper Bickerton Cowper Co.APOLLO SILVER CO.New York, N.Y.(1898)Succeeded by Bernard Rice's SonsSilver-plated goodsRef. 1967ARDO (in diamond)See WaIter Spencer & Co.ARENAMSee John Round & SonARGENLINESee Daniel & ArterARGENTANThe original German trade term fornickel-silver or German silver, a whitecopper-nickel alloy developed in Germany ea. 1828AQUASee Kayser, Ellison & Co.ARGENTINA SILVER (orb)See Joseph GilbertARARASee John Henry PotterARGENTINETrade term used in England from ea.1830 for nickel-silver or German silver, a white copper-nickel alloyARATORSee John Round & '"."'"'"".""."""wIwIwIwiIwiIwrI
.
file identifying marks found on metal artifacts. This book is a selection of marks on file that relate primarily to tableware items, from the late 18tb century to about 1900. These marks were used on . case of many knives in which the blades were m
