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Joelstrumpet.comA brief exposition of Daniel 11 with an emphasis on its ultimate last days fulfillmentJoel RichardsonI. Stepping back to recognize the big picture: Revelation 12-13, 17A. Introducing the primary characters in the conflict:1.2.3.4.The WomanThe Man-ChildThe DragonThe BeastNow a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moonunder her feet, and on her head a garland of twelve stars. Then being with child, shecried out in labor and in pain to give birth. And another sign appeared in heaven:behold, a great, fiery red dragon having seven heads and ten horns, and sevendiadems on his heads. —Revelation 12:1-3B. Interpretation:1.2.3.4.The Woman Zion, Jerusalem, True Israel (Ezekiel 16; Isaiah 66)The Child Jesus the Messiah (Isaiah 66:7)The Dragon Satan (Job 26:12; Psalm 74:14; 89:10; Isaiah 27:1; 51:9)The Seven Headed Beast from the Sea: Satan’s Seven Pan-Historical, Pan-BiblicalPagan EmpiresThen I stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, havingseven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads ablasphemous name. The dragon gave him his power, his throne, and great authority.And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly woundwas healed. And all the world marveled and followed the beast. So they worshiped thedragon who gave authority to the beast; and they worshiped the beast, saying, "Whois like the beast? Who is able to make war with him?" —Revelation 13:1-4"Here is the mind which has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains on whichthe woman sits. "There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, and the otherhas not yet come. And when he comes, he must continue a short time. "The beast thatwas, and is not, is himself also the eighth, and is of the seven, and is going toperdition. —Revelation 17:9-11

Joelstrumpet.comC. Identifying the seven Satanic, pagan, persecuting empires (Revelation 13, eeceRomeIslamic Caliphate8. While these are not the only evil empires of World history, they are the primaryempires which persecuted Israel while she dwelt in her land. Many will ask whyNazi Germany is not included in this list. The Nazis may be seen as the ultimatefulfillment of the judgments that would come upon Israel while she was fully in exile,while no nation existed.II. Daniel 11 Chapter OutlineA. 11:3: The transition from the historical Medo-Persian Empire (11:2) to the AlexandrianGreek EmpireB. 11:4: The death of Alexander in 323 B.C. and the division of his empire among hisgenerals (11:4).C. 11:5-19: The great measure of intrigue, conflicts and battles that took place throughoutAlexander’s former dominion between the Seleucid Dynasty in the North and thePtolemaic Dynasty in the South for roughly the next 150 years.D. 11:20-35: Overview of the career of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the eighth King of theSeleucid North with equally strong foreshadows of Antichrist.E. This view concerning the dual-fulfillment of vv. 20-35 is the view of Jerome, (whoclaims it was the most widely held view of the Churches of his time).F. 11:36-39: Shift from Antiochus to Antichrist and his beliefs.G. 11:40-45: The final conflicts, career and end of the Antichrist.

Joelstrumpet.comH. Map of the Alexandrian Greek Empire:G. After the Wars of the Diadochi: 322 to 275 BC, the Empire was primarily divided upbetween:1. The Seleucid Dynasty in the Northa.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.Modern anistanPakistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan2. The Ptolemaic in the Southa.b.c.d.Modern NationsEgyptLibyaNorth SudanH. Map of the Seleucid & Ptolemaic Dynasties (275 B.C.)

Joelstrumpet.comI. Antiochus IV Epiphanes as a type / pattern of the Antichrist1. Antiochus / Antichrist:2. "While returning to his land with great riches, his heart shall be moved against theholy covenant; so he shall do damage and return to his own land. For ships fromCyprus shall come against him; therefore he shall be grieved, and return in rageagainst the holy covenant, and do damage. So he shall return and show regard forthose who forsake the holy covenant. And forces shall be mustered by him, andthey shall defile the sanctuary fortress; then they shall take away the dailysacrifices, and place there the abomination of desolation. —Daniel 11:28-313. In determining of if this is referring to Antiochus IV Epihpanes or Antichrist, it isessential to recognize that Jesus (Matthew 24:15-22), referred to this, and the otherAbomination of Desolations verses in Daniel (Daniel 8:11-12?; 9:27; 11;31; 12:11)and placed them in the future.4. The Antichrist5. "At the time of the end the king of the South shall attack him; and the king of theNorth shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, horsemen, and withmany ships; and he shall enter the countries, overwhelm them, and pass through."He shall also enter the Glorious Land, and many countries shall be overthrown; butthese shall escape from his hand: Edom, Moab, and the prominent people ofAmmon. He shall stretch out his hand against the countries, and the land of Egyptshall not escape. "He shall have power over the treasures of gold and silver, andover all the precious things of Egypt; also the Libyans and Cush shall follow at hisheels. "But news from the east and the north shall trouble him; therefore he shall goout with great fury to destroy and annihilate many. "And he shall plant the tents ofhis palace between the seas and the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to

Joelstrumpet.comhis end, and no one will help him. —Daniel 11:40-45J. Coming consolidated Antichristic empire?K. The Turkish Islamic Union:

Joelstrumpet.comL. Hizb ut-Tahrir Vision:L. Two-Kings or Three-Kings?1. Debate has swirled for roughly the past one hundred (plus) years regardingwhether there are two or three kings in Daniel 40-45.a. Two Kings: (1) King of the North & (2) King of the Southb. Three Kings: (1) Willful King / Antichtist, (2) King of the North, (3) King of theSouth

Joelstrumpet.com2. Arguments for the three king Interpretation:a. Consistent interpretation of pronouns in vv. 36-43:b. At the time of the end the king of the South shall attack him; and the king of theNorth shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, horsemen, and withmany ships; and he shall enter the countries, overwhelm them, and passthrough. He shall also enter the Glorious Land, and many countries shall beoverthrown; but these shall escape from his hand: Edom, Moab, and theprominent people of Ammon.He shall stretch out his hand againstthe countries, and the land of Egypt shall not escape. He shall have power overthe treasures of gold and silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt; alsothe Libyans and Cush shall follow at his heels. —Daniel 11:40-43c. If the two king interpretation is true, then the Antichrist is an end times leaderfrom a neo-Seleucid (Middle Eastern) Kingdom, which conflicts with the popular(Roman / Euro-centric) interpretations of Daniel 2 (Metallic statue), Daniel 7(Four Beasts) and Daniel 9:26 (People of the Prince to Come).d. Thus the three king view is primarily rooted in an arguably false presupposition(European Antichrist) brought to the passage.e. Supporters of the three king interpretation:1) Adolph Saphir2) Sir Robert Anderson3) H.A. Ironside4) Arno Gaebelein5) M.R. DeHaan6) H.C. Leupold7) Wm M. Smith8) John Walvoord9) Robert Culver10) John C. Whitcomb11) Leon Wood12) Harry Bultema13) Rodney Stortz14) J. Dwight Pentecost15) Renald E. Showers16) Iain M. Duguid17) Hal Lindsey18) Timothy Lahaye19) Mark Hitchcock20) Ed Hindson21) Arnold Fruchtenbaum22) Ron Rhodes23) Charles R. Swindoll24) John Macarthur

Joelstrumpet.com25) Beth Moore3. Arguments for the two king and against the three king interpretation:a. Violate the flow and break the pattern of the entire passage.b. Turns the types of enemies (King of North and South) into allies against acommon enemy.c. Turns Antiochus into both a type of the Antichrist and a type of the Antichrist’sgreatest enemy.d. Passage only emphasizes and goes into some detail concerning the invasionand defeat of the South (Egypt), but not the North.e. The invader comes from the North (Which is consistent with several othereschatological, arguably antichristic prophecies. e.g., Joel 2:1-27; Isa 10:12;30:31-33; 31:8-9; Ezekiel 38,39)f. Because this view minimizes Antiochus as a type of the Antichrist, it also forcesa rejection of the clear correlation between the little horn of Daniel 8 and thelittle horn of Daniel 7.g. It conflicts with the universal interpretation of the early Church.h. Despite the claims of those who argue for three-kings, the grammar of thepassage does not require this view (cf., C.F. Keil’s comments &, J. PaulTanner’s comments in JETS 35/3, Sept, 1992).4. Survey of interpreters holding to the two-king interpretation.1) Hippolytus of Rome (170–235), one of the most important theologians of thesecond and third centuries. According to tradition, Hippolytus was a disciple ofIrenaeus, a disciple of Polycarp, a disciple of John the Apostle who wroteextensively about the end times.2) Victorinus (d. 333), an early Christian bishop and martyr. His commentary onthe book of Revelation is the oldest complete commentary on Revelation in ourpossession.3) Lactantius (240–320), a well-known early Christian apologist in the third andfourth centuries.4) Ephrem the Syrian (306–373), an early Syriac deacon hymn-writer andtheologians of the 4th century.5) John Chrystostom (347—407), the highly influential Greek archbishop ofConstantinople.

Joelstrumpet.com6) Jerome (347–420), the renowned Latin theologian and historian of the fourthand fifth centuries.7) Theodoret of Cyrrhus (393–457), the highly influential author, theologian andbishop of Cyrrhus, Syria, in the fifth century.8) Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1727), the renowned English physicist,mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian.9) John Gill (1697–1771), an English Baptist pastor, biblical scholar well known forhis John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible (1748).10)John Wesley (1703–1791), the well known Anglican cleric, theologian andpreacher who founded along with his brother Charles Wesley, the Methodistmovement.11)Jamieson, Fausset and Brown (1871), the three co-authors of the BibleCommentary by the same name.12) S.P. Tregelles (1813–1875), an English biblical scholar, textual critic andtheologian. Tregelles is most well-known for translating Wilhelm Gesenius’famous Hebrew Chaldee lexicon into English.13) C.F. Keil (1813–1890), the celebrated German Hebraist and commentator whoco-authored a commentary on the Old Testament with Frederick Delitzsch.14) John Nelson Darby (1800 – 1882), an Anglo-Irish evangelist, influential figureamong the Plymouth Brethren, the father of modern Dispensationalism.15) J.E.H. Thompson, (1918), the author of the Pulpit Commentary16) Clarence Larkin (1850–1924), an American Baptist pastor, Bible teacher andauthor of the classic work on dispensational eschatology, “Dispensational Truth.”17) William L. Pettingill, (1886-1950), a leading Bible teacher of his day andDean of the Philadelphia School of the Bible, which he co-founded with C.I.Scofield.18) Arthur W. Pink (1886–1952), an English evangelist and biblical scholarwell-known for his book “The Antichrist.”19) G.H. Lang (1874–1958), one of the foremost dispensational premillennialistbiblical scholars of his day.20) F.F. Bruce (1910–1990), another biblical scholar of the highest calibre whoneeds no introduction.