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Joining Stainless SteelsSupporting presentation forlecturers of Architecture/CivilEngineeringChapter 09Joining & Fabrication ofStainless Steels1
1. Joining2. FabricationJoining Stainless SteelsContents2
Process (Refs)VideosPreferred process forWelding (1-5)(widely used)MIG WeldingTIG WeldingWelding robotHigh strength of the jointsNo dismantlingFastening(widely used)WebinarEasy on-site assemblyAssembling dissimilar materials (wood, glass )Dismantling at a later stageBrazing/SolderingSolderingWater tightness (Used mostly in roofing)Press-fit examplePermanent joining of tubesWater tighnessMechanicalPress-fittingFoldingOther .Adhesive Bonding(not used often,but growing)Joining Stainless Steels1 - JoiningApplicable joining processes: all of them!Surface finish integrity3
Advantages of arc welding weld properties equal to that ofannealed condition provides the strongest joints can be done on site or in the shop joins thin and thick material ofany shape joins similar or dissimilar metals(usually carbon steel with properchoice of filler material) resists fatigue and cyclic loads same corrosion and heatresistance as the annealed basemetalLimitations of arc weldingJoining Stainless SteelsArc Welding not possible with all grades require qualified operatorsand procedures maycauseheat-induceddistortions post-weld finishing operationsare required for a goodlooking finish (such as sandblasting) loss of mechanical propertiesin case of cold-workedmaterial4
Video: polishing a weldJoining Stainless SteelsArc Welding5
Joining Stainless SteelsMechanical fasteningAdvantages of mechanicalfastening Can be dismantledIdeal for on-site buildingFastNo need of qualified operatorsLimitations of mechanicalfastening Not as strong as weldsMay cause crevice corrosion (seecorrosion resistance chapter)Selecting the appropriatefastener:The German Institute for Building Technology*has issued recommendations for the selectionof fasteners according to the environment.Please read Reference 4, Table 1a (exposureclasses) and Table 8 (stainless grades by class)* Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt)6
(a process used for tubes only)Joining Stainless SteelsPress fittingAdvantages of press fitting Perfectly tight for liquid and gasesFastNo flamePerfectly clean surfacesNo need of qualified operatorsLimitations of press fitting Cannot be dismantled Require sleeves for each tubediameter7
Advantages of adhesive bonding makes a joint almost invisible, enhancingproduct appearanceprovides uniform distribution of stress and agreater stress-bearing areajoins thin and thick material of any shapejoins similar or dissimilar materialsminimizes or prevents electrochemical(galvanic) corrosion between dissimilarmaterialsresists fatigue and cyclic loadsprovides joints with smooth contoursseals joints against a variety of environmentsinsulates against heat transfer and electricalconductanceis free from heat-induced distortionsdampens vibrations and absorb shocksprovides attractive strength/weight ratiois frequently faster or cheaper thanmechanical fasteningLimitations of adhesive bonding Joining Stainless SteelsAdhesive Bondingdoes not permit visual examination of the bondarearequires careful surface preparation, often withcorrosive chemicalsmay involve long cure times, particularly wherehigh cure temperatures are not usedmay require holding fixtures, presses, ovens andautoclaves, not usually needed for otherfastening methodsshould not be exposed to service temperaturesabove approximately 180 Crequires rigid process control, includingemphasis on cleanliness, for most adhesivesdepends on the environment to which it isexposed8
Attaching of banister elements (Delo-Duopox AD895) Fills gaps, suitable for small and largebonding gaps Good chemical resistance and agingresistance For interior and exterior use Efficiency: flexible modular system inbanister construction. The additionalprocess steps required for welding,such as grinding or polishing, areavoidedJoining Stainless SteelsAdhesive bonding applicationsStainless steel panels (Grade 1.4404) areattached to the outer walls of this 6storey office buildingin Hannover(Germany) using an adhesive bondingsystem without the need for additionalmechanical fastening9
Joining Stainless SteelsAdhesive bondingis used for theassembly of doorhandles.Adhesive bonding is apractical solution inbuilding applications,when stainless steel has tobe fastened to masonry ornatural stone10
org/Files/issf/animations/WeldedFabrication/start ttp://www.nickelinstitute.org/ ssSteelandotherJoiningMethods 9002 ID 1590http://www.improve.it/metro/file.php?file /1/Papers/Metallurgy of Welding Processes/Joint /issf/non-imagefiles/PDF/Euro Inox/Adhesive bonding dstainless.org/Files/issf/non-imagefiles/PDF/ISSF Stainless Steel for okumente/en/broschueren/Structural 1845694357Joining Stainless SteelsReferences on Joining11
Very comprehensive documents are available, seethe list of referencesJoining Stainless Steels2 - FabricationRef 1 is a training course dedicated to thefabrication of stainless steelsChapter 2 lists a number of applications inarchitecture, building and construction: fabricationof all shapes and finishes is achieved routinelytoday12
Stainless Steel Melting and Rollinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v 5zwgI-pQ6kE Shearing and Bendinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v VMu7 W0QE3Y Water Jet l Deep Drawinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v n-ht 5Ysurc Wire Bending Machinehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v kDoSDiiZx6U Spring Forming Machinehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v SwY-RT4DBxY Roll Forminghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v 44XD5mZoM 0 Machining (milling)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v LDxNDWObTygJoining Stainless SteelsVideos on ProcessesMore videos are readily available on the net13
a.info/download oa.info/download files/stainlesssteel/Duplex Stainless Steel 3rd f/non-imagefiles/PDF/ISSF The Ferritic Solution English.pdfJoining Stainless SteelsReferences on Fabrication14
Test your knowledge of stainless steel here:https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/3BVK2X6Joining Stainless SteelsThank you15
Joining & Fabrication of. Stainless Steels. 1. Joining Stainless Steels Contents 1. Joining 2. Fabrication 2. Joining Stainless Steels 1 - Joining Applicable joining processes: all of them! 3 Process (Refs) Videos. Preferred process for. Welding (1-5) (widely used) MIG Welding TIG Welding W
