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Paul Scherrer InstitutPILATUS: A 2-DimensionalX-Ray Detector ForMacromolecular CrystallographyE. F. Eikenberry1Ch. Brönnimann1G. Huelsen1H. Toyokawa2R. Horisberger3B. Schmitt1C. Schulze-Briese1T. Tomizaki1Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSISPring8, Japan3 CMS-Project, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI12E. F. Eikenberry
Paul Scherrer InstitutSuInt rfaceMi erfac s /cro essc :opySLSSLS LayoutLayout1L12S11MIRVUV2S3MLINAC (100 MeV)10S4SStorage Ring (2.4 GeV, 288 m)Undulators9L5L8S7MXAS10meintoPr lloXta phygra6SMaterialsSciencess/ce : yrfa esSu erfac scopInt ectroSpBooster (2.4 GeV)Green: first phase beamlinesRed: proposed beamlinesE. F. Eikenberry
Paul Scherrer InstitutData collection in protein crystallographyX-ray DetectorSpot size:- Beam divergence- Mosaicity of the crystal- Distance sample-detector- Point spread function of detectorqDiffraction patternDiffracted beamCrystal rotation- 30-180 degree for complete data set- Currently: Discrete rotation, integrationover certain rotation angle- Future: Continuous rotation, integrationdetermined by detector frame rate (Finephi slicing)Resolution:CrystallizedProtein2d sin( q ) lFor d 1A and lq 1A, 60oBeamBeamEnergy: 5-17.513 keVIntensity: 10/sFocal spot size:Adjustable to225 x 15 mmDivergency:150 µrad x 28 µrad(FWHM)Diffraction data- reflect crystal symmetry group- orientation of the crystal- 4 orientation matrix- High dynamic range: 10 between strong and weak reflections- Intensities need to be determined accurately (1%)- Determination of amplitudes and phases leadsto electron density mapsDetector requirements:2- Large area (40 x 40 cm) and/or large number of pixels- Detect a high number of reflection orders ( 500)- Accurate determination of integrated intensities- Wide dynamic range ( 16 bit, i.e. single photon counting detector)- Fast readout ( 0.1s)SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutX-Ray Diffraction FromA FX-174 Virus CrystalSLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutMacromolecular CrystallographyDetermine the structure of highlycomplex molecules to atomic resolutionMolecular Weight 1 MDa( 50,000 atoms)Applications:EnzymesVirusesCatalytic mechanismsElectron transportEnergy transductionMotilityDrug DesignStructural genomicsSLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutThe SLS Pixel Detector& Size: 40 x 40 cm2 (0.16m2)& 2000 x 2000 pixels& Pixel size: 217 x 217 mm2& Modular detector - dead area 6%& High frame rate: 10Hz& High duty cycle: 94% (Tro 6ms)Base plate(water cooled)Bank with5 modulesTilt angle: variableModuleswith 16 chipsSLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutPixel Detectors: PrincipleX-raysSi pn-junction3.6 eV to create1 eh-pairAlp - Vbias Edriftn n Detector0.2 mmX-raysPixel Sensor0.2 mm0.3 mmSensorPixel Read-outChipChipBump BondsRadiation hardPixel mp1.7fFCalComp Enable/DisableAnalog BlockExt/CompClockF12ClockGenExtClock15 bitSRcounterRBIRBOResetDigital BlockSLS Detector Group
Please see landscape-oriented supplement:Slide 8: Bump-bonded ModuleSlide 9: PILATUS ModuleSlide 10: Final Module AssemblySlide 11: Bank With 3 ModulesSlide 12: Module FabricationSlide 15: Flat-field CorrectionSlide 18: Continuous Fine f-SlicingSlide 19: Lysozyme: MOSFLM AutoindexSlide 20: Lysozyme: MOSFLM Refined Cell
Paul Scherrer InstitutTrimming A Module WithA Global VcmpSLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutThreshold vs. VcmpSLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutPILATUS Detector CrystallographyLysozyme1º rotation2 s exposureSLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutFine f-Slicing with PILATUS1.5 Rotation ImageIntegrated Intensity, x-raysLysozyme:0.02 steps0.5 s exposureFWHM:0.06 - 0.10 Rotation Angle (f), deg.SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer InstitutSLS 2k 2k Pixel DetectorPIXEL:217 217 mm2Preamplifier and shaperThreshold discriminator with 4-bit trim15-bit counter 105 x-ray/sCHIP:CMOS 0.8 mm DMILL rad-hardDesigned at PSI44 78 pixels, 9.9 18.3 mm2Read out at 10 MHzMODULE:Fully depleted diode array81 36.6 mm2 300 mm, 57,462 pixelsIndium bump-bonded to 16 chipsChips read out in parallel (5 ms)Module control boardBANK:5 modulesBank control board caches dataDETECTOR:12 banksAdjustable V-shapeWith fine-slicing, a 180 rotation may produce2000 8 MB images (16 GB) in 3 min.SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut E. F. Eikenberry E. F. Eikenberry1 Ch. Brönnimann1 G. Huelsen1 H. Toyokawa2 R. Horisberger3 B. Schmitt1 C. Schulze-Briese1 T. Tomizaki1 1 Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI 2 SPring8, Japan 3 CMS-Project, Paul Scherre
