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Waste Management Plan for theTechnological University of Panama:Campus Victor Levi SassoSubmitted by:Leo GrandeDylan McKillipJohn O’LearyColette RudenAn Interactive Qualifying Project proposal submitted to theFaculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTEin partial fulfillment of the requirements for theDegree of Bachelor of ScienceDate Submitted: October 11, 2017 .Project Advisors:Professor James ChiarelliProfessor Stephen McCauleyProject Sponsors in Civil Engineering at Universidad Technologica de Panama:Professor Analissa IcazaProfessor Deeyvid Saez
AbstractWith relatively new infrastructure, a rapidly growing population, and a desire for a moresustainable campus, the Technological University of Panama (UTP) seeks to create an advancedwaste management system that accommodates all types of waste. By gathering informationconcerning current waste management, engaging with stakeholders, researching methods forrecycling in Panama, and predicting future waste of the campus, we were able to create acomprehensive waste management plan for UTP emphasizing recycling and incorporating allclassifications of waste.i
AcknowledgmentsWe would like to formally thank the following people who aided in the success and progressionof our Interactive Qualifying Project: Professor Deeyvid Saez, Sponsor, Civil Engineering Professor of UTP Professor Analissa Icaza, Sponsor, Civil Engineering Professor of UTP Doctor Martin Candanedo, Dean, Civil Engineering Department of UTP Professor Stephen McCauley, Advisor, IGSD Professor of WPI Professor James Chiarelli, Advisor, IGSD Professor of WPI Nobdier Barrios, Director, General Services Department of UTP Pedro Martinez, Engineer, Maintenance Department of UTP Judith Barrios, Head of Cafeteria Department of UTP Alessa Stabile, Manager, Environmental Management of Ciudad del Saber Jennifer Tapia, Graduate Student, Civil Engineering of UTP Avril Diaz, Undergraduate Student, Civil Engineering of UTPii
Waste Management Plan for the Technological University ofPanama: Campus Victor Levi SassoThe Technological University of Panama (UTP) was founded in 1981 and is growing at a rapid rate. Withrelatively new infrastructure and a desire for a more sustainable campus, our goal is to create an advancedwaste management system for UTP that appropriately deals with all types of waste. First, we conductedinterviews and a waste audit to understand the location of disposal sites, waste composition on campus, andthe overall waste management process currently in place. To gauge the feasibility of implementing a newwaste management plan, we surveyed students and faculty at UTP, interviewed local recycling companies,and conducted a case study of a campus focused on sustainable initiatives in close proximity to UTP. Withthis qualitative information, along with quantitative information on the amount and composition of waste andthe campus population, we projected the waste management needs of the campus for the coming years. Weused these projections to propose a waste management plan that can accommodate the predicted growth ofthe campus. The plan includes recommendations for recycling stations and bins, strategies for managing allclassifications of waste determined through the waste audit, and communication and training strategies aboutthe new initiative.Did You Know?In Latin America, only 22% of the urbanpopulation has access to waste disposaland collection systems that are safe forthe communities and the environment(Finpro Mexico, 2010).AuthorsAdvisorsLeo Grande, Dylan McKillip,John O’Leary, Colette RudenProfessor Stephen McCauleyProfessor James Chiarelliiii
BackgroundMethodologyTo combat the negative implications ofimproper waste management, individualizedwaste management systems are created to meetthe particular needs of the site. For the fastgrowing area of Panama City, which relies ononly one landfill, named Cerro Patacón, thewaste management challenge is enormous.Cerro Patacón opened in 1987 and within thefirst ten years of operation held 2.5 million tonsof waste (Linowes, Hubert, 2006).actions if they can be feasibly implemented. If awaste management plan is designedappropriately for the waste profile of the site, thesystem can lead to cost savings and a significantreduction of waste going to landfills.On the outskirts of Panama City, theTechnological University of Panama’s maincampus, Victor Levi Sasso, is furthering thedevelopment of sustainable practices. Anemerging concern is the management of waste“Large institutions.play a unique role ingenerated at the university. Since the campusadvancing. waste management systems”opened in 1981, all waste has been combined ina dump truck owned by the school and broughtLarge institutions such as universities, hospitals, to Cerro Patacón. As a new university with aand military bases can play a unique role inrapidly growing campus population, currently atadvancing more effective, large-scale waste16,000 members, UTP has recognized the needmanagement systems. These more innovativefor developing an adequate waste managementsystems are typically created for these settingssystem for the growing needs of the community.since they tend to deal with large amounts ofwaste that impact budgeting and environmental “Develop a waste management plan, including afootprints. Large institutions are often viewedrecycling station, for the Campus Victor Levi Sassoas a role model for the community and manyof the Technological University of Panama”citizens may therefore be willing to mimic theirThe goal of this project was to develop a wastemanagement plan that would includerecommendations for the collection and disposalof all types of waste on the campus, detailsabout the recycling process, and communicationand training to support the new proposedinitiatives. We achieved this goal by assessingthe current waste management system at UTP,engaging with key stakeholders, projectingwaste management needs at UTP, anddeveloping a waste management plan for UTP.Assessed the Current Waste ManagementSystem at UTPThis gave our team the foundation of knowledgenecessary to determine the scope of our wastemanagement plan. We interviewed the GeneralServices, Cafeteria, and Maintenancedepartments of the university and conducted awaste audit to determine the composition andamount of waste being produced.Engaged with Key StakeholdersThis objective enabled us to understand thefeasibility and acceptance of a new wastemanagement plan on campus. We interviewedrecycling companies around Panama, surveyedstudents and faculty at UTP concerningrecycling habits and communication strategies,and conducted a case study of a campus focusedon sustainable initiatives close to UTP.Projected Waste Management Needs at UTPFigure ES1: Current Waste Management Process at UTPWe estimated the quantity of waste UTP willpotentially produce, and the cost of this wastedisposal. Using projections of campusiv
population for the next 4 years, we estimated thequantity that UTP will send to Cerro Patacón aswell as the price.Developed a Waste Management Plan forUTP‘‘Our final objective was to create a wastemanagement plan for the campus. This includedrecommendations for collecting, sorting, andmethods of communication and training aboutsustainable practices. Our plan incorporatessuggestions that are mainly focused on solid,electronic, organic, and recyclable waste.Findings and AnalysisWaste AuditBy completing the waste audit, our team wasable to document the percent composition ofFigure ES3: Projected Waste per year to 2020waste by category. These statistics provided anestimate of the actual composition of waste.Since Cerro Patacón and most recyclingProjectionsRecycling Habitscompanies we contacted use weight to figure theUsing the trend line from our projectedThe campus survey provided insight into thecost of disposal, we thought it appropriate to dopopulation and the calculated average waste perrecycling habits and possible acceptance of aour measurements in the same fashion.person per year, which we found to be 41.07recycling initiative. A key question asked waspounds, we projected the amount of waste that“Do you recycle elsewhere?” We received 85responses with 71.8% of students stating they do may be seen in the coming years on UTP’scampus. We also projected the cost of wastenot recycle elsewhere, but that 95.3% areinterested in recycling. These results illustrated disposal based on the total waste projection.This helped us develop a waste managementthe necessary addition of communication andplan that would accommodate all classificationstraining to our proposed waste managementof waste from the audit and the volumes.plan.Figure ES2: Waste Audit Data (% By Weight)“71.8% of students do not recycle elsewhere”v
Waste Management PlanRecyclingSolidWe are suggesting the addition of recycling binsthat incorporate the sorting of paper, plastic,metal, and other trash along with a warehouse tostore the waste material in different wastecategories. The bins use differently shaped andsized holes to indicate which type of waste goesin each section. The bags within the recyclingbins should be clear so that workers in thewarehouse can easily see the contents of the bag.Within the warehouse, there should bedesignated locations for the bags of paper,plastic, and metal waste while the solid wastecan continue to be taken to Cerro Patacón. Werecommend that UTP makes a sustainabilityclub, or “green team”, that would assist withsorting recyclables in the warehouse and helpspread the word about recycling around campus.Solid waste was found to be one of the biggestcomponents of total waste, mainly comprised ofStyrofoam take-out containers from thecafeteria, solid waste from the bathroom thatwas not flushed, and wrappers. We haverecommended two courses of action for the takeout containers, biodegradable and reusableFigure ES5: Highly Recommended Postercontainers. For the solid waste from thebathroom, we recommend an initiative toCommunication and Trainingencourage flushing bathroom waste.The survey on recycling habits for the membersat UTP revealed that 71% of people on campusElectronicdo not recycle in their everyday lives. BecauseIf there is a rise in electronic waste on theof this, our team decided upon a form ofcampus, we recommend a system for reducingcommunity outreach to raise awareness onand reusing electronic material. The reuse policy campus involving a poster campaign andcan then prompt the use of extra electronics as a supplementary informative flyer. Seven postersdemonstration in the classroom or as additional were presented to the community, and four wereparts that could be used in the lab.rated as highly desirable. The posters weredesigned for different purposes and locationsOrganicaround campus. Some are meant for a quickWe are recommending the addition of a specific absorption of information and will be placed inbin for organic waste in the cafeteria toareas of low loitering times, such as hallways.communicate the goal of the initiative beforeOthers will be placed in areas with a higherstarting to compost. Our suggestion forloitering time, such as waiting areas and outsidecomposting includes two types, windrow and in- of elevators, that provide more in-depthvessel composting. Although an initialinformation. The supplementary informativeinvestment would be required for the purchaseflyer is meant as a more individualized approachof composting containers or the clearance offor advertising the ideals and benefits ofland, the savings from disposing of cafeteriarecycling. This will hopefully be passed out bywaste could be reinvested into this campaign.teachers and the green team we recommend beestablished on campus.Figure ES4: Proposed Warehouse Design“Separation at the source is key”vi
ConclusionSummary of proposed plan:As seen in Figure ES6, our proposed planincludes all categories of waste at UTP. On the 18% of waste is recyclable, which will now be right, chemical and biohazardous waste maintaintheir respective processes currently going on atgoing to FAS Panama 42% of the waste is organic, which will now be the university. On the left are the wasteclassifications that will be sorted at the recyclinggoing to UTP’s garden areabins. Paper, plastic, and metal will be sorted and 41% of the waste will still be going to Cerrothen taken to the warehouse at UTP. From there,Patacón classified as solid and electronicthe university maintenance drivers will take the 60% of the waste currently going to Cerrowaste to FAS Panama which consists of 18% ofPatacón will now be reducedthe waste on campus.Possible effects of proposed wastemanagement plan:Organic waste will only be sorted in thecafeterias, and will then be taken to the gardenand composted for further use. This processconsists of 42% of the waste on campus. Lastly,solid and electronic waste will be taken to CerroPatacón and consists of 40% on campus.With UTP’s leading position in sustainability,the implementation of a new waste managementplan will aid in the reduction of theirenvironmental footprint. This type of initiativecan further this position for UTP to also becomea recognized leader in waste management for thecoming years.Figure ES7: Presentation for UTP’sadministration and staffFigure ES6: Illustration of Proposed Waste Management Planvii
AuthorshipSection 1: Introduction:AllSection 2: Background2.1 Urbanization and Waste Management in Latin AmericaColette and John2.2 Cerro Patacón: Panama City’s Only LandfillColette2.3 Waste Management at Large InstitutionsAll2.4 The Technological University of Panama: Emerging Leader of SustainabilityLeoSection 3: Methodology3.1 Assessed the Current Waste Management System at UTP3.2 Engage with Key Stakeholders3.3 Projected Waste Management Needs at UTP3.4 Develop a Waste Management Plan for UTPSection 4: Findings4.1 Current Waste Management at UTP4.2 Stakeholder Engagement4.3 Projected Waste Management Needs of UTPSection 5: Recommended Waste Management Plans for UTP5.1 Recommendations for Solid Waste5.2 Recommendations for Electronic Waste5.3 Recommendations for Organic Waste5.4 Recommendations for Recycling Management5.5 Communication and Training5.6 Summary of Proposed Waste Management PlanDylan and JohnColette and JohnDylanColetteDylan and JohnLeo and ColetteDylan and JohnColette and JohnJohnDylan and ColetteAllLeoLeoChapter 6: ConclusionAllLead ReviewerLeoviii
Table of ble of ContentsixList of FiguresxiList of TablesxiiSection 1: IntroductionxiiSection 2: Background2.1 Urbanization and Waste Management in Latin America2.2 Cerro Patacón: Panama City’s Only Landfill2.3 Waste Management at Large Institutions2.4 The Technological University of Panama: Emerging Leader of Sustainability33458Section 3: Methodology3.1 Assess the Current Waste Management System at UTPInterview ProcessWaste Audit3.2 Engage with Key Stakeholders3.3 Project Waste Management Needs at UTP3.4 Develop a Waste Management Plan for UTP11111112141415Section 4: Findings and Analysis4.1 Current Waste Management at UTPDisposal Sites on CampusWaste CompositionCurrent Waste Management Processes at UTP4.2 Stakeholder EngagementSurvey ResultsResponses from Recycling CompaniesResults from Ciudad del Saber Case Study4.3 Projected Waste Management Needs of UTP15161617181919212325Section 5: Recommended Waste Management Plans for UTP5.1 Recommendations for Solid Waste3131ix
5.2 Recommendations for Electronic Waste5.3 Recommendations for Organic Material5.4 Recommendations for Recycling ManagementOverall ProcessRecycling BinsLaborIncurred Cost5.5 Communication and TrainingPoster CampaignInformative Flyer5.6 Summary of Proposed Waste Management Plan3333353537393940414344Section 6: Conclusion46Section 7: ReferencesAppendix A: Survey for the General Services DepartmentAppendix B: Summary of Interview with General ServicesAppendix C: Population Data for 2016Appendix D: Survey for the Cafeteria DepartmentAppendix E: Summary of Answers from CafeteriaAppendix F: Summary from Interview with Pedro Martinez and Victor ValdezAppendix G: Follow up questions from 9/6Appendix H: Raw Data From Waste AuditAppendix I: Poster Survey QuestionsAppendix J: Questions for Waste Management CompaniesAppendix K: Further General Service QuestionsAppendix L: Alessa Stabile’s Contact Information48505253555658596062666768x
List of FiguresFigure 1: Section of the UTP Garden AreaFigure 2: Weighing Sorted TrashFigure 3: Example Disposal Site at UTPFigure 4: UTP Disposal Site Locations and Sample ImageFigure 5: Composition of Waste Observed in the Waste Audit (% By Weight)Figure 6: “Would You Recycle?” ResultsFigure 7: “Do You Recycle Elsewhere?” ResultsFigure 8: Results of Posters LIKED and DISLIKEDFigure 9: Sorting Warehouse at Ciudad del SaberFigure 10: Total Waste by Month 2015 - August 2017Figure 11: UTP Population Projections To 2020Figure 12: Projected Waste Per Year to 2020Figure 13: Projected Cost of Waste per Year to 2020Figure 14: WPI Reusable Container InitiativeFigure 15: Example of windrow compostingFigure 16: Example of in-vessel compostingFigure 17: Proposed Warehouse DesignFigure 18: Recycling Bin RecommendationFigure 19: Highly Recommended (Top) and Recommended (Bottom) PostersFigure 20: Informative FlyerFigure 21: Illustration of Proposed Waste Management Plan91316171820212224293030313335363739434546xi
List of TablesTable 1: Waste ClassificationsTable 2: “If You Do Recycle Elsewhere, Where?” ResponsesTable 3: Waste Weight and Cost 2015Table 4: Waste Weight and Cost 2016Table 5: Waste Weight and Cost JAN-AUG 2017Table 6: Components that will Incur CostTable 7: Like/Dislike Poster DifferentialsTable 8: Overall RecommendationsTable 9: Possible Effects of Proposed Waste Management Plan52126272841424747xii
Section 1: IntroductionIn Latin America, only 22% of the urban population has access to waste disposal andcollection systems that are safe for the communities and the environment (Finpro Mexico, 2010).Unsafe waste management systems bring forth harmful conditions that can incorporate pollutionand disease. To combat the negative implications of this problem, individualized wastemanagement systems are created to meet the needs of the consumer. Systems are most effectivewhen they are designed to accommodate the particular volume, type, and collection of wastegenerated by the growing population.Today, Panama City relies on one landfill, named Cerro Patacón. It is important toaddress the many issues that may arise when all classifications of waste are treated equally. Forexample, most recyclable materials have long decomposition times and take up a significantamount of space in a landfill. The runoff coming from the landfill is also detrimental to theenvironment with its potential to contaminate groundwater. Since a portion of the waste isbiologically hazardous, such as used bandages, needles, and chemicals, these issues arecompounded and illustrate the problems associated with large landfills. The appropriate sortingof waste products can greatly reduce the amount of recyclable and reusable materials going tolandfills and can mitigate against harmful chemicals entering the environment. In turn, this canpositively influence the wildlife and citizens living in close proximity to these landfills byreducing local air and groundwater pollution from landfill sites.Large institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and military bases, can play a uniquerole in advancing waste management systems. Large-scale waste management systems aretypically created for these settings since they tend to deal with large amounts of waste thatimpact budgeting and environmental footprints. If a waste management plan is designedappropriately for the waste profile of a site, the system can lead to cost savings and a significantreduction of waste going to landfills. Furthermore, an exemplary waste management plan canhelp an institution become a leader in sustainability initiatives and demonstrate best practices.This is because large institutions are often viewed as a role model for the community and manycitizens may therefore be willing to mimic their actions if they can be feasibly implemented.1
On the outskirts of Panama City, the Technological University of Panama’s maincampus, Victor Levi Sasso, is furthering the development of sustainable practices. An emergingconcern is the management of waste generated at the university. Since the campus opened in1981, all waste has been combined in a dump truck owned by the school and brought to theCerro Patacón landfill. As a new university with a rapidly growing campus population, currentlyat 16,000 members, UTP has recognized the need to develop an adequate waste managementsystem for the growing needs of the community. This system will be needed to accommodate thegrowing population of the university while also adopting a more innovative waste managementsystem that will reduce the impacts of the waste generated by the growing population.The goal of our project is to create recommendations for a waste management plan forUTP’s Victor Levi Sasso Campus. The steps we took to achieve this goal were to understand thecurrent waste management system in place at UTP, explore the feasibility and acceptance of anew system, and design the methodology of establishing a new system that encompasses a moresustainable and environmentally friendly approach. We coordinated with faculty to produceestimates of the waste coming from the campus in future years, developed methods of divertingthis waste away from Cerro Patacón, and created recommendations for a comprehensive wastemanagement system.2
Section 2: BackgroundThroughout Latin America, communities are becoming aware of the need for moreefficient systems to manage the growing volume of waste being produced. There have beensuccessful attempts at creating advanced systems, but sometimes a developing community maynot have the infrastructure available to construct an effective system. When mishandled, wastecan alter the relationship between the environment and surrounding communities. As PanamaCity’s population and economy grows, the research around advancing their waste managementprocess has been a top priority.2.1 Urbanization and Waste Management in Latin AmericaAccording to Atilio Savino, writer for Waste Management World, “Latin Americagenerates around 522,000 tonnes of waste per day, its average being 0.9 kg/day per person.”Savino also illustrates the struggle behind proper waste management in Latin America, with thestatistic showing that only 30% of the waste collected in these countries has a formal, clean, andenvironmentally conscious final collection site (Savino, 2015). Landfills in these areas arerunning out of space for more trash, which displays the difficult issue of finding a large piece ofopen land for a new landfill. With the increase in urbanization, many citizens of Latin Americaare moving closer to the cities and establishing settlements on available land. This means peopleare starting to live closer to the landfills, which can disturb their lives due to the smell and fumescoming from the waste. The open areas also attract unhealthy environments including insects,vermin, and disease (Wrap, n.d). In many countries of Latin America, waste management iscoordinated on a municipal basis rather than by private companies. In many cases municipalitiesface challenges in expanding services and infrastructures rapidly enough to accommodategrowth. It is also difficult to arrange if the city does not have the financial resources to providewaste collection coverage for the entire population. If citizens feel as though they cannot rely onthe waste management system in place, it has been shown that they take it into their own handsto provide waste collection sites. This leads to the creation of informal landfills that may not besafe for the environment or people living in close proximity.3
The multiple occurrences of underdeveloped waste management systems, within LatinAmerican countries and elsewhere, can lead to a global impact. Gases produced from the wasteonce placed into the landfill, such as CH4, contribute to global warming. About 90% of theemissions from waste come from landfills around the world. This accounts for about 18% ofhuman-induced global greenhouse gas emissions, which has risen from 14% in 2004 (Savino,2015).2.2 Cerro Patacón: Panama City’s Only LandfillCerro Patacón, the only landfill serving Panama City, opened in 1987 and within the firstten years of operation held 2.5 million tons of waste. By 1998, the country felt the consequencesof this landfill and its quick accumulation of waste when it caught fire and burned for nine days.With the mixture of various chemicals, due to the lack of separation of trash within the facility,deadly fumes sent over 25 people to the hospital. Dirección Metropolitana de Aseo (DIMA or theMetropolitan Department of Cleanliness) is a government entity that is responsible for collecting,transporting, and disposing of waste at Cerro Patacón, and therefore drew public attention whenthis fire occurred (Linowes, Hubert, 2006).Since Panama relies mostly on landfills, the waste related pollution is mainly found inwater sources and air pollution. For example, Cerro Patacón has three large ponds where leachateis stored. Leachate is the term used to describe the liquid byproduct or runoff of decomposingwaste. The local government is setting new standards for the landfill’s operations because of theconcern regarding contamination of water sources from the leachate ponds (“Cerro PatacónLandfill”, n.d). With only about 90% of the population having access to potable drinking waterin Panama, contamination of water is a strong focus for sustainability groups. Furthermore, thegreenhouse gases and production of methane from Cerro Patacón are detrimental to theenvironment and people’s health. It has been shown that when food scraps are put into landfills,the methane produced is 70% stronger at trapping heat than other greenhouse gasses (“Benefitsof Composting”,n.d).In the area of Panama City, Cerro Patacón is known as a modern sanitation facility. Thisis because it was one of the first landfills planned to serve the entirety of Panama City and thesurrounding areas. Another reason Cerro Patacón was seen as modern was because of a law4
stating that scavengers would not be allowed to pick through the garbage brought to the landfill.However, scavengers are still seen on a daily basis searching for items worth selling. After thefire, DIMA started to sort trash, but only distinguished between materials that could be burnedand those that could not. They also saw scavengers as a way to generate income from the wastecoming to Cerro Patacón. This was the first recycling “initiative” seen within Panama’s wastemanagement system. About 35 scavengers and their families were paid to go through trash andresell items they found. Linowes and Hubert suggest that the government tolerated the informalrevenue from these practices and saw no reason to change waste practices, in spite of the healthand environmental risks they presented (Linowes, Hubert, 2006).The history of waste collection and management at Cerro Patacón reflects thepredominant waste management practices throughout the country. Institutions have becomeaccustomed to combining all waste with little focus on modern practices in their wastemanagement system. However, the work at Cerro Patacón demonstrated the country’s growinginterest in creating an innovative approach to waste management.2.3 Waste Management at Large InstitutionsInstitutions, as mentioned in the Introduction, face a unique challenge due to the largeamounts of waste that accumulate and impact their administration. To effectively deal with thismassive amount of waste being acquired in a short period of time, these organizations have tofirst address the classification of this waste. For these settings, waste can generally becategorized into six broad categories. These categories are electronic, biological, chemical,recyclable, solid, and organic, as seen in Table 1 below, and can be modified depending on thewaste found at any given institution (“Waste Management Plan”, n.d).5
Table 1: Waste ClassificationsElectronicAppliances, office, information and communication equipment, as well asanything with electrical components or circuit boardsBiologicalWaste that contains anything with the chance to spread diseases or infectionsincluding but not limited to used bandages, needles, and bloodChemicalAny chemicals, hazardous or not, that are produced on any scale and thendisposed ofRecyclableGlass, metal, paper, and certain plastic materials that can be reused or brokendown and reformedOrganicAnything containing carbon, including food, paper, and oilsSolidAny waste that is not organic or recyclable which is put in a landfill (eg.styrofoam, food wrappers)An example of an institutional waste management system can be seen at St. John’sUniversity in the United States. Its waste management plan “is intended to provide a roadmap forthe proper management of wastes generated.” This plan breaks up the waste into six categories:chemical, special, universal, red bag/medical, radiological, and regular trash. Within eachcategory, the type of trash that complies with the standards of the university is clear and easy tounderstand. Once the type of waste has been determined, the information regarding handling,storage, and disposal is readily available for users. The university also describes the departmentwhich oversees the maintenance of the plan throughout the year. This department is known as theEnvironmental, Health and Safety department and its contact information is clearly markedwithin the plan in case there are questions regarding waste disposal or the content within thewritten waste management
the current waste management system at UTP, engaging with key stakeholders, projecting waste management needs at UTP, and developing a waste management plan for UTP. Assessed the Current Waste Management System at UTP This gave our team the foundation of knowledge necessary to determine the scope of our waste management plan.
