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Introduction to OLED lighting and key challengesfor the industryDr. Wolfgang DoetterAuthorized Company Officer – OLEDWorksGlobal Q-EHS Manager & Senior Integral Project Manager1OLEDWorks LLC

OLEDsA new perception of lightRather than a beam emerging from a single light-emittingpoint, light coming from the larger surface provides pleasant,uniform illumination.The OLED produces a soft light, casting no shadows, no glare andcool to the touch: It is about pureness and subtle beauty.All actions of staging the light between instant on and smoothdimming are possible.New approach to handle lighting:Do not hide the light source anymore!2OLEDWorks LLC

VisionIn 10 years there will be only Solid StateLighting; shared between LED and OLEDApplications favoring OLED:Close to the userLow glare, low temperature, broadspectrum – e.g. office aboveUnique form factors of OLED:Thin and light weight – for exampletransportationSpecial design elements – for examplecurved lights3OLEDWorks LLC DOE GatewayDOE Gateway

OutlineEmde DesignIntroduction to OLEDWorksBasics of OLED LightingProduct ExamplesTechnical ChallengesFlexible OLED lightingOffer new value propositionManufacturing @ low costGrow market for general lightingVisa Lighting’s Petal and Limit luminaires4OLEDWorks LLC

OLEDWorks – Our HistoryFounded 2010By OLED pioneers in Rochester, New York formerly of Eastman Kodak CompanyInitial focus on R&D and Consulting2011 – 2014: Class A equity raise complete based on unique OLED lighting business planR&D lab completed and contract research underwayNovel Rochester production facility with emphasis on versatility, low cost expansion and low costmanufacturing is designed, builtOLEDWorks ships first prototypes from qualified manufacturing facility in Rochester2015: Combination of two world-class teams, complete additional equity raiseOLEDWorks acquires Philips OLED key assetsIncludes worldwide state-of-the-art, largest capacity OLED lighting production line and rich OLED experiencein Aachen, Germany70 worldwide OLED experts2016: new products launched as OLEDWorks LLC and subsidiary OLEDWorks GmbHLumiblade Brite 2 – 60lm/W, 3000K and 4000K, 90 CRI, 300 lm/panel, 50,000 hour LT70 @ 3000cd/m2Keuka OLED moduleSee www.oledworks.com for complete current product offerings5OLEDWorks LLC Over 400 years of OLED expertisesupporting your OLED experience

OLEDWorks – What we doWE MAKE OLED LIGHT ENGINESOLED material, formulation, process and reliability expertsOLED lighting manufacturing innovationAachen: Bold move to make world’s brightest panels, high volume capacityRochester: Disruptive low cost structure, amber, low volume, scalableProcess integration competenceOLED collaboration and integrationDriver and electronics support, technical support, supplier collaboration6OLEDWorks LLC

OLEDWorks capabilitiesCommercialized product offerings, all high brightness capableHigh brightness white – square and rectangular (Brite 1: FL300 FL300L)Research and DevelopmentQualified DOE OLED testing facilityTons of collaboration ongoing, a key to success in the U.S. and EuropeJoint DevelopmentCorning – Willow Glass for application in bendable OLEDsPhilips - Luminaires integrating bendable OLEDs7OLEDWorks LLC

OLEDWorks Manufacturing CapacityIn Aachen with worldwide biggest installedcapacity for OLED LightingCurrent Throughput Capacity – 20,000 m2/year productpost yieldExpansion Capacity – 120,000 m2/year product postyieldIncl. thin film encapsulation technologyRochester Manufacturing Line with scalablecapacityProduction Capability – 3,000 m2/year scalable to 7,000m2/yearDemonstration of Unique Large-Scale ProductionTechnologyISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, BS OHSAS18001:2007 certified facility8OLEDWorks LLC

The OLED principleEncapsulationCathode/ ReflectorOrganics/ light generationTransparent anodeSubstrateLight emission/ extraction9OLEDWorks LLC

OLEDWorks enables you to revel in possibilityDesign FreelyCreate PassionatelyBe Unlimited with Lightdriverheat sinkLEDlightsourcedriverOptics lossesOLEDlightsourceuseful lightuseful lightTraditional solid state light source10OLEDWorks LLC OLED light source

OLEDWorks enables you to revel in possibility2nd generation (Brite2) was launched 2016, 3rd generation follows in 2018OLEDWorks Lumiblade standout performance with the Brite familyHigher brightness enables many additional applications and is „only OLEDWorks“FunctionalDecorativeBrite 2Efficacy of more than 60lm/WCRI 90 and R9 70Available in 3,000K and 4,000KLumiblade2018LumibladetodayEfficacyOther OLEDsLumibladetill 2014Brightness11OLEDWorks LLC

Commercial product performance on steepcurve tripled the efficacy tripled the luminance tripled the lifetime,Launch PriceFor commercial products inthe last 3 years we 2016: Brite 2 FL30063lm/W, 300lm max,50khrs (@120lm)2013: GL350 1st Gen16lm/W, 120lmmax, 15khrs2014: Brite 1 FL30047lm/W, 300lm max,45khrs (@120lm) and cut the price by 3Efficacy and it does not stop here !12OLEDWorks LLC 2018: Brite 385 lm/W, 300lm max,50khrs (@200lm)

OLED Panel Performance TodayFrom 2016 DOE SSL R&D PlanNew!Today’s panel performance: 20klm/m2 Efficacy of 60 lm/W LT70 50k hours CRI 90 R9 50 These panels deliver the performanceneeded for most applicationsOLEDWorks Brite 3 with 90 lm/W – forrelease in early 2018137,7007,70020,700DOE SSL R&D Plan, June 2016, pg 102Illuminances corrected for total panel areaEfficacy and Lifetime (L70) is quoted for 3000 cd/m2OLEDWorks LLC 20,700

LED vs OLED Cost ComparisonOLED light panels can be at higher prices ( /klm)and still have fixture cost-parity, due to simplerfixture designs for lower costs.No optics, no heat management, simpler mechanicaldesigns.Higher brightness OLED panels are importantLED fixtures cover wide quality rangeOLED can compete now at the high end.Unique form factor of OLEDs can give a designadvantage that is difficult for LED to match.Visa Lighting’s Petal and Limit luminaires14OLEDWorks LLC

For more informationPlease visit our homepage to download detailed product tact us: owinfo@oledworks.comProduct leafletDesign-in guide15OLEDWorks LLC Data sheet15

“The Source” in Aquis PlazaCarl Stahl Architektur16OLEDWorks LLC

OLED light sculpture in FrankfurtHatec with Groß Partner & Eicke Becker17OLEDWorks LLC

OLED luminaires at “Theater an der Elbe”500xFL300 as the center piece of the new musical theater18OLEDWorks LLC

OLED luminaires at the Audi ForumWorldwide first use of OLEDs for functional lighting19OLEDWorks LLC

DKB Offices – DOE Gateway20OLEDWorks LLC

LIMIT & PETAL Visa Lighting21OLEDWorks LLC

OMLEDEmde Design22OLEDWorks LLC

Aerelight A1Aerelight Design23OLEDWorks LLC

Philips ThinAir OLED luminaireThe modular OLED luminaire for office and retail24OLEDWorks LLC

Motivation for Curved andBendable OLED LightingAcuity BrandsOLED lighting is currently higher priced than LED, and needs to achievehigher sales volumes to significantly reduce costs.Unique selling points – OLED lighting can be bendable, flexible, thinner,lighter than LED – allowing more creative designs.Roll-to-Roll – the final challenge – can result in further cost-down inmass manufacturing.25OLEDWorks LLC

Selection of Substrate: Glass vs Barrier-Coated PlasticGlass AdvantagesExcellent barrier propertiesLower cost than barrier-coated plasticAvailable now in wide rollsHigh transparencyHigh temperature processing capabilityGlass DisadvantagesDefects on surfaces and edges limit maximum stress and radius of curvatureBending/twisting in 2D results in breakageIn processing - e.g. in deposition/encapsulation equipment.In handling of finished product.OLEDWorks and Corning have a Joint Development project for OLED lightingon Willow glass.26OLEDWorks LLC

Design Challenges of Flexible Glass OLED StructuresTypicalStructureBackside Protection FilmFlexible EncapsulationFlexible Electrical ContactsAnodeOLEDCathodeWillow GlassExternal Light Extraction FilmCareful engineering and design required to make the OLED product robust to handlingSelection of materials and thicknesses is critical to control stress and strain in each layerThe design of the location of neutral axis during bending is importantProtection of glass surfaces and glass edges is required to prevent damage which weaken theglassLamination onto surfaces with topography (multiple heights) adds stresses to the stackStresses during the lamination processes can result in breakage.27OLEDWorks LLC

Bendable OLED Lighting Panel Product vature of OLED Panelwithout Breaking Glass orEncapsulationMechanical andElectrical Connectionand SupportThicknessWeightBendable vs Flexible28Market request is tomatch rigid technologyplatforms in priceperformance whileadditionally offer USP‘sbendable OLED‘sOLEDWorks LLC

OLED Panel Revenue Growth Prediction by Yole inMarch 20162021 1,500MOLED lighting marketas described bypanel sales couldgrow by 10x in thenext 5 years.This is a averageCAGR of 50%/year.29OLEDWorks LLC

Prediction of Panel Prices and VolumesOLED panel prices and market IDTechEx predictions in 2013,unchanged in 20162021 500MPanel prices – the industryis ahead of the curve asshown by red ellipse.From “OLED Lighting Opportunities 2016-2026: Forecasts, Technologies, Players”, April ogies-players-000472.asp30OLEDWorks LLC

Manufacturing yield (capacity & cost)Meaningful targets Inside color point box without binning (dashed) No ‘esthetic defects’ (bright spots, dark spots, ) Lumen output within 10% of nominal value Voltage within 5% of nominal value Lifetime, reliability within product specificationproduct yieldYield break-down (incomplete)31defectsthicknessstackcolor pointcleanlinessTFEvoltagemechanical defectslumenmaterials stabilitysubstratecorefinishingOLEDWorks LLC

0.41Run to run stack stabilityCIE 1931 y0.405 Repeatable on-plate and plate-to-platestability0.40.395 Independent several-day continuous runsseparated by down periods0.390.4250.430.4350.440.445CIE 1931 xBoxplot of Voltage [V]Boxplot of Luminous Flux [lm]31520.620.4310Voltage [V]Luminous Flux R1.2R2.0R2.1RunR3.0R4.0R5.0R1.1OLEDWorks LLC R1.2R2.0R2.1RunR3.0R4.0R5.00.450.455

Yield Successful ramp-up to good yield100 Runs represent 6-month period80Yield [%] Further yield improvements by solvingseveral identified and understood issues ‘Color point’ comprises color point,voltage and lumen output60CoreColor Point402001 ‘Core’ comprises stack and TFE33OLEDWorks LLC 234Run567

OLED Processing CostsR2R Needed for Ultimate Low-Cost ProductionAs volumes increase, OLED lighting industry will have cost reduction due toeconomies of scale over today’s manufacturing machinesMajor cost-down advantages will occur when we get to G5 Sheet-to-sheet machinesLG machine will be in production in Asia in 2017-18North America or Europe in 201x?For further cost down – mass production using R2R processing requiredThis make more sense then going to G8 – diverging from the display model.Now is the time to start working on the developing and commercializing the technologies that willbe required to make this happen.34OLEDWorks LLC

Two Critical Areas Require Development forSuccessful R2R OLED Lighting Manufacturing1. Substrate Web Handling and TransportSubstrate must roll up without particles and damageWithin the machine, all moving contact points generates particlesWorst problems are in areas where deposition occurs2. Masking for Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Deposition is used to:Prevent OLED organic from depositing the seal area and cathode contact areaPrevent the cathode from depositing across to the anode contact area.ProductPanelsSubstrate RollSubstratePreparation35OLED Organic andCathode DepositionOLEDWorks LLC Encapsulation, ElectricalConnections, Finishing