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xContentsPart 6Impressionism and theEarly Twentieth Century283Timeline: Impressionism and Early 20th CenturyPRELUDE 6 Modernism in the Arts284The Reaction against Romanticism Expressionism NeoclassicismCHAPTER 34 Impressionism and Post-Impressionism288HTTN 10: The Paris World Exhibition of 1889: A Cultural Awakening LG 40DEBUSSY: Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun” LISTENING ACTIVITY:Music at the 1889 World’s FairCHAPTER 35 Early Modern Musical Style295The New Rhythmic Complexity The New Melody The New Harmony Orchestration New Conceptions of Form LISTENING ACTIVITY: PreviewingEarly-20th-Century StylesCHAPTER 36 Music of the Early Modernists300Stravinsky and the Revitalization of Rhythm LG 41 STRAVINSKY: TheRite of Spring Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School LG 42SCHOENBERG: Pierrot lunaire Berg and Early-Twentieth-Century Opera LG 43 BERG: WozzeckCHAPTER 37 European National Schools313Béla Bartók and the Eastern European Tradition LG 44 BARTÓK: Concerto forOrchestra HTTN 11: Bartók—A Folk-Song Collector The German ComposerCarl Orff LG 45 ORFF: Carmina buranaCHAPTER 38 American Modernism in Music321MEET THE PERFORMERS: The United States Marine Band The ModernistCharles Ives and New England Culture LG 46 IVES: Country Band MarchCHAPTER 39 Nationalism in the AmericasWilliam Grant Still: African-American Composer LG 47 STILL: Suite forViolin and Piano Aaron Copland: American Nationalist LG 48 COPLAND:Appalachian Spring MEET THE PERFORMERS: Martha Graham Art MusicTraditions in Mexico Silvestre Revueltas: Mexican Nationalist LG 49REVUELTAS: Homage to Federico García Lorca Music from the MariachiTradition HTTN 12: Preserving Mexico’s Musical Traditions LISTENINGACTIVITY: The Sounds of the Mariachi Tradition LISTENING ACTIVITY:Comparing Styles 6 Early to Later Twentieth-Century326

ContentsPart 7 Music beyondthe Concert Hall341Timeline: Music beyond the Concert HallPRELUDE 7 The Rise of American Popular Styles342CHAPTER 40 Ragtime, Blues, and Jazz346Scott Joplin and Ragtime LG 50 JOPLIN: Maple Leaf Rag Blues and NewOrleans Jazz HTTN 13: The Roots of Jazz The Jazz Singer Billie Holiday MEET THE PERFORMERS: Billie Holiday LG 51 HOLIDAY: Billie’s Blues TheSwing Era and Beyond MEET THE PERFORMERS: Duke Ellington LG 52STRAYHORN/ELLINGTON: Take the A Train Bebop and Later Jazz StylesCHAPTER 41 Musical Theater357The Development of American Musical Theater George Gershwin and theMerger of Classical and Jazz Styles LG 53 GERSHWIN: Porgy and Bess MEET THE PERFORMERS: Leontyne Price Leonard Bernstein and theBroadway Musical LG 54 BERNSTEIN: West Side StoryCHAPTER 42 Music for Films367Star Wars and Beyond LG 55 WILLIAMS: Raiders MarchCHAPTER 43 The Many Voices of Rock372MEET THE PERFORMERS: Mick Jagger MEET THE PERFORMERS: BobDylan LISTENING ACTIVITY: The Influence of Bob Dylan The Eclecticismof the 1970s The 1980s and Beyond MEET THE PERFORMERS: Nirvana LISTENING ACTIVITY: Comparing Styles 7 Pop Rock to GrungePart 8 World War II and Beyond385Timeline: World War II and BeyondPRELUDE 8New Directions in the Arts386Postmodernism in Music MEET THE PERFORMERS: Laurie AndersonCHAPTER 44 The New Virtuosity of the Modern Age392George Crumb and Avant-Garde Virtuosity LG 56 CRUMB: Caballito negro HTTN 14: Modern Performers Say “Yes, We Can!”CHAPTER 45 Contemporary ComposersLook to World MusicImportant Experimenters The Music of John Cage LG 57 CAGE: Sonatasand Interludes The Javanese Gamelan LISTENING ACTIVITY: Exploring the396xi

xiiContentsJavanese Gamelon Multicultural Influences in Contemporary Society HTTN 15:Improvisation as Compositional Process Bright Sheng and the Meeting of MusicalCultures LG 58 SHENG: China Dreams, Prelude Chinese Traditional Music andInstruments LISTENING ACTIVITY: The Sounds of Traditional Chinese MusicCHAPTER 46 Technology and Music407The Technological Revolution Important Figures in Electronic Music MEETTHE PERFORMERS: Tod Machover LISTENING ACTIVITY: Hyperinstrumentsand Musical InteractivityCHAPTER 47 Some Current Trends413Jennifer Higdon and Romantic Ideals LG 59 HIGDON: blue cathedral JohnCorigliano and the Contemporary Song Cycle LG 60 CORIGLIANO: Prelude,from Mr. Tambourine Man: Seven Poems of Bob Dylan Minimalism and PostMinimalism Arvo Pärt and Spiritual Minimalism LG 61 PÄRT: Cantate Dominocanticum novum HTTN 16: Murders, Monsters, and Mayhem in Modern Opera John Adams and Post-Minimalism LG 62 ADAMS: Doctor Atomic LISTENINGACTIVITY: Comparing Styles 8 Contemporary Choral MusicCODA428AppendicesI. Musical NotationII. GlossaryIII. Answers to Listening ActivitiesA-1A-5A-23CreditsA-25IndexA-29World MapA-60

Listening 5.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.Britten: The Young Person’s Guide to the OrchestraHildegard of Bingen: Alleluia, O virga mediatrixNotre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgoAnonymous: Sumer is icumen inMachaut: Puis qu’en oubliJosquin: Ave Maria . . . virgo serenaPalestrina: Pope Marcellus Mass, GloriaArcadelt: Il bianco e dolce cignoFarmer: Fair PhyllisSusato: Three DancesPurcell: Dido and Aeneas, Act III, excerptsStrozzi: Amor dormiglioneBach: Cantata No. 140, Wachet auf, Nos. 1 and 4Handel: Messiah, Nos. 18 and 44Handel: Water Music, Alla hornpipeMouret: Rondeau, from Suite de symphoniesVivaldi: Spring, from The Four Seasons, IBach: Contrapunctus 1, from The Art of FugueHaydn: String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 (Emperor), IIMozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525, I and IIIHaydn: Symphony No. 100 in G major (Military), IIBeethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67Mozart: Piano Concerto in G major, K. 453, IBeethoven: Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight), IMozart: Don Giovanni, Act 1, Scene 2Schubert: Elf king (Erlkönig)Schumann: “In the lovely month of May,” from A Poet’s LoveChopin: Mazurka in B-flat minor, Op. 24, No. 4Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel: September: At the River, from The Year (Das Jahr)Foster: Jeanie with the Light Brown HairBerlioz: Symphonie fantastique, IVSmetana: The MoldauGrieg: Peer Gynt, Suite No. 1, Op. 46, excerptsBrahms: Symphony No. 3 in F major, IIIVerdi: Rigoletto, Act III, excerptsWagner: Die Walküre, Act III, Opening (Ride of the Valkyries)Verdi: Requiem, Libera me, excerptTchaikovsky: The Nutcracker, Two DancesPuccini: Madame Butterfly, “Un bel dì”Debussy: Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun”Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, Part 1, excerptsSchoenberg: Pierrot lunaire, No. 18Berg: Wozzeck, Act III, Scene 3270273277292303307310xiii

.60.61.62.Listening GuidesBartók: Concerto for Orchestra, IVOrff: O fortuna, from Carmina buranaIves: Country Band MarchStill: Suite for Violin and Piano, IIICopland: Appalachian Spring, excerptsRevueltas: Homage to Federico García Lorca, Son (III)Joplin: Maple Leaf RagHoliday: Billie’s BluesStrayhorn/Ellington: Take the A TrainGershwin: Summertime, from Porgy and BessBernstein: Mambo and Tonight Quintet, from West Side StoryWilliams: Raiders March, from Raiders of the Lost ArkCrumb: Caballito negroCage: Sonata V, from Sonatas and InterludesSheng: China Dreams, PreludeHigdon: blue cathedral, excerptCorigliano: Prelude, from Mr. Tambourine Man: Seven Poems of Bob DylanPärt: Cantate Domino canticum novumAdams: Doctor Atomic, 403415418422426

Listening ActivitiesA PreviewMelodyRhythmHarmonyMusical Scales and KeyTextureMusical FormTempo and DynamicsVoicesWestern InstrumentsReviewing EnsemblesComparing Styles 1: Historical PeriodsComparing Styles of Sacred MusicComparing Styles 2: Medieval, Renaissance, and BaroqueReviewing Baroque Vocal GenresComparing Styles 3: Baroque to ClassicalThematic DevelopmentHearing Larger FormsMozart and the ConcertoComparing Styles 4: Classical to RomanticRomantic-Era Orchestral MusicOpera in China and the WestComparing Styles 5: Romantic to Twentieth CenturyMusic at the 1889 World’s FairPreviewing Early-20th-Century StylesThe Sounds of the Mariachi TraditionComparing Styles 6: Early to Later Twentieth-CenturyThe Influence of Bob DylanComparing Styles 7: Pop Rock to GrungeExploring the Javanese GamelanThe Sounds of Traditonal Chinese MusicHyperinstruments and Musical InteractivityComparing Styles 8: Contemporary Choral 1251279281294299338339376383401405412428xv

Here & There, Then & Now1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.xviThe Role of Music in SocietyOpening Doors to the EastThe Rise of the Professional Female SingerBeethoven and the Politics of MusicMozart and the World of OperaChopin and the SalonMusic, Folklore, and NationalismDvořák, the Symphony, and African-American MusicVerdi and the Power of MusicThe Paris World Exhibition of 1889: A Cultural AwakeningBartók—A Folk-Song CollectorPreserving Mexico’s Musical TraditionsThe Roots of JazzModern Performers Say “Yes, We Can!”Improvisation as Compositional ProcessMurder, Monsters, and Mayhem in Modern 4

Online Video and iMusic ExamplesA VideosOrchestra and Chamber Music VideosBach: Contrapunctus I, from The Art of Fugue (stringquartet)Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor, IMozart: Concerto for Piano and Orchestra in Gmajor, K. 453, IMozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, ISousa: Washington Post March (concert band)Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, IIITelemann: Tafelmusik, selections (Baroque orchestra)Metropolitan Opera VideosAdams: Doctor Atomic, selectionsBerg: Wozzeck, Act III, selectionsBizet: Habanera, from CarmenMozart: Don Giovanni, Act I, selectionsPuccini: Un bel dì, from Madame ButterflyVerdi: Rigoletto, Act III, selectionsWagner: Die Walküre, Act III, selectionsA iMusic(alphabetical listing)Amazing Grace (traditional hymn, UK)America (patriotic song)Avaz of Bayate Esfahan (Iran)Bach, J. S.: Brandenburg Concerto No. 1, IBach, J.S.: Cantata 51, “Endlich, endlich wird meinJoch”Bach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, from The Art of FugueBach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, theme (original)Bach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, theme (inversion)Bach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, theme (retrograde)Bach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, theme (retrogradeinversion)Bach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, theme (augmentation)Bach, J. S.: Contrapunctus I, theme (diminution)Bach, J. S.: Jesu, Joy of Man’s DesiringBach, J. S.: Sarabande, from Cello Suite No. 2Bach, J. S.: Toccata in D minorBattle Hymn of the Republic (Civil War song)Beethoven: Für EliseBeethoven: Moonlight Sonata, AdagioBeethoven: Ode to Joy, from Symphony No. 9, IVBeethoven: Pathetique Sonata, IBeethoven: Symphony No. 5, IBerg: Wozzeck, Act I, Scene 1Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, I (idée fixe)Bernstein: Tonight, from West Side StoryBhimpalasi (North India)Bizet: Toreador Song, from CarmenBrahms: LullabyBrahms: Symphony No. 1, IVBrahms: Symphony No. 4, IVCall to Prayer (Adhan): Blessings on the ProphetCatán: Interlude, from Rappaccini’s DaughterEl Cihualteco (Mexico, mariachi song)Chopin: Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, No. 4Chopin: Prelude in B-flat minor, Op. 28, No. 16Chopin: Prelude in A minor, Op. 29, No. 2Debussy: Jeux de vagues, from La merDougla Dance (Trinidad)Foster: Camptown RacesFoster: Oh, Susannah!Gankino horo (Bulgaria)Gota (Ghana, West Africa)xvii

xviiiOnline Video and iMusic ExamplesGreensleeves (folk song, UK)Grieg: Åse’s Death, from Peer GyntHandel: Alla hornpipe, from Water MusicHandel: “Hallelujah Chorus,” from MessiahHandel: “O thou that tellest good tidings,”from MessiahHassler: Laudate DominumHaydn: Emperor Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3, IIHaydn: Military Symphony No. 100, IIHaydn: Surprise Symphony No. 94, IIHildegard of Bingen: KyrieIf I Had a Hammer (Pete Seeger)In a Mountain Path (China)Los Jilicatas (Peru, panpipes)Josquin: El grilloJosquin: Inviolata, integra et casta es MariaJoplin: Pine Apple RagJoy to the World (Christmas carol)Ligeti: Lux aeternaLiszt: Paganini Etude No. 6La Marseillaise (French national anthem)Mbira (Zimbabwe)Mendelssohn: Spring Song, Op. 62, No. 6Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4, IV (Italian)Messiaen: Turangilîla-symphonieMinuet in D minor (Anna Magdalena Notebook)Monteverdi: Lament of the NymphMouret: Rondeau, from Suite de symphoniesMozart: Ah! vous dirai-je, maman (Twinkle, Twinkle,Little Star)Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, K. 662, IIMozart: Confutatis, from RequiemMozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, IMozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, IIIMozart: Horn Concerto, K. 447, IIIMozart: Piano Concerto, K. 467, IIMozart: Symphony No. 35, IIMozart: Symphony No. 40, IIIMozart: Symphony No. 41, IMozart: Tuba mirum, from RequiemMusorgsky: Great Gates of KievMy Bonnie Lies over the Ocean (folk song)Ngoh wai heng kong (Cantonese opera)O Canada (Canadian national anthem)Osain (Cuban Santería)Pachelbel: Canon in DPaganini: Etude No. 6Pop Goes the Weasel (traditional, UK)Purcell: Rondeau, from AbdelazarRavel: BoléroReicha: Woodwind Quintet, Op. 88, No. 2Riley (work song)Rossini: William Tell OvertureRow, Row, Row Your Boat (traditional, America)Schubert: The Trout (song)Schubert: The Trout Quintet, IVSchubert: The Miller and the Brook, from The LovelyMaid of the MillSchumann: “In the lovely month of May”Simple Gifts (Shaker hymn)Skye Crofters (bagpipes, Scottish dance music)Sleep Song (Hopi lullaby)Sousa: Stars and Stripes ForeverThe Star-Spangled Banner (U.S. national anthem)Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, IntroductionSwing Low, Sweet Chariot (African-American spiritual)Tabuh Kenilu Sawik (Indonesia)Tchaikovsky: March, from The NutcrackerTchaikovsky: Waltz of the Flowers, from TheNutcrackerVerdi: Dies irae, from RequeimVivaldi: Concerto in C major for 2 Trumpets, IWagner: Ride of the Valkyries, from Die WalküreWebern: Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30When the Saints Go Marching In (traditional, America)

PrefaceThe Enjoyment of Music PackageAccessible and engaging, the Eleventh Edition of The Enjoyment of Music reflectshow today’s students learn, listen to, and live with music.The Enjoyment of Music is a remarkable resource for the study of music appreciationand literature. This book is a classic—it’s been around for more than half a century—but its contents and pedagogical approach are very much up-to-date, featuring appealing music, the latest scholarship, an eye-catching design, and an unparalleledpackage of electronic ancillaries. This preface introduces some of the importantfeatures in the text, on the CDs, and online. Understanding these resources willenhance listening, help study skills, and improve performance in class.Using the BookThe Enjoyment of Music is designed for maximum readability. The narrative is accompanied by many useful and instructive featuresthat will help in the study of music: A varied repertory broadly representsclassical masters, including music bywomen and living composers, as well asjazz, rock, musical theater, film music,and non-Western musical styles.Key Points, at the beginning of eachchapter, provide a brief summary of theterms and main ideas in each chapter.Marginal sideheads identify key termsdefined in the text and focus attention onimportant concepts.Marginal icons, placed throughout thebook, indicate the relevant online(StudySpace) resources. These includereferences to iMusic examples andVideos (see p. xvii) streamed on StudySpace as well as an icon that points outGlobal music content .29Music in Nineteenth-CenturyAmerica“Weep no more my lady,Oh! Weep no more today;We will sing one song for theold Kentucky home,For the old Kentucky home far away.”—Stephen FosterKEY POINTSNMusic publications in early America were largelydevotional, some written in the shape-note systemdesigned for easy reading.NThe parlor and minstrel songs of Stephen Foster(including Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair) werevery popular during his lifetime and remain sotoday.StudySpace wwnorton.com/enjoyNThe pianist Louis Moreau Gottschalk was the firstinternationally acclaimed American composer ofclassical music. His piano work The Banjo evokesauthentic banjo-playing styles he heard in NewOrleans.Music in eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century American life waslargely imported from Europe. Early Protestant settlers had broughttheir devotional psalms with them, printing the first American psalmbook as early as 1640. Because many people were not musically literate at the time,publishers reached out to a wider public by issuing books of folk hymns and socalled white spirituals with music printed in shape-note notation, a new, easy system. The melodies of the shape-note hymns, which resemble those of ballads andfiddle tunes of the era, are set in simple four-part harmonizations. Publicationssuch as The Easy Instructor and The Sacred Harp (see illustration, p. 294) disseminated this repertory from New England, where the presses were located, to ruraland urban audiences in the South and Midwest, where the hymns were used insinging schools, churches, and social gatherings. As a result, the body of hymnsand anthems has been preserved not only in devotional music books but througha continued oral tradition: some of these works remain popular even today in gospel and contemporary Christian music arrangements.Although the composers and lyricists of nineteenth-century America aremostly forgotten today, several prophets of American music can be named, including Stephen Foster, known for his lyrical parlor ballads, minstrel show tunes, andpoignant plantation songs; and Louis Moreau Gottschalk, one of America’s mostoriginal spirits and the country’s first great classical pianist.Shape-note notation iMusicAmazing Grace293xix

xx PrefaceHere & There, Then & Now(HTTN) boxes connects themusical past to the present whileshowing the role music plays ineveryday life and culture—then andnow—and from around theworld—here and there.By the way . . . (Btw) boxes areinformational items that answerquestionsfrequentlyBy the way . . .asked byHow Did Mozart Die?students.pesztadnefedtrgasthdFor more than two centuries, there has beenspeculation about what led to Mozart’s suddendeath at the age of thirty-five. The theory thathe was poisoned by his rival Salieri—eithermedically or psychologically—was the maintheme of the controversial play Amadeus(1979) by Peter Schaffer, adapted in 1984into an Academy Award-winning movie. Otherpopular theories include malpractice on thepart of his physician, rheumatic fever, heartdisease, and even trichinosis from eatingundercooked pork chops. Not long ago, DNAspecialists thought they had found Mozart’sskull. Unfortunately, there was no DNA matchbetween this relic and that of his close relatives, which made it impossible to make anydefinitive analysis of the cause of h

ISBN: 978-0-393-12015-8 (pdf. ebook) Listening Guides xiii Listening Activities xv Here & There, Then & Now xvi Online Video and iMusic Examples xvii Videos xvii iMusic xvii . Comparing Styles 4 Classical to Romantic Part 5 The Ninet