Transcription
1v/;k; & 1jktLFkku ds HkkSxksfyd izns’kHkkSxksfyd çns'k ls rkRi;Z mu fof'k"V {ks ksa ls gSa ftudk fu/kkZj.k HkkSxksfyd rRoksa dsvk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA ;s os çns'k gksrs gSa] ftuesa mPpkop] tyok;q] çkÑfrd ouLifr]e nk esa i;kZIr ,d:irk n f"Vxr gksrh gSA bl çdkj dh lekurk ;k ,d:irk ds dkj.k;gk¡ ds vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd Lo:i esa Hkh lkekU;r;k lekurk ns[kh tkrh gSA ; fi çR;sd{ks vius lehiLFk Hkkx ls fHkUu gksrk gS] fdUrq muesa ,d vkUrfjd ,d:irk vUrfuZfgrgksrh gSA ;gh ,d:irk çns'kksa dh igpku gksrh gSA çR;sd çns'k dh HkkSxksfyd fof'k"Vrk;saml çns'k ds vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd Lo:i dks u dsoy çHkkfor vfirq fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA ;sçns'k ek lS)kfUrd u gksdj {ks h; fodkl dk vk/kkj çLrqr djrs gS rFkk {ks h; fu;kstudk ekxZ ç'kLr djrs gSAajktLFkku ,d ,slk jkT; gS tgk¡ vR;f/kd HkkSxksfyd fofo/krk;sa] ;gk¡ ds u dsoyfodkl dks çHkkfor djrh gS] vfirq lfn;ksa ls ;gk¡ ds tu&thou esa fofo/krk ds lkFk ,drkdk lw ikr djrh jgh gSA jktLFkku ds e/; esa vjkoyh ioZr Jsf.k;ksa dk foLrkj gS] rksif'pe esa fo'kky e:çns'k gSA iwohZ jktLFkku dk eSnkuh {ks vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ dk iBkjh {ks viuh fof'k"V igpku j[krk gSA vr% bu çns'kksa dk v/;;u ;gk¡ ds çkÑfrd] vkfFkZd ,oalkekftd Lo:i dks le us ds fy;s vko';d gS] D;ksafd blh ds ek/;e ls ge ;gk¡ dhle ) laLÑfr dks le ldrs gS rFkk fodkl dh ;kstukvksa dks ubZ fn'kk ns ldrs gSaAjktLFkku ds HkkSxksfyd çns'kksa dk fu/kkZj.k loZçFke çks- oh-lh-feJk us jktLFkku dkHkwxksy* iqLrd esa fd;k ftldk çdk'ku us'kuy cqd VªLV* }kjk 1968 esa fd;k x;kA mUgksausjktLFkku dks lkr HkkSxksfyd çns'kksa esa foHkDr fd;k] tks fuEu rkfydk esa iznf'kZr gS&rkfydk 1-1 çks-oh-lh-feJk }kjk çLrkfor HkkSxksfyd çns'kØla12HkkSxksfyd çns'kfo'ks"krkftysif'peh 'kq"d çns'k 'kq"d jsfxLrkuh eSnku] tSlsyesj] ckM esj] n-iw- chdkusj]okf"kZd o"kkZ 15 ls 25 ls-eh- if'peh tkS/kiqj] n-i-pw: rFkkif'peh ukxkSjv)Z&'kq"d çns'kvjkoyh ds if'pe dk tkykSj] ikyh] ukxkSj] qa quw] m-iw'kq"d çns'k] okf"kZd o"kkZ 25 pw: o n-iw- tkS/kiqj
2ls 50 lseh3ugjh {ks flafpr jsfxLrkuh eSnku] xaxkuxj] if'peh chdkusj vkSjokf"kZd o"kkZ 15 ls 25 ls-eh- mÙkjh tSlsyesj4vjkoyh çns'kvjkoyh dh igkfM ;k¡] mn;iqj] n-iw- ikyh o if'pehokf"kZd o"kkZ 30 ls 60 lseh- Mw¡xjiqj5iwohZÑf"kvkS ksfxd çns'k& eSnkuh o iBkjh v)Z 'kq"d t;iqj] vtesj] lokbZ ek/kksiqj]çns'k okf"kZd o"kkZ 50 lseh HkhyokM k] cwUnh] vyoj] Hkjriqj]ls vf/kd/kkSyiqj vkSj dksVk 'kgj6-nf{k.kh&iwohZçns'k7pEcy chgM çns'kÑf"kZ foU/;u o ykok iBkj] iwohZ Mw¡xjiqj] ck¡lokM k] fpÙkkSM x ]of"kZd o"kkZ 50 lseh ls dksVk] kykokM vf/kdpEcy ds chgM ] okf"kZd lokbZ ek/kksiqj vkSj tks/kiqjo"kkZ 50 ls-eh- ls vf/kdblh çdkj çks-jke ykspu flag us 1971 esa Hkkjr dk çkns'khdj.k djrs gq, jktLFkkudks nks o gr çns'kksa ;Fkk jktLFkku vkSj jktLFkku iBkj esa foHkä dj buds pkj mi&çns'kvkSj 12 y?kq çns'kksa esa foHkDr dj mudk fooj.k çLrqr fd;kA ,d vU; foHkktu çks- frokjhvkSj lDlsuk us jktLFkku dk izknsf’kd Hkwxksy* iqLrd esa 1994 esa çLrqr fd;kA blesajktLFkku ds /kjkry] tyok;q] unh&csflu vkfn dks vk/kkj cukdj mUgsa ç'kklfud lhekvksads lkFk lefUor dj jktLFkku ds çeq[k] xkS.k] r rh;d ,oa lw{e çns'kksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;kAmi;qZDr çknsf'kdj.k dh tfVyrkvksa esa u tkdj ge ;gk¡ jktLFkku ds lkekU;HkkSxksfyd çns'kksa dk fooj.k çLrqr dj jgs gSa tks jkT; ds HkkSxksfyd] vkfFkZd ,oatulka[;dh; Lo:i dks rks Li"V djrs gh gSa lkFk esa fodkl dh vk/kkjf’kyk Hkh gSaAlkekU;r;k jktLFkku dks pkj HkkSxksfyd çns'kksa esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gS tks fuEufyf[kr gS&¼ekufp 1-1½1-e:LFkyh; çns'k2-vjkoyh ioZrh; çns'k3-eSnkuh çns'k4-nf{k.kh&iwohZ iBkjh çns'k ¼gkM kSrh çns'k½
3ekufp 1-1 jktLFkku ds HkkSxksfyd izns’ke:LFkyh; çns'kjktLFkku ds if'pe esa foLr r ,oa fo'kky e:LFky u dsoy jkT; dk vfirq lEiw.kZHkkjr dk ,d fof'k"V HkkSxksfyd çns'k gS ftls Hkkjr dk fo'kky e:LFky] vFkok Fkkj dke:LFky* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl çns'k dk foLrkj jkT; esa 250 mÙkjh ls 300 mÙkjhv{kka'k vkSj 690300 iwohZ ls 700450 iwohZ ns'kkUrj ds e/; gSA vjkoyh ioZr Ük a[kyk ds if'peesa ;g çns'k 300 fe-eh- ls de o"kkZ okys {ks ij QSyk ckyw dk fo'kky {ks gSA bldsvUrxZr jkT; ds ckM ejs ] tks/kiqj] tSlyesj] chdkusj] xaxkuxj] guqekux ftys iw.kZ e:LFkyrFkk tkykSj] ikyh] ukxkSj pw:] qU quwa] lhdj ftys v)Z e:LFkyh; gSA çkÑfrd ,oaekuoh; fofo/krkvksa ds dkj.k bl çns'k dks Øe’k% e:LFkyh] ugjh e:LFky] ckxM izns’kvkfn esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gSAe:LFky dk mn HkojktLFkku ds e:LFky dh mRifÙk ds fo"k; esa HkwxHkZoÙs kkvksa ds erks esa fHkUurk gSA dqNfo}ku ;g Lohdkj djrs gsa fd tgk¡ vkt e:LFky gS ogk¡ iwoZ esa mitkÅ ou vkPNkfnrvknzZ çns'k Fkk tks dkykUrj esa HkwxkfHkZd ifjorZuksa ls 'kq"d e: Hkwfe esa ifjofrZr gks x;kAHkwxfHkZd çek.k Li"V n'kkZrs gSa fd ieksZ&dkcksZfuQsjl dky esa if'peh jktLFkku ijfoLr r leqnz FkkA T;wjsfld] fØVsf'k;l vkSj b;kslhu HkwxkfHkZd ;qxksa esa ;g {ks leqnz ds uhpsFkk vkSj /khjs&/khjs ;gk¡ ls leqnz f[kldus yxk] rRi'pkr IyhLVkslhu dky esa ;gk¡ euq";ksa dkçknqHkkZo gqvk] tks Øe'k% foLr r gksrk x;k vkSj ekuoh; fØ;k&dykiksa us bls e:LFkyh; {ks cukus esa egŸkh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA QyLo:i bZlk iwoZ 4000 ls 1000 o"kZ ds e/; bl {ks esa iw.kZ
4e:LFkyh; n'kkvksa dk fodkl gks x;kA ;gk¡ fo eku [kkjs ikuh dh hyksa dks leqnzksa dkvo'ks"k ekuk tkrk gSAlj flfjy QkWDl ds vuqlkj] e:LFky dk nf{k.kh&if'peh ,oa fla/k dk fupyh ?kkVhokyk Hkkx vij Vf'kZ;jh ;qx rd leqnz ds uhps jgkA ;g rF; ;gk¡ tk;s tkus okyh pêkuksaesa çkIr leqnzh thok'e ls Li"V gksrk gSAcSys.MQksMZ us Hkh blh çdkj ds fopkj çLrqr fd;s gSaA muds vuqlkj leqnz dsfujUrj ihNs gVus ds ifj.kkeLo:i fldqMu &fØ;k ls mfRFkr leqnz ryh us e:LFkyh; {ks dks tUe fn;k] ftldk çek.k bl {ks dh yo.kh; hysa gSa rFkk dPN dk nynyh Hkkx Hkhmlh dk vo'ks"k gSA,d vU; fopkj ds vuqlkj fujUrj gokvkas ds lkFk gksus okyk ckyw çokg Hkh bldkdkj.k ekuk tkrk gSA okLro esa Fkkj dk e:LFky ckyw dk fo'kky {ks gSA ;gk¡ ckyw dkmn xe ,oa foLrkj ds fuEu dkj.k gS&¼1½pêkuksa ds fujUrj vi{kj.k ds QyLo:i ckyw dk mn Hko gqvk] ;g fØ;kgtkjksa o"kksZa ls vuojr :i ls py jgh gS vkSj vkt Hkh tkjh gSA¼2½ ok;q }kjk mM kdj ykuk vFkkZr ok;w L ksr] bldk ,d çeq[k dkj.k gSAnf{k.kh&if'peh ekulwuh gok,¡ fo'ks"kr% dPN ds ju ls fo'kky ;k k eas ckyw mM k dj ykrhgSA¼3½ czwl&QwV ds vuqlkj eqgkuksa ds çkphu rV orZeku HkwxfHkZd dky esa Hkh fla/kq ?kkVh vkSjywuh csflu ds mÙkj&iwoZ esa yEch nwjh rd foLr r FksAjktLFkku ds e:LFky ds lEcU/k esa ;g lR; gS fd ;gk¡ igys ljLorh unh dkçokg Fkk rFkk blds rV ij vusd vf/kokl Fks vkSj ;g {ks ouLifr ls ;qDr FkkA dkykUrjesa o"kkZ dh deh] xehZ rFkk 'kq"drk esa o f) vkSj vusd çkÑfrd dkj.kksa ls ;g {ks e:Hkwfe esaifjofrZr gksrk x;kA ljLorh unh lw[krh xbZ vkSj blds lkFk gh rVorhZ vf/kokl HkhmtM rs x;sA fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj orZeku esa guqekx ftys ls xqtjus okys ?kX?kj dk ryokLro esa ljLorh dk vo'ks"k gSAjktLFkku ds Fkkj e:LFky* ds lEcU/k esa ;g Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fdfy;s ekuoh; dkjd Hkh mÙkjnk;h gSA blesa çeq[k gS ouLifr dk dkVuk vkSjpkj.k gSA ouLifr viuh tM kas ds ek/;e ls feêh dks laxfBr j[krh gSouLifr dVrh tkrh gS e nk vlaxfBr gks jsr esa cny tkrh gS vkSj gokyxrh gSA blh çdkj vfu;fU r i'kq pkj.k ls vFkkZr i'kqvksa ds [kqjksa ls feêhbldh o f) dsvfu;fU r i'kqvkSj tSls&tSlsds lkFk mM usdVrh tkrh gS
5vkSj fujUrj ;g çfØ;k pyus ls feêh jsr esa cny tkrh gSA i'kqpkj.k 'kq"d çns'kksa dk çeq[km e jgk gS vkSj vkt Hkh gS vkSj ;g e:LFkyhdj.k dk ,d dkj.k gSAçkÑfrd Lo:ie:LFkyh; çns'k jkT; dk gh ugha vfirq Hkkjr dk ,d fof'k"V çkÑfrd çns'k gS]tks ;gk¡ ds mPpkoph; Lo:i] tyok;q] izkd frd ouLifr] e nk vkfn dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls Li"Vifjyf{kr gksrh gSA/kjkry vFkok mPpkop dh n f"V ;g çns'k ,d fo'kky jsr dk lkxj gS tgk¡ nwj&nwjrd ckyqdk&Lrwi ,oa jsr dk lkxj ygjkrk jgrk gS] ; fi dgha&dgha pêkuh {ks Hkhn f"Vxr gksrs gSaA vr% bl e:LFky dks jsrhyk e:LFky ,oa iFkjhyk e:LFky nks Hkkxksa esafoHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA jsrhys e:LFky dk foLrkj lEiw.kZ {ks ds yxHkx 85 çfr'kr{ks ij gSA bl ns'k dh fof'k"V Hkw&vkÑfr ckyqdk&Lrwi ¼Sand-dunes½ gSa tks fofo/k :iksaesa foLr r gSA ;gk¡ ds ckyqdk Lrwiksa esa v)Z pUnzkdkj ¼cj[kku½] vuqçLFk ,oa ns'kkUrjh;ckyqdk&Lrwi gSA ;s ckyqdk Lrwi vfr NksVs ls 100 ls 200 ehVj dh pkSM kbZ vkSj 10&20ehVj ls vf/kdre 60 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ rd ns[ksa tk ldrs gSaA ;s ckyqdk Lrwi fLFkj u gksdjLFkkukUrfjr gksrs jgrs gS rFkk buds Lo:i esa Hkh ifjorZu vkrk jgrk gSAblds foijhr iFkjhyk e:LFky tSlyesj] chdkusj ds mÙkjh Hkkx rFkk tks/kiqj dhQykSnh rglhy ds dqN Hkkxksa esa fLFkr gSA ;gk¡ cyqvk vkSj pwus ds iRFkj ds 'kSy gS] ftudkmi;ksx LFkkuh; bekjrh iRFkj ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSAe:LFkyh; çns'k ds mÙkjh Hkkx vFkkZr guqekux &xaxkuxj ftyksa esa fLFkr ?kX?kj dkeSnku ,d fof'k"V çkÑfrd çns'k gSA ;g ?kX?kj unh dk ry gS ftls vc e r unh* dgktkrk gS fdUrq o"kkZ dky esa blesa u dsoy ty çokfgr gksrk gS vfirq ck vk tkrh gSSAtyok;q dh n f"V ls ;g çns'k m".k&e:LFkyh; tyok;q okyk gS tgk¡ mPprerkieku xzh"e dky esa rFkk 'khrdky Hkh i;kZIr B.Mk gksrk gSA nSfud rkikUrj vf/kd gksusdk dkj.k ;gk¡ foLr r jsr gS tks 'kh?kz xeZ vkSj 'kh?kz B.Mh gks tkrh gSaA ;g çns'k Hkkjr dsm".kre çns'kksa esa ls gSA xehZ esa ;gk¡ vf/kdka'kr% 400 ls-xzs- ls vf/kd rkieku gksrk gS tks 500ls-xzs- rd igq¡p tkrk gSA tcfd 'khr rq esa vkSlr rkieku 120 ls-xzs- ls 160 ls-xzs- jgrk gSfdUrq pw#] xaxkuxj esa ;g 8 ls 100 ls-xsz- gksrk gS tks dHkh&dHkh teko fcUnq vFkkZr thjksfMxzh ls-xsz- rd igq¡p tkrk gSAtqykbZ ls flrEcj rd ds eghus vknzzZ gksrs gSa tcfd lkisf{kr vknzZrk 55 çfr'kr ls70 çfr'kr rd jgrh gS] ebZ&twu esa ;g ek 30 çfr'kr jg tkrh gSA xzh"e dky esa /kwyHkjh vkaf/k;k¡ pyuk ;gk¡ lkekU; gSA bl çns'k esa o"kkZ dk vkSlr chdkusj esa 30 lseh] ckM ejs
6esa 15 lseh] tks/kiqj esa 35 lseh- rFkk tSlyesj esa 10 lseh- jgrk gSA ;g o"kkZ tqykbZ&flrEcjds e/; gksrh gSA 'khrdky esa if'peh pØokrksa ls ;gk¡ dqN o"kkZ gks tkrh gS ftls ekoB dgrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh e:LFkyh; çns'kksa esa if'peh pØokrksa ls dqN o"kkZ gksrh gS ftlls ;gk¡rd fd ck Hkh vk tkrh gSAouLifr & ouLifr dh n f"V ls e:LFkyh; ouLifr gh ;gk¡ ç/kkur% gksrh gS tks de o"kkZvkSj mPp rkieku esa viuk vfLrRo cuk;s j[kus esa leFkZ gSA ;gk¡ NksVs ikS/ks] daVhyh kfM ;ksads vfrfjDr ccwy] [kstM h] dhdj] ukxQuh vkfn ikbZ tkrh gSA ;gk¡ ikbZ tkus okyh ?kk¡l esalhou ,oa rqjfMxe çeq[k gSA e:LFky ds ftu Hkkxksa esa ty miyC/k gks jgk gS] ogk¡ jksfirouLifr ls i;kZoj.k ifjn '; esa ifjorZu vk jgk gSAe nk & bl çns'k dh e nk mitkÅ gS fdUrq ;g rHkh lEHko gksrk gS tc mls ty miyC/kgksrk gSA ;gk¡ ok;w fefê;k¡ gSA ftudk fuekZ.k ok;q ,oa vU; vijnu ,oa vi{k; ls gqvk gSrFkk gokvksa }kjk ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij tek dj nh xbZ gSA blesa leqnzh çns'kksa lsmM kdj ykbZ xbZ e nk Hkh lfEefyr gSA ?kX?kj çns'k esa tyks e nk gSA blh çdkj ywuh csfluesa Hkh tyks e nk gSA ;gk¡ dh e nk esa tSfod inkFkksZa dh deh vkSj yo.krk vf/kd gSAxaxkuxj {ks esa dk¡i feêh gS tcfd ckM ejs ] tSlyesj] chdkusj vkSj ukxkSj esa yo.kh; e nkdh ç/kkurk gSAvkfFkZd çk:ijktLFkku ds e:LFkyh; çns'k esa çkÑfrd ck/kkvksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh vkfFkZd fodkl dhvksj ;g çns'k vxzlj gSA ;gk¡ Ñf"k] i'kqikyu] [kfut] m ksx] ifjogu ,oa foi.ku dkfodkl Øfed :i ls gks jgk gSA Ñf"k dk fodkl e:LFkyh;&çns'k esa lhfer gSAvf/kdka'kr% tgk¡ dgha o"kkZ gks tkrh gS ogk¡ cktjk] puk] eksB] ew¡xw vkfn dh Qly gks tkrhgS vkSj o"kkZ u gksus ls vdky dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gSA fdUrq bl fLFkfr esa vcifjorZu vk jgk gS fo'ks"kdj tgk¡ ugjh flapkbZ lqfo/kk miyC/k gSA xax ugj ds i'pkr bfUnjk xk¡/kh ugj ,oa Hkk[kM k ugjksa us xaxkuxj&guqekux ftyksa dks jkT; ds vxz.kh Ñf"kmRiknd ftyksa esa cny fn;k gSA ;g fLFkfr fcdkusj ftys esa vkSj tSlyesj esa Hkh çkjEHk gkspqdh gSA vkt e:LFky dk mÙkjh&iwohZ flafpr {ks xsg¡w] xUuk] dikl] frygu] nygu vkfnds mRiknu esa egÙkh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA ywuh csflu esa Hkh tokbZ ck¡/k ls flapkbZ }kjk Ñf"kgksrh gSA blh ds lkFk V ;wcosy }kjk Hkh vusd Hkkxksa esa flapkbZ gks jgh gSA vflafpr çns'k esavkt Hkh cktjk çeq[k Qly gSAi'kqikyu dh n f"V ls e:LFkyh; {ks egÙoiw.kZ gS vkSj okLro esa i'kq ;gk¡ dh lEink gSa ftlij ;gk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa dk thou ;kiu gksrk gSA foijhr çkÑfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh ;g {ks i'kqikyu gsrq fo[;kr gSA Å¡V ;gk¡ dk çeq[k i'kq gS ftldk e:&ifjfLFkfrdh ls iw.kZ
7lkeatL; gSA ckM ejs ] tSlyesj] tks/kiqj] ukxkSj] pw: Å¡Vksa ds fy, çfl) gSA xk; ,oa cSyksadh ;gk¡ mÙke uLysa ikyh tkrh gSA ckM esj esa dkdjst] tSlyesj esa Fkkjikjdj]chdkusj&xaxkuxj esa jkBh uLy dh xk;sa nw/k ds fy, çfl) gSA chdkusj nqX/k m ksx dkçeq[k dsUnzA cSyksa ds fy, ukxkSj lEiw.kZ ns'k esa fo[;kr gSA HksM ikyu rFkk cdjh ikyu ;gk¡vf/kdrk ls gksrk gS D;ksafd ;s nksuksa tkuoj ?kfV;k ?kkl ,oa fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ouLifr ijthfor jg ldrs gSaA HksM kas ls ;gk¡ Åu m ksx fodflr gqvk gSA chdkusj bldk çeq[k dsUnzgSA tcfd cdfj;k¡ ekal ds fy, vf/kd ikyh tkrh gSA[kfut lEink & bl çns'k esa vusd çdkj ds [kfut miyC/k gSA ftIle ds çeq[k Hk.Mkjchdkusj ds tk;lj] ywudjulj {ks ] ukxkSj] tks/kiqj] pq:] guqekux esa gSaA fyXukbV dks;ysdk Hk.Mkj chdkusj ds iykuk {ks esa gSA laxejej edjkuk] ijcrlj esa] VaxLVu ukxkSj dsMsxkuk esa] pwus dk iRFkj lkstr] xksVu] vVcM k] ew¡Mok esa] MksyksekbZV lhdj] tks/kiqj esa]rkeM k lhdj ds egok] ckxs'oj esa] eqYrkuh feêh chdkusj] ckM esj] tSlyesj esa miyC/k gSAgky gh esa tSlyesj ftys esa rsy ,oa xSl Hk.Mkjksa dk irk pyk gS rFkk rkuksV vkSj jkex esapkj dqvksa ls xSl ds Hk.Mkj feys gSa ;gk¡ [kfut rsy vkSj xSl dk mRiknu çkjEHk gks x;k gSAvU; {ks ksa esa Hkh rsy vkSj çkÑfrd xSl vk;ksx }kjk vuqla/kku tkjh gS rFkk mlds mÙkeifj.kke fudyus dh lEHkkouk gSAvkS ksfxd n f"V ls e:LFkyh; çns'k fiNM k gqvk gSA vf/kdka'kr% e/;e Js.kh ds m ksx ,oay?kq m ksx gh ;gk¡ fodflr gq, gSA Åu m ksx] dkyhu] uens] oL ksa dh NikbZ] jaxkbZ]twfr;k¡ cukuk] dlhnkdkjh vkfn çeq[k dqVhj m ksx gSaA tks/kiqj] chdkusj] ikyh] xaxkuxj]guqekux ] [ksrM h] lhdj çeq[k vkS ksfxd dsUnz gSA xaxkuxj] guqekux vkSj ikyh ftys esalwrh oL ,oa dikl ftfuax&çsflax feys gSaA Åuh oL m ksx tks/kiqj] chdkusj] pw#]uoyx esa A phuh dh jkT; ljdkj dh fey xaxkuxj esa gS ftlds lkFk fMLVyjh Hkh gSArsy fey vusd LFkkuksa ij gSA ued m ksx MhMokuk] lk¡Hkj] dqpkeu ,oa lqtkux ] esadsfUnzr gSA edjkuk laxejej m ksx dk dsUnz gSA lkekU;r;k ;g çns'k vkS ksfxd n f"V lsfodflr ugha gS fdUrq Hkfo"; esa fodkl dh i;kZIr lEHkkouk,a gSaAifjogu dk fodkl bl çns'k esa eq[;r;k LorU rk ds i'pkr gh gqvk gSA bl çns'k dsçeq[k jsy ekxZ gS& chdkusj&tks/kiqj&ikyh&ekjokM ] tks/kiqj & esM rk & Qqysjk &fnYyh]chdkusj & jrux & pw# & fnYyh] tks/kiqj & chdkusj & lwjrx & guqekux & HkfV.MkekxZ] lwjrx & vuwix ] tks/kiqj & t;iqj & lokbZek/kksiqj & dksVk] tks/kiqj & tSlyesj]tkS/kiqj & vgenkckn] ckM esj & equkckc jsy] ekjokM & vgenkcknAlM d ifjogu dk i;kZIr fodkl foxr ipkl o"kksZa esa gqvk gSA jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 15xaxkuxj ls chdkusj] ckyksrjk] ckM esj gksrs gq, xqtjkr ds dk¡Myk rd pyk x;k gSA vU;
8çeq[k lM d ekxksZa esa tks/kiqj&vgenkckn lM d ekxZ] tks/kiqj & chdkusj] chdkusj &xaxkuxj] tks/kiqj & ikyh & fljksgh] jrux & ukxkSj & tks/kiqj] xaxkuxj & guqekux &ljnkj 'kgj vkfn gSA tSlyesj] ckM esj] chdkusj vkSj xaxkuxj ftyksa esa lhekorhZ {ks h;fodkl ds vUrxZr lM d ekxksZa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA orZeku es alEiw.kZ çns'k lM d ekxksZals la;qDr gS vkSj lHkh uxj ,oa dLcs rFkk cM s xzke lM dksa ls tqM s gSaA ok;q ifjogu dhfu;fer lqfo/kk dsoy tks/kiqj uxj esa gS] tks fnYyh] t;iqj] cEcbZ ls ok;q lsok }kjk tqM kgqvk gSAtula[;kjktLFkku dk e:LFkyh; çns'k vis{kkÑr de tula[;k dks çJ; nsrk gS D;ksfa d ;gk¡dh çkÑfrd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ dBksj gS rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl Hkh vis{kkÑr de gSA fdUrq ;gk¡ dsfuoklh dBksj ifjJe ls viuk thou ;kiu djrs vk;s gSa vkSj mUgksaus fof'k"V lkaLÑfrd{ks ksa tSls ekjokM ] ckaxM ] 'ks[kkokVh vkfn dk fodkl fd;k gSAbl çns'k esa o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj tks/kiqj ftys dh tula[;k lclsvf/kd 36-85 yk[k vafdr dh xbZA blds i'pkr ukxkSj ftys dh 33-09 yk[k rFkk lhdjdh 26-27 yk[k tula[;k FkhA lcls dc tula[;k tSlyesj ftys dh 6-72 yk[k vafdr dhxbZAlEiw.kZ e:LFkyh çns'k esa o"kZ 2001 esa jkT; dh 39-84 çfr'kr tula[;k fuokldjuk ik;k x;kA tula[;k ?kuRo dh n f"V ls lokZf/kd ftys esa 361 O;fDr izfr O;fDrfdeh- gSA tcfd lcls de ?kuRo tSlyesj ftys esa 17 O;fDr çfr oxZ fdeh- gS tks jkT;dk U;wure gSAtks/kiqj bl çns'k dk lcls cM k uxj gSA vU; izeq[k uxj gS & chdkusj] xaxkuxj]ikyh] lhdj] guqekux ] pw# vkSj q a quw¡A bl {ks ds vU; uxj ckM esj] tSlyesj] tkykSj]ukxkSj] jrux ] ckyksÙkjk] uoyx ] eqdUnx ] fiykuh] lqtkux ] ,oa ljnkj ’kgj gSAe:LFkyh; çns'k ds mi;qZDr fooj.k ls Li"V gS fd jkT; dk ;g {ks çkÑfrddfBukbZ ls ;qDr gS fdUrq ;gk¡ ds fuoklh deZB ,oa ifjJeh gS vkSj lfn;ksa ls ;gk¡ thou;kiu dj jgs gSaA vkfFkZd fodkl lhfer gqvk gS fdUrq bl fn'kk eas fujUrj çxfr gks jgh gS]fo'ks"kdj ugjksa }kjk flapkbZ ds foLrkj us e#Hkwfe ds foLr r Hkkx dks gjk&Hkjk cuk fn;k gSAÑf"k] i'kqikyu] m ksx vkfn fodflr gks jgs gSaA i;ZVu m ksx esa ;gk¡ fujUrj o f) gks jgh
9gSA tSlyesj] tks/kiqj rFkk chdkusj ds i;ZVu LFky fonsf'k;ksa ds vkd"kZ.k ds dsUnz gSaAfulUnsg bl çns'k ds fodkl dh i;kZIr lEHkkouk,¡ gSaAvjkoyh çns'kHkkSxksfyd n f"V ls vjkoyh* jktLFkku dk fof'k"V çns'k gS ftls ioZrh; çns'k Hkhdgk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ vjkoyh ioZr Üka [kyk,¡ foLr r gSA jkT; ds e/; esa d.kZor nf{k.k&if'pe ls mÙkj&iwoZ dh vksj foLr r vjkoyh ioZr Js.kh fo'o dh çkphure ioZrJsf.k;ksa esa ls gSA vjkoyh dh igkfM;ksa us jktLFkku dks tgk¡ ,d vksj çkÑfrd fof'k"Vrkçnku dh gS] ogha nwljh vksj ;gk¡ ds vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fodkl dks Hkh çHkkfor fd;k gSAblds vUrxZr jktLFkku ds fljksgh] mn;iqj] jktleUn] vtesj] t;iqj] nkSlk] vyoj] ftyseq[;r;k lfEefyr gSA fdUrq budh 'kk[kkvksa ,oa çHkko dks n f"Vxr j[krs gq, blesa Mw¡xjiqj]ck¡lokM k] fpÙkkSM x rFkk HkhyokM k ftys Hkh lfEefyr dj fy, tkrs gSA lhdj vkSj qa quw¡ftys dh dqN rglhysa Hkh blesa lfEefyr dh tkrh gSaA ;g lEiw.kZ çns'k ek ,d HkkSxksfydçns'k gh ugha vfirq ,d ;kstuk çns'k* gSA ftlds fodkl gsrq fof'k"V ç;kl fd;s tk jgs gSAçkÑfrd Lo:iHkw&vkÑfrdh dh n f"V ls vjkoyh Jsf.k;k¡ Hkkjr esa fof'k"V gSA vjkoyh Jsf.k;k¡xqtjkr ds eSnku ls çkjEHk gksdj nsgyh rd jktLFkku ds e/; ls d.kZor nf{k.k&if'pe lsmÙkj&iwoZ rd yxHkx 700 fd-eh- yEckbZ esa QSyh gqbZ gSA HkwxkfHkZd lajpuk dh n f"V lsvjkoyh Jsf.k;k¡ çh&dsfEcz;u 'kSyksa ls lEcfU/kr gSa ftUgsa nsgyh Øe vkSj vjkoyh Øe dsvUrxZr of.kZr fd;k tkrk gSA vjkoyh Jsf.k;ksa dks rhu çeq[k mi&çns'kksa esa foHkä fd;ktkrk gS&¼v½¼v½nf{k.kh vjkoyh çns'k¼c½e/; vjkoyh çns'k¼l½mÙkjh vjkoyh çns'knf{k.kh vjkoyhnf{k.kh vjkoyh {ks okLro esa eq[; vjkoyh gSA bl Hkkx esa ioZr Jsf.k;ksa dk foLrkj100 fdeh- pkSMk bZ rd gks x;k gS rFkk vkSlr Å¡pkbZ 1000 ehVj gSA bl {ks esa 8 ls 10Jsf.k;ksa dk lekukUrj foLrkj gSA nf{k.kh vjkoyh {ks Å¡pkbZ esa de gksrs tkrs gSa rFkk osMw¡xjiqj] ck¡lokM k vkSj iwohZ bZMj dh igkfM ;ksa esa cny tkrs gSaA ekm.V vkcw ds {ks esa ioZrJsf.k;k¡ l?ku gSa] ;gha ij vjkoyh dk loksZPp f'k[kj xq# f'k[kj gS ftldh Å¡pkbZ leqnz ryls 1722 ehVj gSA ;gk¡ dh vU; Jsf.k;k¡ lsj ¼1597ehVj½] vpyx ¼1380ehVj½] nsyokM k¼1442 ehVj½ vkSj vkcw ¼1225ehVj½ gSaA mn;iqj&jktleUn {ks esa loksZPp f'k[kj tjxk ioZr
10gS] ftldh Å¡pkbZ 1431ehVj gSA ;gk¡ dh vU; Jsf.k;k¡ dqEHkyx ] yhykx ] ukxikuh]deykukFk dh igkM h] lTtux vkfn gSA uDdh hy ekm.V vkcw ij fLFkr çkÑfrd hygSA mn;iqj ds fudV Hkh fiNksyk] Qrg lkxj] t;leUn hys gSaA bu Jsf.k;ksa esa xzsukbV dhç/kkurk ds lkFk&lkFk nsgyh vkSj vjkoyh DokVZtkbV Hkh ç/kkurk ls gSaA bl çns'k dkviokg rU lekukUrj vkSj nf{k.korhZ gS tks cukl] lkcjerh] ikejh] ck[ky ufn;ksa }kjkrFkk nf{k.k&iwoZ esa xkserh vkSj lkse ufn;k¡ gSaA¼c½e/; vjkoyhe/; vjkoyh dk foLrkj mn;iqj] jktleUn vkSj vtesj ftyksa esa gSA bl {ks esaigkfM ;kas dh vkSlr Å¡pkbZ 700 ehVj gS fdUrq ?kkfV;ksa 550 ehVj Å¡ph gSA ;s Jsf.k;k¡ yxHkx30 fdeh- pkSM h vkSj 100 fdeh- rd foLr r gSA vtesj ds fudV rkjkx dh Å¡pkbZ870ehVj gS vkSj if'pe esa lfiZykdkj ioZr Jsf.k;k¡ ukx igkM ¼795ehVj½ gSA bl Hkkx esavjkoyh dh vkSlr Å¡pkbZ 700 ehVj gSA vtesj vkSj ulhjkckn ds e/; dh Jsf.k;k¡ tyfoHkktd dk dk;Z djrh gSA C;koj rglhy ds pkj njsZ ckj] i[ksfj;k] f'koiqj ?kkV rFkk lqjk?kkV gSA¼l½mÙkjh vjkoyhmÙkjh vjkoyh dk foLrkj lk¡Hkj ls mÙkj&iwoZ dks gSA blesa 'ks[kkoVh dh igkfM ;k¡]rksjkokVh dh igkfM ;k¡ rFkk t;iqj vkSj vyoj dh igkfM ;k¡ lfEefyr gSaA bl {ks dh leLrJsf.k;k¡ vijfnr gSA çeq[k ioZr Jsf.k;k¡ t;x ¼648ehVj½] ukgjx ¼599ehVj½] Hkkux ¼649ehVj½] fljkokl ¼651ehVj½] vyoj fdyk ¼597ehVj½ gSaA ck.kxaxk] /kqU/k vkSj ck¡Mh ufn;k¡çeq[k gSa tks cukl unh dh lgk;d gSAtyok;qvjkoyh çns'k dh tyok;q vfr fof'k"V gS] blds ,d vksj 'kq"d e:LFky gS rksnwljh vksj o"kkZ ;qDr çns'kA blh dkj.k blds if'peh Hkkx esa 'kq"d tyok;q gS rks iwohZ Hkkxesa vknZz tyok;qA Å¡pkbZ dk çHkko Hkh tyok;q ij gSA ; fi vjkoyh ioZr Ük a[kyk vf/kdÅ¡pkbZ dh ugha gS fdUrq ekm.V vkcw xzh"e esa Hkh lqgkous ekSle ds dkj.k i;Zvdksa dk dsUnzgSA rkieku nf{k.kh vjkoyh] e/; vjkoyh ,oa mÙkjh vjkoyh esa fHkUurk j[krk gSA ;gk¡ xzh"eesa 280 ls 340 ls-xz- vkSj 'khr rq esa 100 ls 160 ls-xzs- ds e/; jgrk gSA çns'k ds nf{k.khHkkxksa esa 100 ls 150 ls-eh- o"kkZ gksrh gS] tcfd e/; ,oa mÙkjh Hkkx 40 ls 80 lseh- rdAçkÑfrd ouLifr & dks vjkoyh ioZr ekyk çJ; ns jgh gS fdUrq nqHkkZX; ls foxr dqN o"kkZesa gqbZ vU/kk/kqU/k o {kksa dh dVkbZ ls vc vusd Jsf.k;k¡ o {k foghu gks xbZ gSa bl çns'k esa m".kdfVcU/kh; ou gSa ftuesa /kksdM k] cjxn] xwyj] [kSj] vke] tkequ] ck¡l] /kkÅ] flfjl] csy]
11jksfgM k vkfn ds o {k ik;s tkrs gSA orZeku esa fljksgh ftys dk vkcw ioZr {ks i;kZIr l?kuouLifr ls ;qDr gSAe nk & dh fofo/krk bl çns'k esa vR;f/kd gSA ;gk¡ Hkwjh&jsrhyh dNkjh feêh vyoj {ks esagS] rks t;iqj&ekyiqjk {ks esa dN Nkkjh feêh gSA yky&ihyh feêh dk {ks vtesj] if'pehHkhyokM k] if'peh mn;iqj vkSj fljksgh gS] tcfd Mwaxjiqj] ckalokM k esa yky ykSeh e nk dhç/kkurk gSA fefJr yky&dkyh e nk ck¡lokM k] fpÙkkSM x ] HkhyokM k vkSj mn;iqj ftyksa dsdqN Hkkxksa esa gSA ioZrh; kyksa ij e nk ux.; gS fdUrq fupys ky rFkk ?kkfV;ksa esa mitkÅfeêh gksus ls Ñf"k dh n f"V ls mÙke gSA blh dkj.k ioZrh; çns'k gksrs gq, Hkh ;gk¡ ds vusd{ks mÙke Ñf"k {ks gSAvkfFkZd çk:iÑf"k & ; fi vjkoyh çns'k dh vf/kdka'k Hkwfe igkM h gS fdUrq fQj Hkh ;gk¡ ds 44 çfr'krHkw&Hkkx ij Ñf"k dh tkrh gSA vjkoyh ioZr ekyk dk foLrkj lhfer gS] Å¡pkbZ de gS rFkkÜk a[kyk;sa vuojr ugh agS vkSj mues vusd ?kkfV;k¡ vkSj ioZrinh; eSnku gSA vyoj] t;iqj]nkSlk {ks esa xsg¡w] puk] cktjk] frygu ,oa nkyksa dh Ñf"k gksrh gSA vtesj esa Tokj] xsg¡w vkSjfrygu rFkk mn;qij] HkhyokM k esa eDdk] xsgw¡] frygu dh ç/kkurk gSA blds lkFk xUuk] tkS]ewaxQyh] rEckdw] ljlksa] puk] dikl vkfn dh Ñf"k Hkh dh tkrh gSA ekgh Mse ds cu tkusls ckalokM k ds foLr r {ks esa xsg¡w] xUuk] dikl] ew¡xQyh vkfn dh [ksrh dh tkrh gSA nf{k.khvjkoyh {ks esa vf/kd o"kkZ gksus ls vusd LFkkuks ij pkoy Hkh mRikfnr gksrk gSA çns'k esaflapkbZ dk eq[; lk/ku dqvka gSA ;gk¡ ty Lrj 10 ls 15 ehVj ds e/; gksrk gSA blh dslkFk uydwiksa dk ç;ksx Hkh gksus yxk gSA ekgh] tk[ke] vkSjkbZ] vM oku flapkbZ ;kstukvksa lsflapkbZ {ks esa i;kZIr o f) gqbZ gSA[kfut lalk/kuksa dh n f"V ls vjkoyh çns'k jktLFkku dk lokZf/kd lEiUu {ks gS D;ksafd ;gçkphu 'kSyksa okyk çns'k gS tks vusd çdkj ds /kkfRod ,oa cgqeYw ; v/kkfRod [kfutksa ls ;qDrgSA jkT; ds orZeku [kfut mRiknuksa dk yxHkx 70 çfr'kr blh çns'k esa gksrkk gSA ;gk¡miyC/k [kfutksa esa lhlk&tLrk] ykSg v;Ld] csfjfy;e] rk¡ck] vHkzd] iUuk] eSaxuht],LcsLVkWl] laxejej] xzsukbV vkfn çeq[k gSA mn;iqj dh tkoj dh [kkusa] jktiqjk&njhck]HkhyokM k dh vxwpk] Mwaxjiqj dh /kq/kjk] ekaMh esa lhlk ,oa tLrk ds Hk.Mkj gSA yksgk eksjhtk]ckuksy] uheyk] Mkcyk&fla?kkyk] uhe dk Fkkuk] ukFkjk dh iky esa miyC/k gSA csjhfy;emn;iqj] t;iqj] HkhyokM k ds iqj esa lhfer ek k esa gSA vHkzd dk fo'kky Hk.Mkj HkhyokM k]vtesj vkSj t;iqj ftyksa esa gSA ,LcsLVkWl mn;iqj] Mwaxjiqj vkSj vtesj ftyksa esa mRikfnrgksrk gSA eSaxuht ckalokM k vkSj mn;iqj esa miyC/k gSA iUuk dkyk xqeku] fgjoh vkSj xksxqUnk
12¼mn;iqj esa½ rFkk csjkbV l vyoj esa gSA lEiw.kZ vjkoyh esa Hkou fuekZ.k gsrq mÙke çdkj dkiRFkj feyrk gS fdUrq ;fn bldh vfu;fU r [kqnkbZ gksrh jgh rks vusd igkfM ;ksa dk vfLrRogh [krjs esa iM tk;sxkA bl çns'k esa miyC/k vU; [kfutksa esa QsYlikj] dk¡p ckywdk] phuhfeêh] MksyksekbV] ;wjsfu;e] rkeM k] pwus dk iRFkj] LysV vkfn gSaA dgk tk ldrk gS fdvjkoyh çns'k [kfutksa dh n f"V ls ,d le ) çns'k gSAm ksxksa dk fodkl bl çns'k esa i;kZIr gqvk gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ vkS ksfxd dPpk eky miyC/k gS]ÅtkZ ty ds lkFk&lkFk foi.ku gsrq cktkj Hkh jkT; essa vkSj jkT; ls ckgj gSA bl çns'k esavusd vkS ksfxd {ks gS ftuesa çeq[k gS& vyoj] fHkokM h] t;iqj] vtesj] HkhyokM k ,oamn;iqjA blds vfrfjDr C;koj] edjkuk] Qqysjk] fd'kux ] fpÙkkSMx ] lkaHkj] lhdj]fuEckgsMk] Hkwiky lkxj vkfn uxj Hkh dfri; m ksxksa gsrq çfl) gSA vyoj {ks esa flUFksfVdQkbcj jlk;u] LVhy] LdwVj] ouLifr rsy] nky fey vkfn fodflr gq,gSA fHkokM h dks jkT;ljdkj us fo'ks"k :i ls vkS ksfxd dsUnz dh LFkkiuk gsrq pquk gSA t;iqj vkS ksfxd {ks esabathfu;fjax] fo qr ;U ] ehVj] fLifuax vkSj ohfoax fey] cky&fc;fjax m ksx vkfn dkfodkl gqvk gSA vtesj esa fgUnqLrku e'khu VwYl] jsyos odZ'kkWi ds vfrfjDr vusd e/;eJs.kh ds m ksx gSA HkhyokM k jkT; dk çeq[k vkS ksfxd dsUnz curk tk jgk gSA ;gk¡ lwrhoL ] gkstjh] flUFksfVd Qkbcj] ouLifr ?kh] nky fey] Åuh oL vkfn ds dkj[kkus gSAfpÙkkSM x vkSj fuEckgsM k esa lhesUV ds dkj[kkus]a Hkwiky lkxj esa phuh fey gSA mn;iqj esavkS ksfxd {ks esa dikl drkbZ] jlk;u fMLVyjh] e'khu m ksx vkfn fodflr gq, gSA nsckjhfLFkr ftad LesYVj u dsoy jkT; vfirq Hkkjr dk ,d çeq[k IykUV gSA Li"V gS fd blçns'k esa vkS ksfxd fodkl rhoz xfr ls gks jgk gS vkSj Hkfo"; esa blds vkSj vf/kd fodflrgksus dh lEHkkouk gSAifjogu dk fodkl vjkoyh çns'k esa vPNk gqvk gSA ; fi ioZrh; çns'k gS fdUrq bldhjkT; esa e/;orhZ fLFkfr ds dkj.k ;gk¡ jsy ,oa lM d ifjogu dh lqfo/kk i;kZIr gSA vyoj]t;iqj] vtesj] HkhyokM k] mn;iqj] C;koj] Qqysjk] nkSlk] Mwaxjiqj] fpÙkkSM x vkfn jsy ekxksZadh lqfo/kk ls ;qDr gSA jkT; dh jkt/kkuh gksus ls t;iqj jsy ekxZ ls nsgyh] cEcbZ]vgenkckn] vkxjk vkSj ns'k ds vU; çeq[k uxjksa rFkk jkT; ds vU; Hkkxksa ls tqM k gSAvtesj u dsoy jsyekxksZa dh lqfo/kk j[krk gS vfirq ;gk¡ dk jsy odZ'kkWi egRoiw.kZ gSA lM difjogu dh ;gk¡ mÙke lqfo/kk gSA bl çns'k ls jk"Vªh; jkt ekxZ ua- 8 t;iqj] vtesj]jktlean] mn;iqj gksrk gqvk xqtjrk gSA jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 11 vkxjk ls nkSlk] t;iqj] lhdjgksrk gqvk chdkusj rd tkrk gSA vU; çeq[k ekxksZa esa vtesj & dksVk] t;iqj & vyoj]t;iqj & dksVk] t;iqj & vtesj & HkhyokM k & fpÙkkSMx & mn;iqj vkfn ds vfrfjDrçR;sd ftys esa lM d ekxksZa dk i;kZIr fodkl gqvk gSA t;iqj vkSj mn;iqj esa fu;fer ok;q
13lsok gSA t;iqj dk gokbZvìk vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dk gSA ;gk¡ ls nsgyh] tks/kiqj] mn;iqj] cEcbZdks fu;fer lsok gSA t;iqj rFkk mn;iqj fons'kh i;Zvdksa ds dsUnz gSAtula[;kvjkoyh çns'k ; fi ioZrh; gS fdUrq ioZrh; foLrkj lhfer pkSM kbZ esa gksus ds dkj.kblesa lEefyr vusd ftysa l?ku tula[;k dks çJ; nsus gSaA bl çns'k esa lokZf/kd tula[;k2011 esa t;iqj ftys dh jgh] tks 66-639yk[k vafdr dh xbZA blds i'pkr vyoj ftys dh36-719 yk[k] vtesj ftys dh 25-849 yk[k] rFkk HkhyokM k ftys dh 24-104 yk[k jghA mlçns'k esa lcls dc tula[;k okyk ftyk o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj izrkix Fkk]ftldh tula[;k 8-68 yk[k vafdr dh xbZAt;iqj ftys esa o"kZ 2011 esa tula[;k ?kuRo 598 jgk] tcfd nkSlk esa 476] vyojftys esa 438 vkSj vtesj ftys esa 305 O;fDr çfroxZ fdyksehVj jgkA fljksgh ftys esa blizns’k dk lcls de tula[;k ?kuRo 202 O;fDr çfr oxZ fdeh- vafdr fd;k x;kAvjkoyh çns'k esa lEefyr dqN ftyksa esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr dh cgqyrk gSA ck¡lokM kvkSj Mw¡xjiqj esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr dh tula[;k dk çfr'kr o"kZ 2001 esa Øe'k% 73-47 ,oa65-84 çfr'kr gS] mn;iqj esa ;g çfr'kr 36-79] fljksgh esa 23-39 vkSj fpÙkkSM x esa 20-28çfr'kr gSA t;iqj bl çns'k dk gh ugha vfirq jktLFkku dk lcls cM k uxj gSA vU; çeq[kuxj vtesj] mn;iqj] vyoj] HkhyokM k] C;koj] nkSlk] fd'kux ] ulhjkckn] ukFk}kjk]çrkix ] Mw¡xjiqj] ck¡lokM k gSAmi;qZDr fooj.k ls Li"V gS fd vjkoyh çns'k jktLFkku dk u dsoy ,d fof'k"VHkkSxksfyd çns'k gS] vfirq ,d vkfFkZd çns'k gSA bl çns'k es a[kfut] vjkoyh çns'k esa fodkldh xfr vPNh jgh gS ogh nf{k.kh vjkoyh dk vkfnoklh çns'k vis{kkÑr de fodflr gqvkgS] ftldh vksj fo'ks"k /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gS ftlls çknsf'kd vlekurk esa deh vkldsAeSnkuh çns'kjktLFkku ds eSnkuh çns'k dks iwohZ eSnku* ds uke ls Hkh iqdkjk tkrk gS D;ksafdvf/kdka'kr% ;g jkT; ds iwohZ Hkkx esa fLFkr gSA iwohZ eSnku] jktLFkku dk ,d fof'k"VHkkSxksfyd çns'k gSa blesa /kkSyiqj ,oa lokbZ ek/kksiqj ds vfrfjDr Vksad ftysa lfEefyr gSaA ;glEiw.kZ çns'k ufn;ksa }kjk fufeZr eSnkuh Hkkx gS blesa cukl csflu] ;equkUrj.k çns'k ,oamÙkjh pEcy csflu lfEefyr gSAçkÑfrd Lo:i
14bl çns'k dk Hkw&vkÑfrd Lo:i fofo/krk ls ;qDr gSA çns'k dk mÙkjh Hkkx esatyks e nk gS] bl ij dqN flLV vkSj DokVZtkbV dh ,dkdh igkfM ;k¡ fLFkr gSA nf{k.kh iwoZesa ls.MkLVksu gS tks vij foU/;u lewg dk gSA cukl csflu tyks e nk ls ;qDr gS] lkFk ghnsgyh Øe dh 'kSy Vksad ds fudV dh igkfM ;ksa ds :i esa gSaA lokbZ ek/kksiqj {ks esaçh&vjkoyh foU/;u dh ijrnkj 'kSyksa dh ç/kkurk gSA/kjkryh; n f"V ls ; fi ;g eSnkuh çns'k gS fdUrq lokbZ ek/kksiqj vkSj /kkSyiqj ds {ks esa uhph igkfM ;k¡ gSaA mÙkjh ,oa e/; Hkjriqj ftyk mitkÅ eSnku gS tks ;equk ds eSnku dkif'peksÙkj Hkkx gS rFkk mitkÅ tyks feêh ls ;qDr gSA blds nf{k.k Hkkx esa vfu;ferigkfM ;k¡ gSa ftUgsa Mk¡x* ¼Dang½ dgrs gSA /kkSyiqj uxj ds n-i- esa igkfM;k¡ foLr r gaSAHkjriqj ds iwoZ esa Hkh e.Mgksyh uke dh igkM h gS] bldh vf/kdre Å¡pkbZ 216 ehVj gSAcukl csflu lery eSnkuh Hkkx gSA blds lhekorhZ {ks esa igkfM ;k¡ gSaA djkSyh {ks esa igkfM ;k¡ Å¡ph rFkk l?ku gS rFkk dVk&QVk çns'k gSA /kkSyiqj ,oa lokbZ ek/kkSiqj ds pEcyunh ds lgkjs dk {ks vR;f/kd dVko ls chgM* ds :i esa gSA lokbZ ek/kkSiqj esa j.kFkEHkkSjfdyk ,d igkM h ij fLFkr gS ftldh Å¡pkbZ leqnz ry ls 505 ehVj gSAbl çns'k esa çokfgr ufn;ksa esa çeq[k gSa&pEcy] ck.kxaxk] xEHkhj] :ikjsy] ikoZrh]cukl] eksjys ] ek'kh vkSj lksgknkjkA bu lHkh ufn;ksa ,oa budh lgk;d ufn;ksa ls ;g lEiw.kZçns'k unh fufeZr eSnku ds :i esa gSAtyok;q dh n f"V ls ;g çns'k m".k&vknzZ gSA jkT; ds iwoksZÙkj çns'k esa gksus ds dkj.k ;gçns'k i;kZIr o"kkZ çkIr djrk gSA ;gk¡ dk okf"kZd o"kkZ dk vkSlr 65lseh- gS] tks çfro"kZifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA lEiw.kZ o"kkZ dk 90 çfr'kr tqykbZ ls flrEcj ds e/; gksrk gSAdHkh&dHkh yxkrkj dbZ fnuksa rd o"kkZ gksrh jgrh gSA xzh"edky esa vf/kdre rkieku 470 lsxzs- vkSj U;wure 250 ls-xzs- jgrk gSA tcfd 'khrdky esa U;wure rkieku 40 ls 80 ls-xzs- rdgks tkrk gSA lkekU;r;k bl çns'k dh tyok;q le gS] xzh"e dky es a/kwy Hkjh vkaf/k;k¡]o"kkZdky esa ewlyk/kkj o"kkZ vkSj 'khrdky lkekU; gksrk gSAçkÑfrd ouLifr esa ;gk¡ ir M okys ouksa dh ç/kkurk gS] ftlesa kd vkSj [kSj dh ç/kkurkgksrh gSA çns'k ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa tgk¡ pEcy ds chgM gSa ogk¡ kfM ;k¡] ?kkl vkSj fNrjh gqbZouLifr gSA Vksad {ks esa rsanw] egqvk] xwyj] dkjk] [ksj] ccwy] csj] vke] /kksdM k dh ç/kkurkgSA lokbZ ek/kksiqj {ks esa Hkh ouksa dk i;kZIr foLrkj gSA;gk¡ rsna w] f[kjuh] xqtZu] ckal] [kstM k] [ksj] fgaxksV v
fo}ku ;g Lohdkj djrs gsa fd tgk¡ vkt e:LFky gS ogk¡ iwoZ esa mitkÅ ou vkPNkfnr vknzZ çns'k Fkk tks dkykUrj esa HkwxkfHkZd ifjoruksa ls 'kq"d e: Hkwfe esa ifjofrZr gks x;kA HkwxfHkZd çek.k Li"V n'kkZ
