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Lighting Design BasicsBased on the Book by MarkKarlen and James Benya,Wiley and Sons, 2004Presented byNKBAandBenya LightingJames Robert Benya, PE, FIES,IALD, LCBENYA LIGHTING DESIGNPortland, OR 2005 JAMES BENYA

No Handouts?!?!? Get the book– www.wiley.com Download this presentation atwww.benyalighting.com Questions? Send a message tojbenya@benyalighting.com 2005 JAMES BENYA

What are lighting designbasics?1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.IntroductionLight SourcesLuminairesSwitching and DimmingDaylightingLighting CalculationsDocumenting Lighting DesignThe Layers ApproachA Basic Approach 2005 JAMES BENYA

What are lighting designbasics?10. Residential Lighting Design11. Office and Corporate LightingDesign12. Hospitality Lighting Design13. Health Care/Institutional LightingDesign14. Lighting for Stores15. Lighting Common Spaces 2005 JAMES BENYA

What are lighting designbasics?16. The Professional Process ofLighting Design17. Collaborating with LightingDesigners18. Computers and Lighting Design19. Developing Skills Beyond theBasics 2005 JAMES BENYA

1 IntroductionA GOOD LIGHTING DESIGN SHOULD Look good! Provide the proper amount of light in everyroom. Be built and constructed within budget, code,and other constraints. Be environmentally responsible. Respond to the Architecture and Interior Design Produce good color Achieve the desired moods of each space Be able to control the lights 2005 JAMES BENYA

2 Light Sources Incandescent Halogen Fluorescent CompactFluorescent Lamps LED’s Fiber Optic Sources 2005 JAMES BENYA

Incandescent Lamps Appealing Warm, attractive color(2600-2900K) Dimmable Wide variety Not energy efficient 2005 JAMES BENYA

Low Voltage IncandescentLamps Usually lowwattage but notinherently energyefficient Greatestadvantage: sizeXenon incandescent strip lights2800K 2005 JAMES BENYAPAR36 Longthrow displaylamp 2700KLowvoltagestrips andtubes24002600K

Halogen Lamps Appealing Crisp warm, attractivecolor (2800-3100K) Dimmable Wide variety Longer life, slightlymore energy efficient 2005 JAMES BENYAHalogen PAR 20, PAR 30and PAR 38 lampsHalogen lamps fortable lamps andchandeliers

Low Voltage Halogen Compact, bright lamps A bit more energyefficient Excellent reading, workand display light sources Color Temp: 2900-3100K Long lifeSmall halogen lamps fortask lights, sconces, etc.PAR36 andAR111halogenlong throwlampsMR16 2005 JAMES BENYA

Linear Fluorescent T-12 “fat tubes”no longer agood choice Use T-8 lamps formost residentialuses Consider T-5 andT-2 lamps forundercabinetfixturesT-12 2005 JAMES BENYAT-8T-5T-2

CompactFluorescent 7,9, and 13 watttwin tubes (“PL”lamps) for steplights, low levellighting Triple tube,Circuline and2D lamps 18-58watts forgeneral lighting 2005 JAMES BENYA

Color temperatureRange 5000K4100KSettingSunCold7500K6500KRange ofFluorescentRangeofFlameRange ofIncandescentand Halogen 2005 JAMES BENYA10000K9000KNorthSky

Recommended FluorescentLamps for Common UseDesired LampColor Warm 2700K Warm 3000K Neutral 3500K Cool 4100K Cold 5000KLamp ColorDesignation “827” “830” or “930” “835” “841” “850” or “950”Example: F32T8/830 is a 3000K, 32 watt tubularfluorescent lamp 8/8” in diameter 2005 JAMES BENYA

Fluorescent Ballast Technology Non-dimmingelectronic ballasts– Quieter– Instant starting Dimmingelectronic ballasts– Two wire versions nowavailable– Standard 3 wire and 4wire versions alsoavailable 2005 JAMES BENYA

New Technologies Fiberoptics LED 2005 JAMES BENYA

Fiberoptics as Special Effect End-emittingfiber– twinkle effects (starfields)– in-water effects(ponds and waterfeatures) Side Emittingfiber– outlining– shapes 2005 JAMES BENYA

Fiberoptics as DisplayLighting Uses special opticalelements (small lenses) Each fiber emits a very smallamount of light Maximum bundle is about300 cd at 30 degree Virtually no UV or IR Requires a low ambient lightspace like a fine museum 2005 JAMES BENYA

LED Lights Promisingtechnology Used for trafficsignals and exitsigns New productsinclude sconces,step lights andmarker lights 2005 JAMES BENYA

For the Kitchen and BathMy favoritesKitchen PAR38 halogenwork areadownlights MR16 low voltageaccent lights Low voltage xenonor fluorescentundercabinet lights Fluorescent covelightsBath Halogen orfluorescent vanitylights MR16 vanitydownlight andaccent lights MR16 shower light 2005 JAMES BENYA

Urban Living Trends Smaller, higher quality spaces Green design 2005 JAMES BENYA

Challenges of Green Design Too much emphasis oncompact fluorescentlighting Little understanding oflighting design by utility andenergy efficiencyadvocates Not many good choices ofluminaires embodyinggreen principles Poor design sensitivity in thegreen community 2005 JAMES BENYA

For the Kitchen and BathMy green favoritesLook for US EPA Energy Star but be picky!Kitchen Compactfluorescent workarea downlights MR16 low voltageaccent lights Low voltagefluorescentundercabinet lights Fluorescent covelightsBath Fluorescent vanitylights MR16 vanitydownlight andaccent lights MR16 shower light 2005 JAMES BENYA

3 Luminaires “Architectural”– Recessed cans– Track– Coves and undercabinet lights mps Utility– Drums– Closet lights 2005 JAMES BENYA

Recessed Lighting Generally inexpensive Very popular Aesthetically “neutral” Good for task lighting OK for general lighting If chosen correctly,excellent for displaylighting and a number ofspecial applications 2005 JAMES BENYA

Recessed Lighting The “Housing”– For most residentialuse, fixtures are atmost about 7” tall for2x8 construction The “Trim”– 4”, 5” and 6”incandescent– 3”, 4”, 5” and 6” lowvoltage– 4”, 5” and 6”compact fluorescent 2005 JAMES BENYA

Standard Housings Incandescent non-IC Incandescent IC Incandescent air tight IC Low voltage non-IC Low voltage IC Low voltage airtight IC Compact fluorescent nonIC Compact fluorescent IC Compact fluorescentairtight IC 2005 JAMES BENYA

Remodeler Housings Designed to fitthrough asingle hole inthe ceiling Usually not IC 2005 JAMES BENYA

Premium Housings Superior quality Interchangeablelamp capability– Incandescent– Low voltage– Compact fluorescent High qualityinterchangeabletrims 2005 JAMES BENYA

Choosing Trims Is the trim suitable for your needs– Adjustable?– Right style?– Right color or material? Is the trim LISTED for the application?–––––Kitchen: indoor, dry locationBathroom: indoor, dry locationOver shower or tub: Spa or shower ratedSteam shower: wet label, gasketedIndoor pool or hot tub: wet label, non conductivetrim, at least 7.5’ above water level 2005 JAMES BENYA

Standard trims Downlight– Baffle– Cone Accent light– Gimbal– Eyeball– Pull down Wallwash– Eyelid 2005 JAMES BENYA

Using StandardRecessed Lighting Choose trims tastefully Use halogen lamps– 4” family use PAR20– 5” and 6” family usePAR30– 6” family also consider thePAR38– Avoid so called linevoltage MR16 and PAR16 2005 JAMES BENYA

AdjustableLine VoltageRecessedTrims 2005 JAMES BENYA

Low Voltage MR-16 Lighting Typically used in a 3” or 4”recessed can Can be used (with the righttrim) in a 5” or 6” can Use good quality MR16 lamps ALWAYS use a soft focusspread lens (Halo L111) Current Favorite: Sylvania37MR16/IR 2005 JAMES BENYA

Low Voltage Trims 2005 JAMES BENYA

Other Low Voltage Trims Glass trim,gasketed forwetenvironments Low cost spaand showerlight for tubsand showerstalls 2005 JAMES BENYA

Be Careful with CompactFluorescent Downlights Square: not IC orAT but looks nice Round IC – waytall To get an airtightIC you are limitedto 13 watts In the kitchendownlight youneed 32 watts 2005 JAMES BENYA

Track Still used in museums for good reason Permits maximum flexibility Luminaires equipped easily withspread lenses and UV filters for artworklighting Attaches to surface, permits dramaticlighting in condos 2005 JAMES BENYA

Track Standard 120 volttrack– Low cost generalpurpose– High cost “museumgrade” Low voltage track Low voltagespecialty systems– Two cable systems– Two rail systems– Two conductor “bars”,“rods”, and ribbons 2005 JAMES BENYA

Low VoltageLighting Most recessed lowvoltage lights have atransformer in thehousing Most low voltage stripsand some recessedhousings can beconnected to aremote transformer 2005 JAMES BENYA

Accent Lighting Using LowVoltage 2005 JAMES BENYA

Beam QualityAn unfiltered lamp tendsto have Striation– lines and harsh edges Halation– rings sometimes withrainbowing Sharp edges and rapidchange– well defined round orelliptical beams 2005 JAMES BENYA

Taming the (MR16) Beast Smooth the Beam– Softening Lens (HaloL111 or “solite”)– Spread Lens– Linear Lens Shield the Source– Baffle or snoot– Louver 2005 JAMES BENYA

Accent Lighting Technique Should be located at about30 degrees off verticalrelative to focal point Do not get too close to wall normally 24” minimum away Use 30-60-90 triangle todetermine optimum position Only use lighting systemscapable of hitting above 40degrees (off vertical) inspecial situations. 2005 JAMES BENYA

Accent LightingRecessed accent lightMounting LineTrack or monopoint30-60-90 triangleArtwork 2005 JAMES BENYAThe distance from thefixture to the artworkwill determinebeam angle andcandlepower

Accent Lighting with PAR36For high ceilings use a lowvoltage 6” recessed luminaireand a 50 watt PAR36 low voltagelamp 2005 JAMES BENYA

Accent lighting Living room, greatroom, family room Dining room Foyer Hallways/prime artlocations Art niches Master bedroomreading and art lights Powder rooms 2005 JAMES BENYA

The Layered Approach toLighting DesignBegin by thinking in layersDecorativeFocalTaskAmbient 2005 JAMES BENYA

Layer #1 - The Ambient orGeneral Lighting Layer Generally the relatively uniform lighting of thespace. Tends to establish mood. Includes uniform downlighting, indirect lighting(uplighting and wallwashing), and some specialtechniques, but can also be the decorativelighting Called “general lighting” if at task levels (30-50 fcor more). Called “ambient lighting” if lower than task levels 2005 JAMES BENYA

The Ambient LayerCove lighting 2005 JAMES BENYA

Layer #2 - The Task Layer Generally limited to “tasklighting” of the HORIZONTALWORK SURFACE at work locations. Tends to help create drama. Usually produces 50 fc or morewithin a small area. 2005 JAMES BENYA

Ambient and Task LightingDownlighting 2005 JAMES BENYA

Layer #3 - The Display orFocal Layer Generally limited to accent lightingand similar effects, primarily throughVERTICAL AND OTHER NONHORIZONTAL SURFACE ILLUMINATION. Tends to create drama, with greaterdrama the result of greater contrastbetween the brightness created byFocal Lighting and Ambient Lighting. Usually involves key displays at 100 fcor more. 2005 JAMES BENYA

Ambient, Task and FocalLightingAccent Lighting 2005 JAMES BENYA

Layer #4 - the Decorative orTraditional Layer In general, adds the decorativeluminaires called for by thearchitecture/interior design style,period, motif. Is usually expected to contribute tothe ambient illumination. In manydesigns, the decorative lighting will BEthe ambient lighting. Usually reduces contrast (drama). 2005 JAMES BENYA

Ambient, Task, Focal andDecorative LightingChandelier 2005 JAMES BENYA

Composition 2005 JAMES BENYA

Composition Chandelier(ambient anddecorative) Recessed (task) Recessed(focal) Sconce(decorative) 2005 JAMES BENYA

Composition Cove (ambient) Recessed (task) Undercabinet(task) Chandelier(decorative) Sconce(decorative) 2005 JAMES BENYA

Composition and Planningfor Change Recessedadjustablelighting Combinedwith fixedpredictablelighting 2005 JAMES BENYA

Remote transformers Address Article 411and 725 issues– Class 1– Class 2 Low noise, minimumheat 2005 JAMES BENYA

WallwashingProduces a flat,even wash of lightfor a wall. You mayfind this is NOT whatyou wanted 2005 JAMES BENYA

Types of WallwashersRececssed asymmetric styleEyelid styleRecessed lens styleTrack and surface lens andasymmetric styleSemi-recessed lensand open asymmetric style 2005 JAMES BENYA