Transcription
Introduction to LawSixth EditionJoanne Banker HamesDeAnza Community CollegeYvonne EkernSanta Clara University, School of Law330 Hudson Street, NY, NY 10013A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 111/9/17 4:31 AM
Vice President, Portfolio Management: Andrew GilfillanPortfolio Manager: Gary BauerEditorial Assistant: Lynda CramerField Marketing Manager: Bob NisbetProduct Marketing Manager: Heather TaylorDirector, Digital Studio and Content Production: Brian HylandManaging Producer: Cynthia ZonneveldManaging Producer: Jennifer SargunarContent Producer: Rinki KaurManager, Rights Management: Johanna BurkeOperations Specialist: Deidra SmithCreative Digital Lead: Mary SienerManaging Producer, Digital Studio: Autumn BensonContent Producer, Digital Studio: Maura BarclayFull-Service Management and Composition: Integra SoftwareServices Pvt. Ltd.Full-Service Project Manager: Vigneswaran BalachandranCover Designer: StudioMontageCover Art (or Cover Photo): FabrikaSimf/ShutterstockPrinter/Binder: LSC Communications, Inc.Cover Printer: Phoenix Color/HagerstownText Font: Times LT Pro RomanCopyright 2019, 2015, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America.This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in aretrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For informationregarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, pleasevisit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.Acknowledgments of third-party content appear on the appropriate page within the text.PEARSON and ALWAYS LEARNING are exclusive trademarks owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries.Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners,and any references to third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references arenot intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationshipbetween the owner and Pearson Education, Inc., authors, licensees, or distributors.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Hames, Joanne Banker, author. Ekern, Yvonne, author.Title: Introduction to law / Joanne Banker Hames, Deanza Community College;Yvonne Ekern, Santa Clara University, School of Law.Description: Sixth edition. Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.,[2017]Identifiers: LCCN 2017048512 ISBN 9780134868240 ISBN 0134868242Subjects: LCSH: Law—United States.Classification: LCC KF386 .H259 2017 DDC 349.73—dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/20170485121 17ISBN-10:0-13-486824-2ISBN-13: 978-0-13-486824-0A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 211/9/17 4:31 AM
Brief ContentsPreface xxAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorsxxivxxvPART ONETHE LEGAL SYSTEMCHAPTER 1Introduction to LawCHAPTER 2The U.S. Legal SystemCHAPTER 3The Courts and Legal PersonnelCHAPTER 4Finding the Law: Legal ResearchCHAPTER 5Using the Law: Analysis and Legal Writing 981164170PART TWO LEGAL PRINCIPLESCHAPTER 6Constitutional Law & Civil Rights125CHAPTER 7Tort LawCHAPTER 8Family LawCHAPTER 9Estate Planning: Wills, Trusts, and Probate 240CHAPTER 10Contract Law265CHAPTER 11Property Law295CHAPTER 12The Business Environment: Agency, Employment, Business Organizations,and Bankruptcy Laws 323CHAPTER 13Civil Procedure Before Trial 355CHAPTER 14Criminal Practice: Criminal Law and Juvenile Law 395CHAPTER 15Criminal Procedure Before TrialCHAPTER 16Rules of Evidence 469169210424iiiA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 311/9/17 4:31 AM
ivPrefaceCHAPTER 17The TrialCHAPTER 18Alternative Dispute ResolutionAppendix ILaw-Related Careers, the Paralegal Profession,and the Law Office 522Appendix IIMock TrialAppendix IIILegal Citation 545GlossaryIndexA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 448750653955356311/9/17 4:31 AM
ContentsCase File: The Richfield MattersPreface xxAcknowledgments xxivAbout the Authors xxv2–12–2Introduction 17Federalism—The Relationship BetweenFederal and State Government 17Powers of the Federal Government 17PART ONEPowers of the State GovernmentTHE LEGAL SYSTEMConflicts Between Federal and State Law—The Supremacy Clause 23Introduction to LawChapter Objectives1The Supremacy Clause and the Bill of Rights 252–31Case File: Centerville News: March 1011–1Introduction 21–2What Law Is 2Historical Origins 3Philosophical TheoriesJudicial BranchCriminal and Civil Laws45512What Should the Lawyer Do?1213A Global PerspectiveChapter SummaryQuestions for Review30 30StateCase Law 3136The legislative process—The federalgovernment 36 The legislative process—Stategovernments 37 Publication of statutorylaw 37 Administrative regulations 381314Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsThe federal constitutionconstitutions 31Statutory Law1313Terms to Remember2–5Sources of U.S. LawConstitutional Law 30Case law—The factual controversy 31 Caselaw—Interpretation of constitutional and statutorylaw 32 Case law—The power to invalidatestatutory law 33 Case law—Stare decisis today 351212Featured Website27State Governments and the LegalSystem 28Local Governments 28Substantive criminal and civil laws 5 Criminaland civil procedures 6 Court procedures 8Technology Corner262–43Substantive and Procedural LawsEthical ConcernsThe Federal Government and the LegalSystem 26Executive Branch 26Legislative Branch1–3Categories of LawSource of Law 4Skills Assessment22Exclusive and Concurrent Powers of Federaland State Governments 22CHAPTER 1Sites of Interest161414Ethical Concerns 38What Should the Lawyer Do?Technology Corner15Sites of Interest383838Featured Website 39CHAPTER 2A Global PerspectiveThe U.S. Legal SystemChapter Objectives1616Chapter Summary3939Terms To RememberQuestions for Review3939vA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 511/9/17 4:31 AM
viContentsApplication and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment40Confidentialityof interest 59accounts 60 parties 60 404059 Competency 59 Conflict Attorney fees and trust Communication with opposingAdvertising 60Legal Ethics: ParalegalsCHAPTER 3The Courts and Legal PersonnelChapter Objectives41Case File: Eberhardt MatterFederal District Courts41 Structure46 45State Court Judges68Assignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment68696950CHAPTER 451Finding the Law: Legal Research51Chapter Objectives7070Case File: The Welch Family Law Matter52704–1Introduction To Legal Research UsingPrint Resources 714–2Before You Begin 71Know the Facts 7153Law Office AdministratorsLegal Support Staff53Agency Personnel5453Administrative Hearing RepresentativesThe Criminal Justice FieldProfessional Organizations54553–4Ethics and Professional ConductJudicial Ethics: Judges and JudicialEmployees 56Legal Ethics: Lawyers58Analyze the Facts71Identify the Issues72Use the Relevant Facts to Define theIssues 7255American Bar Association (ABA) 55 State barassociations 55 Local bar associations 56 American Association for Justice (formerly known asAmerican Trial Lawyers Association or “ATLA”) 56 National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) 56 National Federation of Paralegal Associations(NFPA) 56 American Association for ParalegalEducation (AAFPE) 56A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 667Application and Analysis Problems47493–3The Legal CommunityCourt Personnel 52Paralegals67Questions for Review46503–2The JudiciaryFederal Judges 5067The Global Perspective 67Chapter Summary 67Terms To Remember 6845The Courts and TechnologyLawyersTechnology Corner45Function and jurisdictionState Court Systems66Sites of InterestFunction and jurisdictionThe U.S. Supreme CourtBusiness EthicsFeatured Website 67Structure 42 Function andjurisdiction 42 Special trial courts454242Federal Appellate CourtsEthical Concerns for Criminal Justice Professionals 64Ethical Concerns 67What Should the Lawyer Do?3–1The Courts and Their RolesThe Federal Court System 42Structure416056Sort the Facts734–3Where to Begin the ResearchDictionaries 73EncyclopediasForm Books7474Legal PeriodicalsTreatisesDigests737478784–4Case Law 78What Is a Case? 7811/9/17 4:31 AM
viiContentsWhere to Find Case LawFederal Case Law5–2An Approach to a Legal Research,Analysis, and Writing Project 99Overview 997979State Case Law 80How to Read and Use Case Law804–5STATUTORY LAW 85Using Statutory Law 86Preparing a First Draft5–3Basic Legal WritingUse Topic Sentences 101Use Active VoiceEthical Concerns 86What Should the Lawyer Do?99101101Avoid Noise Words 10286Introduction to Computer-AssistedLegal Research (CALR) 87Subscription-Based Websites 87Use Front-Loaded SentencesLexis Advance and WestlawLaw 885–4Beginning the Writing ProcessInitial Considerations 1034–687 Free Internet Legal ResearchBloomberg89Government Websites (.gov) 89 Law SchoolWebsites (.edu) 91 Commercial Websites(.com) 91 Organizational Websites (.org) 92Preparing to Search OnlineOnline Search Methods92The Global Perspective1071081091101149697Assignments and Projects117Format 117 Using Id.quotations 118Application and Analysis ProblemsSkills AssessmentCiting Authorities9696Questions for ReviewThe Thesis Paragraph104Statement of facts 117 Issue statement 117 Discussion/analysis 117 Conclusion 11796Terms to RememberParagraphs in General5–6The Legal Memorandum 116Writing a Legal Memorandum 1169596Chapter Summary103Outline the Document Before YouWrite 103How to Write a Case Brief96Featured Website1025–5The Case Brief 110The Components of a Case BriefTerms and Connectors (BooleanSearching) 93Sites of InterestKeep sentences shortEditing and Revision ProcessNatural Language/KeywordSearching 93Technology Corner102Sentences and Paragraphs93Additional Search FeaturesUse Short Sentences102979797118 Using5–7Persuasive Writing 121Ethical Concerns 122What Should the Lawyer Do? 122Technology CornerSites of Interest123123Featured Website 123CHAPTER 5A Global PerspectiveUsing the Law: Analysis and LegalWriting 98Terms to RememberChapter Objectives98Chapter Summary123123Questions for Review123124Case File: The Holmes Middle School Law Matter 98Application and Analysis Problems5–1Skills AssessmentIntroductionA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 799Assignments and Projects12412412411/9/17 4:31 AM
viiiContentsPART TWO6–7Taxing Power and Universal HealthCoverage 164Ethical Concerns 166What Should the Lawyer Do? 166LEGAL PRINCIPLESTechnology CornerCHAPTER 6Constitutional Law & Civil RightsChapter Objectives125125Sites of Interest166166Featured Website 166A Global PerspectiveCase File: Students of Thornton County SchoolDistrict 125Chapter Summary6–16–2Questions for ReviewIntroduction 126Constitutional Principlesof U.S. Government 126Separation of Powers/Checksand Balances 126The Power of Judicial Review166167Terms to Remember167168Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment168168168127Case and Controversy: The Standing Issue1286–3The Bill of Rights 131Incorporation Doctrine 131CHAPTER 7Tort Law169First Amendment 132Chapter ObjectivesThe First Amendment and Freedomof Religion 132Case File: The Greenly Personal Injury CaseSchool Speech135141Political Speech—Citizen’s United Case143The Second Amendment Right to BearArms 144Rights of Criminal DefendantsMiscellaneous Rights1451486–4Civil Rights and Discrimination 148Equal Protection Clause of Amendment 14 149Civil Rights and the Interstate CommerceClause 1526–5Voting Rights and CampaignFinancing 154Apportionment: One Man–One Vote 155Voting Methods1586–6Privacy and the Due ProcessClause 159Privacy and Sex 159Privacy and the Right to ChoosePrivacy and Medical TreatmentA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 81621631697–1Introduction 1707–2Tort Law in General 1707–3Intentional Torts 170Assault and Battery 171The First Amendment and Freedomof Speech 135Injurious Speech169Defenses172False Imprisonment and False ArrestDefenses174Defamation: Libel and SlanderDefenses175176Invasion of PrivacyDefenses173176177Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress179Malicious Prosecution and Abuseof Process 181Economic Torts181Trespass and Conversion183Intellectual Property InfringementFraud183184Defenses to Intentional Torts1847–4Negligence 185Negligence in General 185Duty of Due Care18611/9/17 4:31 AM
ixContentsBreach of the Duty of Due Care187Actual Cause 187Proximate CauseDamages188190Types of Negligence Actions191Automobile accidents 191 Liability ofLandowners 191 Professional negligence 191 Negligent infliction of emotional distress 192 Defective products 192 Loss of consortium 192Defenses to Negligence192Contributory negligence 192 Comparativenegligence 192 Assumption of therisk 192 Immunity 193Gross Negligence1947–5Strict Liability 195Dangerous Animals 195Abnormally Dangerous ActivitiesDefective Products195196Damages for Tort Liability 197Liability for Torts of Another 201Personal Injury Practice 201Tort Reform 202Workers’ Compensation 202Environmental Law and ToxicTorts 2037–12Civil Rights Violations 203Ethical Concerns 205What Should the Lawyer Do? 205Sites of Interest205A Global PerspectiveQuestions for Review2052158–4Child Custody8–5Support 218Child Support 218Spousal Support2228–6Property Concerns 222Value and Division of Property 224Motions and Orders2242282288–8Settlement and Trial 229Ethical Concerns 229What Should the Lawyer Do? 2298–9Family Law Matters and Unmarried Parties 2298–10The Changing Face of FamilyLaw 231Technology Corner 238Sites of Interest238Featured Website 238A Global Perspective238238238239Skills Assessment239239239206209208207CHAPTER 9Estate Planning: Wills, Trusts,and Probate 240Chapter ObjectivesCHAPTER 8240Case File: Holmes v. Holmes210Chapter Objectives215Assignments and Projects206Assignments and ProjectsA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 9Legal Separation210215Application and Analysis ProblemsApplication and Analysis ProblemsFamily LawDivorce/DissolutionQuestions for Review206Terms to RememberSkills Assessment214Terms to Remember205Chapter SummaryNullityChapter Summary205Featured WebsiteIntroduction 211Prenuptial Agreements 211Terminating a Marriage logy Corner8–18–28–38–7Family Law Court ProceedingsThe Pleadings 224196Defenses to Strict LiabilityCase File: The Holmes Family Law Matter2109–19–2IntroductionWills 24124024111/9/17 4:31 AM
xContentsPreparation of a Will242The opening clauses 242 Bequests ofproperty 242 Appointment of fiduciaries The closing 243Changing the Will243243Where There Is No Will9–3Trusts 251What Is a Trust? 251Types of Trusts2519–4Probate 254Ethical Concerns 255What Should the Lawyer Do?273274274Other Issues Affecting Enforceabilityof Contracts 274Statute of Frauds 274263Parol Evidence Rule264264Application and Analysis Problems27310–6Chapter Summary 263Skills AssessmentIllusory ConsiderationLegal Subject Matter263Assignments and Projects264264264276Implied-in-law Contracts (Quasi Contract)277Promissory Estoppel/Detrimental Reliance27710–7Performance of ContractsConditions and Covenants 279265Material v. Minor Breach265Case File: The Kersch MatterAnticipatory Breach26510–110–2Introduction to Contract Law 266Formation of Contracts UnderCommon-Law Principles 26610–3Mutual Consent 267The Offer 267Inquiries vs. offers 267 Communicationto offeree 267 Essential terms 267 Revoking the offer 267 Advertisements 268 Auctions 268The Acceptance 268A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 1028110–8Breach of Contract and Remedies 282Breach 282CHAPTER 10Chapter Objectives278Excuse of Conditions and Discharge of Duties:Impossibility and Impracticability 279Third Party Contract RightsContract Law272Capable Parties and LegalSubject Matter 274Capable Parties 274263Questions for Review 10–5254Inheritance and the Rightof Publicity 255Technology Corner 263Terms to RememberNominal ConsiderationOptions9–5A Global Perspective269Past Consideration and Preexisting DutyRule 273Express trusts 254 Living trusts 254 Testamentary trusts 254 Implied trusts 254Featured Website26910–4Consideration 272Bilateral v. Unilateral Contracts254Sites of InterestReality of ConsentDuress, undue influence, and fraudMistake 269243How to Create a TrustMethod of acceptance 268 Timeliness 268 Mirror image rule 268 Mailbox rule 269 Counteroffer 269 Acceptance and unilateralcontracts 269RemediesDamages282282283283 Specific performanceRescission and RestitutionAccord and Satisfaction28328328810–9The Uniform Commercial Code(U.C.C.) 28910–10 Consumer Legislation 292Technology Corner 292Sites of Interest292Featured Website 29211/9/17 4:31 AM
xiContentsA Global PerspectiveChapter Summary292Patent ProtectionWhat Is Not Protected293Terms to RememberObtaining a Patent293Questions for Review309311Length of Patent Protection293Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment309Patent Infringement and Patent Trolls293294313Federal Trademark RegistrationCHAPTER 11State Protection295Chapter Objectives29529511–111–2Introduction to Property LawReal Property: OwnershipInterests 296How Title Is Held 296296Transfer of OwnershipSites of Interest320320Featured Website 320A Global Perspective298Chapter Summary29811–3Real Property: Limited InterestsEasement & License 299299300Questions for ReviewLand Use and GovernmentTaking 30011–5Landlord/Tenant Law 30111–6Litigation and Property Law11–7Personal Property 302Ownership 303321321Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills AssessmentTenants’ Rights 300321321Terms to RememberAdverse Possession 299Mortgage/Deed of Trust31611–12 Trade Secret Law 319Ethical Concerns 320What Should the Lawyer Do? 320Technology CornerEstates in Land 297Deeds and Recording313314Length of Trademark ProtectionCase File: The Gallegos Matter31211–11 Trademark Law 312Trademark Protection 312294What Is Not ProtectedProperty Law31232232232211–4GiftsCHAPTER 12302The Business Environment: Agency, Employment, Business Organizations,and Bankruptcy Laws 323Chapter Objectives303323Introduction to Intellectual PropertyLaw 30511–9Copyright Law 305Copyright Protection 305Case File: The Hoppat’s Business MatterClaiming a CopyrightRespondeat Superior11–8306Length of Copyright ProtectionWhat Is Not ProtectedLicense AgreementsFair Use Doctrine30630730711–10 Patent Law 309A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 1130612–1Introduction 32412–2The Law of Agency 324Agents vs. Independent Contractors323324325Agents Acting with Actual or Ostensible Authority 32612–3Employment Law Issues 328Creating the Employer–Employee Relationship 32811/9/17 4:31 AM
xiiContents13–1Introduction to Civil Litigation 35613–2Cause of Action and Remedies 35613–3Jurisdiction 359Subject Matter Jurisdiction 360Rights and Obligations of Employersand Employees 329Terminating the EmploymentRelationship 329Employment Law and the Government330Federal court jurisdictionjurisdiction 36312–4Introduction to BusinessOrganizations 33012–5Sole Proprietorships 33012–6General Partnerships 33112–7Limited Partnerships 33212–8Corporations 334Business Corporations 334Professional CorporationsPersonal JurisdictionSecurity RegulationsFederal regulationThe Summons 371337337 State rulesSarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002Corporate Practice33734034034012–9Limited Liability Partnerships 34412–10 Limited Liability Companies 34412–11 Bankruptcy Law 344Ethical Concerns 351What Should the Lawyer Do?Technology CornerSites of Interest351Chapter SummaryQuestions for ReviewDepositions353353354388Pretrial Conferences andSettlement 391Technology CornerSites of Interest392392392Featured Website 392354A global perspectiveCHAPTER 13355355Case File: Martinez v. Rambeaux and the Cityof Centerville 355392393Terms to RememberCivil Procedure Before Trial388388Chapter SummaryA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 12387387Ethical Concerns 392What Should the Lawyer Do?352Assignments and ProjectsChapter Objectives387Requests to Produce or Inspect13–9352Application and Analysis ProblemsSkills AssessmentRequests for AdmissionsElectronic Discovery (e-Discovery)352Terms to Remember38013–6Class Actions 38013–7Pretrial Motions 38113–8Discovery 386Interrogatories 386Disclosure352A Global PerspectiveMotions and DemurrersRequests for Medical Examination351351Featured WebsiteDefaults 371 Service of process 376 Whocan serve 377 Date of service 377 Proof ofservice 377The Answer 37733833836313–4Venue 36813–5Pleadings 368The Complaint 369337Piercing the Corporate VeilState courtIn Rem Jurisdiction and Quasi in RemJurisdiction 367Close Corporations vs. Public CorporationsNonprofit Corporations360 Questions for Review393393Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment39339439411/9/17 4:31 AM
xiiiContentsCHAPTER 14Questions for ReviewCriminal Practice: Criminal Lawand Juvenile Law 395Application and Analysis ProblemsChapter ObjectivesSection I: Criminal Law 39614–1Introduction to CriminalPractice 39614–2Purposes of Criminal LawDeterrence 397RehabilitationSkills Assessment423423CHAPTER 15Criminal Procedure Before Trial397Chapter Objectives397Elements of a Crime: Mens Rea andActus Reus 397Mens Rea 397398Introduction to Criminal Procedure 42515–2The Constitution and the CriminalSuspect 425Due Process 425Search and SeizureProbable Cause425430A Knowing Act 398The Warrant RequirementA Reckless Act 398Exceptions to the Warrant RequirementA Negligent ActThe Exclusionary Rule398398ArrestConcurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea14–4CrimesHomicide 406409Assault41014–543415–3Interrogations and ConfessionsRight to Counsel 445406The Arrest410413447413Formal Discovery463Pretrial MotionsSites of InterestFeatured Website 467Chapter Summary 422Terms to Remember 422A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 13463Ethical Concerns 464What Should the Lawyer Do?464Technology Corner 467Sites of Interest 467A Global Perspective421461462Section II: Juvenile Law 41414–6Introduction to Juvenile Law 41414–7The Juvenile Court 41414–8Prosecution of Juvenile Offenders 415Technology Corner 421A Global Perspective461The Preliminary HearingFormal ChargesDefenses to Criminal Charges421445447The Initial AppearanceFeatured Website433434The Complaint42143315–4Pretrial Activities 447Discovery and Investigation 447Kidnapping and False ImprisonmentBurglary402405Ethical Concerns 406What Should the Lawyer Do?Battery42415–114–3Actus Reus424424Case File: The Darwood Criminal Matter397A Purposeful Act422395397IncapacitationRetributionAssignments and Projects395Case File: The Simmons Criminal Matter422Chapter Summary467467Terms to RememberQuestions for Review46746811/9/17 4:31 AM
xivContentsApplication and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment17–2Roles of Trial Participants17–3Pretrial Motions 48817–4Jury Selection 490Jury Questionnaire 491468468468Voir DireCHAPTER 16469Case File: The Rutherford MatterExamination of Witnesses469471Actual evidence 471 DocumentaryEvidence 472 Demonstrative evidenceStipulated FactsJudicial Notice475476476Circumstantial Evidence476Sites of Interest478504Chapter Summary504505Terms to Remember505Questions for Review505Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment484A Global Perspective504504A Global Perspective484484505505505Chapter Summary 485CHAPTER 18Terms to RememberAlternative Dispute ResolutionQuestions for Review485485Application and Analysis ProblemsAssignments and ProjectsSkills Assessment485486486The Trial487Chapter ObjectivesIntroductionA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 14506Case File: The Graham AutomobileAccident 506The Federal Arbitration Act487Case File: The Ace Auto Repair Matter17–1Chapter Objectives50618–1Introduction 50718–2Binding ADR vs. Nonbinding ADR18–3Negotiation 50818–4Arbitration 508Statutory Regulation of Arbitration 508CHAPTER 17488487501504Featured Website484Featured WebsitePlaintiff’s Rebuttal Case 498Closing Arguments 498Judge’s Instructions to the JuryJury Deliberations and the Verdict 503Ethical Concerns 504Technology Corner16–4Relevancy 47816–5Impeachment 47916–6Hearsay 480Ethical Concerns 481What Should the Lawyer Do? 481Sites of Interest17–817–917–1017–11What Should the Lawyer Do?16–3Types of EvidenceDirect Evidence 476Technology Corner49717–7Defendant’s Case 497Examination of Witnesses 49716–1Introduction 47016–2What Is Evidence? 470Testimony of a Witness 470Exhibits49317–5Opening Statements 49517–6Plaintiff’s Case in Chief 497Burden of Proof 497Rules of Evidence 469Chapter Objectives488The Arbitration Process18–5Mediation50750950951311/9/17 4:31 AM
Contents18–6Mini-Trials, Summary Trials, and EarlyNeutral Evaluation 51418–7Court-Related ADR 51418–8Private Judges 51418–9Special Masters and DiscoveryReferees 51618–10 Arbitrators, Mediators, and OtherNeutrals 51618–11 ADR and Criminal Law 518Questions for ReviewRestorative JusticeAppendix II519Ethical Concerns 519What Should the Lawyer Do?Technology CornerSites of Interest520520Featured WebsiteChapter Summary521521521Appendix ILaw-Related Careers, the ParalegalProfession, and the Law Office 522Mock Trial539Appendix III545520520Terms to Remember 520A01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 15Assignments and ProjectsLegal Citation520A Global Perspective519521Application and Analysis ProblemsSkills AssessmentxvGlossaryIndex55356311/9/17 4:31 AM
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Table of CasesCHAPTER 1CHAPTER 4Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker, 554 U.S. 471(2008) 4In re Marriage of Modnick, 33 Cal. 3d 897(1983) 84Maples v. Thomas, 565 U.S 266 (2012)7Marshall v. Marshall, 547 U.S. 293 (2006)7CHAPTER 5Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005) 10CHAPTER 2Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)18National Federation of Business v. Sebelius, 567U.S. 519 (2012) 20Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963)112Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963)115United States v. Tarpley, 945 F.2d 806(1991) 120Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) 24CHAPTER 6Zivotofsky v. Kerry, 135 S. Ct. 2076, 192 L. Ed. 2d 83(2015) 27Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803)United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995)20United States v. Oakland Cannabis BuyersCooperative, 532 U.S. 483 (2001) 23PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 532 U.S. 661 (2001)Hollingsworth v. Perry, 570 U.S. ,133 S. Ct. 2652(2013) 129Holt v. Hobbs,135 S. Ct. 853 (2015)133Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003)Heath v. Alabama, 474 U.S. 82 (1985) 2933127136New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254(1964) 137District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570(2008) 33Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 535 U.S. 234(2002) 138Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1 (1985)Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U.S. 443 (2011)34Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 132 S. Ct.2492 (2012) 34United States v. Alvarez, 567 U.S. 709(2012) 140Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33 (1996)Morse v. Frederick, 551 U.S. 393 (2007)35State v. Robinette, 80 Ohio St. 3d 234 (1997)35139142Citizens United v. FEC, 558 U.S. 310 (2010)143CHAPTER 3Utah v. Strieff, 579 U.S. , 136 S. Ct. 2056(2016) 145The Florida Bar v. Furman, 376 So. 2d 378(1979) 62Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483(1954) 150Richlin Security Service Company v. Chertoff, 553U.S. 571 (2008) 63PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 532 U.S. 661(2001) 153Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) 65Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. , 133 S. Ct.2612 (2013) 155Philip Morris USA v. Williams, 549 U.S. 346(2007) 47Phoenix Founders, Inc. v. McClellan, 887 S.W.2d831, 38 Tex. Sup. J. 12 (1994) 61Cooper v. Harris, 137 S. Ct. 1455 (2017)157Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479(1965) 159xviiA01 HAME8240 06 SE FM.indd 1711/9/17 4:31 AM
xviiiTable of CasesLawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003)Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)161162United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. , 133 S. Ct.2675 (2013) 234Supreme Court of the United States, 570 U.S. ,133 S. Ct. 2675 (2013) 234CHAPTER 7Abbott v. Abbott, 560 U.S. 1 (2010)Moreno v. Hanford Sentinel, Inc., 172 Cal. App.4th 1125, 91 Cal. Rptr. 3d 858 (2009) 177CHAPTER 9Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 248 N.Y. 339,162 N.E. 99 (1928) 188Hicks v. Casablanca Records, 464 F. Supp. 426(1978) 255Baum v. New York Central Railroad, 12 Misc. 2d622, 175 N.Y.S. 2d 628 (1958) 193Koffman v. Garnett, 265 Va. 12, 574 S.E.2d 258(2003) 194Burnett v. National Enquirer, Inc., 144 Cal. App. 3d991, 193 Cal. Rptr. 206 (1983) 197New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254(1964) 176Catsouras v. Department of California HighwayPatrol, 181 Cal. App. 4th 856, 104 Cal. Rptr. 3d352 (2010) 180Hustler Magazine and Larry C. Flynt v. JerryFalwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988) 180McCollum v. CBS, Inc., 202 Cal. App. 3d 989, 249Cal. Rptr. 187 (1988) 186Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 248 N.Y. 339,162 N.E. 99 (1928) 188BMW of North America Inc. v. Gore, 517 U.S. 559(1996) 200State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Campbell, 538U.S. 408 (2003) 200Philip Morris USA v. Williams, 549 U.S. 346(2007) 200Plumhoff v. Richard, 572 U.S. , 134 S. Ct. 2012(2014) 203Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & Sch.v. EEOC, 565 U.S. 171 (2012) 204CHAPTER 8In re Marriage of Bonds, 24 Cal. 4th 1, 99 Cal.Rptr. 2d 252, 5 P.3d 815 (2000) 212236Frosch v. Grosset & Dunlap, Inc., 75 A.2d 768, 427N.Y.2d 828 (1980) 259Groucho Marx Productions, Inc. v. Day andNight Company, 523 F. Supp. 485 (S.D.N.Y.1981) 260Cutler v. Cutler, 994 So. 2d 341 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App.2008) 254CHAPTER 10Donovan v. RRL Corp., 26 Cal. 4th 261, 27 P. 3d702 (2001) 270Alabama Football, Inc. v. Wright, 452 F. Supp. 182,(N.D. Tex. 1977) 280Sateriale v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 697F.3d 777 (9th Cir. 2012) 284Keith v. Buchannan, 173 Cal. App. 3d 13, 220 Cal.Rptr. 392 (1985) 291CHAPTER 11Clippard v. Pfefferkorn, 168 S.W.3d 616 (Mo. Ct.App. 2005) 303Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569(1994) 308Association for Molecular Pathology v. MyriadGenetics, Inc., 569 U.S. , 133 S. Ct. 2107(2013) 310Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., 746F.2d 112 (2d
iii Brief Contents Preface xx Acknowledgments xxiv About the Authors xxv PART ONE THE LEGAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Law 1 CHAPTER 2 The U.S. Legal System 16 CHAPTER 3 The Courts and Legal Personnel 41 CHAPTER 4 Finding the Law: Legal Research 70 CHAPTER 5 Usin
