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PROCEEDINGSof the American Academy of Forensic SciencesContentsFinancial Disclosure Index .3Special Sessions .18Breakfast Seminars .20Luncheon Seminars.24Workshops.25Scientific SessionsCriminalistics.39Engineering Sciences.155General.188Jurisprudence .222Odontology .234Pathology/Biology .257Physical Anthropology .321Psychiatry & Behavioral Science .389Questioned Documents.403Toxicology .411Last Word.441Presenting Author Index .448Key Word Index .454February 2007Volume XIII
Financial DisclosureAs a sponsor of continuing education, the American Academy of Forensic Sciences must insure balance, independence, objectivity, and scientificrigor in all its educational activities. All faculty participating in a sponsoring activity are expected to disclose to the activity audience anysignificant financial interest or other relationship: (1) with the manufacturer(s) of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercialservices discussed in an educational presentation, and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. (Significant financial interest or otherrelationship can include such things as grants or research support, employee, consultant, major stockholder, member of speaker’s bureaus, etc.)The intent of this disclosure is not to prevent a speaker with a significant financial or other relationship from making a presentation, but rather toprovide listeners with information on which they can make their own judgments. It remains for the audience to determine whether the speaker’sinterest or relationships may influence the presentation with regard to the exposition or conclusion. The executed Financial Disclosure Forms areon file in the AAFS Office.As an accredited provider of Continuing Medical Education, the American Academy of Forensic Sciences is required to ask speakers to discloseany real or apparent conflict of interest they may have as related to the contents of their presentation(s). The existence of commercial or financialinterests of authors related to the subject matter of their presentation(s) should not be construed as implying bias or decreasing the value of theirpresentation(s); however, disclosure should help participants form their own judgments.If an author has failed to provide a complete disclosure of the discussion of commercial products, a relationship with the manufacturer includingan employee/employer relationship, and/or the discussion of unlabeled or unapproved uses of pharmaceuticals/medical devices, AAFS has madedisclosure based on the content of the submission and abstract. Additionally and to comply with continuing education accreditation requirements,AAFS has provided a disclaimer in the printed materials provided to attendees notifying them that the presentation may contain commercial bias.AJoNell N. Aarons, BS - B3Supelco (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Ahmad A. Abdelkarim, DDS - F19Aribex (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Elizabeth J. Abraham, MA, MSc - G78Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Nancy S. Adams, BSRS - D32Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.James M. Adcock, PhDDiscloses no financial relationships with commercial entities - S2Eli Lilly, Forest, GSK, Pfizer, Wyeth (Discussion of CommercialProducts or Services) - W16Eli Lilly (Discussion of Unlabeled/Investigational Use ofProduct/Device) - W16Bamidele Adeagbo, MD - G90Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.William K. Adkins, MSFS - B145Crime Laboratory Bureau (Other Financial/Material Support)Abacus Diagnostics, Inc., Phadebas (Discussion of Commercial Productsor Services)Ivo Alberink, PhD - W20Netherlands Forensic Institute Ministry of Justice (Employee)Djordje M. Alempijevic, MD, PhD - G45Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Peter Alexander, PhD - C9Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Russell T. Alexander, MD - G20Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Bridget Algee-Hewitt, MA - H107Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Bruce E. Anderson, PhD - H4SurveyMonkey (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Bryce O. Anderson, PhD - G44Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.J. Christopher Anderson, JD - W6Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Robert D. Anderson, MS - C6Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Janet l. Anderson-Seaquist, MS - K26Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Lori Andrews, JD - S1Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Arthur T. Anthony, BS - J3Adobe Systems, Inc. (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Sewit K. Araia - K47McNair Scholar Program (Other Financial/Material Support)Patricia A. Aronica-Pollak, MD - G41Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jorge L. Arredondo Marin, MD - G52Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Luis Arroyo, MSc - B39Agilent Technologies, Cetac, Joel, New Wave Research, Perkin Elmer,Thermo Electron (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Ponni Arunkumar, MD - G27Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Christopher H. Asplen, JD - W9National Forensic Science Technology Center (Paid Consultant)Richard H. Auchus, MD, PhD - W14Auxilium, Solvary (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services andDiscussion of Unlabeled/Investigational Use of Product/Device)Amy R. Aylor, BS - B56National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)BRonald C. Backer, PhD - W22Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Michael M. Baden, MD - E1Taser International, Inc. (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Dalia Bagby, MS - B85Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.James A. Bailey, PhD - D41Nikon, Tiffen (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Joan E. Baker, PhD - H69Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central IdentificationLaboratory (Employee)Lori E. Baker, PhD - H66Mexico’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Grant Support)A. Thambirajah Balachandra, MBBS - G31Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Axelle Balgairies - D2Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jose P. Baraybar, MSc - H73Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.E. Thomas Barham, Jr., JD - W8DNA Security, Inc. (Sponsored Travel)Peter D. Barnett, BS - B119Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Heidi D. Barron, BS - B44National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)3
Martha S. Bashford, JD - BS4Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Nick I. Batalis, MD - G46AVIDA Centaur, Beckman Coulter (Discussion of CommercialProducts or Services)Scott D. Batterman, PhD - S2Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Carolyn M. Bayer-Broring, BA, MFS - J7Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jennifer M. Beach - B173National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)Jennifer L. Beatty, MSFS, JD - H70Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Nicole Beebe, MS - W4Access Data, Guidance Software, Quality Forensics, Inc., TechnologyPathways, LLC, X-Ways Software Technology AG (Discussion ofCommercial Products or Services)Richard Beehler, DMD - F7Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.William R. Belcher, PhD - H93Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (Employee)Suzanne C. Bell, PhD - B196Smith’s Detection (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Mark Benecke, PhD - B147Lumatec (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Jacquelyn Benfield, BS - B104Applied Biosystems, Inc. (Employee and Discussion of CommercialProducts or Services)David M. Benjamin, PhDDefendants in the law suit (Paid Consultant) - K4Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities - K36Gregory E. Berg, MA - H54Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central IdentificationLaboratory (Employee)Charles E. Berner, DDS - F41Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.William Bernet, MD - I1Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Hugh E. Berryman, PhD - H106Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jason R. Besecker, BS - B142Environmental Protection Agency (Grant Support)Marcus Besser, PhD - C28Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jonathan D. Bethard, MA - H32, H43Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Sarah L. Bettinger, MSFS - G65Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (Employee)Douglas J. Beussman, PhD - B47Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Joan M. Bienvenue, BS, MS - B69Applied Biosystems, Inc., Invitrogen (Discussion of CommercialProducts or Services) - B69Applied Biosystems, Inc. (Discussion of Commercial Productsor Services) - B68, B205Stephen B. Billick, MD - I3Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Walter H. Birkby, PhD - D43Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Robert D. Blackledge, MS - B110Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.J.P. Blair, PhD - I24Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Brian Blaquiere - F34Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Herbert L. Blitzer, MBA - W10Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Lee M. Blum, PhD - K39Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Christopher R. Bommarito, MSP - B37National Institute of Justice, Midwest Forensic Resource Center(Grant Support)Alltech, Dionex, Phenomenex (Discussion of Commercial Productsor Services)4Michelle D. Bonnette, BS - B66National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)Amersham Biosciences (GE Healthcare), Applied Biosystems, Inc.(Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Joseph P. Bono, MA - B119, B120Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Chad R. Borges, PhD - W3Agilent Technologies, Applied Biosystems, Inc., Micromass, WatersCorporation (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Frederick A. Bornhofen, BS - D43Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Alan Bosnar, MD, PhD - G26Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports/Republic of Croatia(Grant Support)Megan N. Bottegal, BS - B88Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Allison Bouwman, BA - H42Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Robin T. Bowen, BS, MA - B121National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)Larry D. Bowers, PhD - W14Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Victoria L. Bowyer, MSc - B113Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Melissa A. Brassell, MD - G30Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Angelika Braun, PhD - D29Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Meisha Bray - H79Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Julie M. Braza, MD - G39Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Charles H. Brenner, PhD - B200Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Scott A. Bresler, PhD - I25Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Thomas A. Brettell, PhD - B46Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Candice M. Bridge, BS - B42National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)Ocean Optics (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Eileen M. Briley, BS - B89ATF (Employee)Alan E. Brill, MBA - W4Kroll Ontrack (Employee)AccessData, Apple Computer Corporation, Guidance Software,Kroll Ontrack, Microsoft Corporation (Discussion of CommercialProducts or Services)Toni B. Brinck, MSc. - B93Forensic Technology, Inc. (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Lorne L. Brooks - D6Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Melodie A. Brooks, BSN - D60Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Helmut G. Brosz, PEng - C56Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Katherine M. Brown, MA - D16Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Richard S. Brown, MS - C34Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Steven H. Brumm, MS - D6Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Melody A. Buba, BS - W10Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Hilary S. Buchanan, MSc - B49EPSRC (Grant Support)Bruce Budowle, PhD - B192, W18Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Eric J. Bukowski, PhD - E13Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Sandra E. Burkhardt, MD - G2Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Melissa R. Burky - B141Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.
Arthur S. Burns, DDS - F34Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Karen R. Burns, PhD - LW8Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.JoAnn Buscaglia, PhD - B192Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Donna M. Bush, PhD - K2Axiom Diagnostics, Inc., Microgenics Corporation (Discussion ofCommercial Products or Services)Mary A. Bush, DDSAmerican Society of Forensic Odontology (Grant Support) - F253M, ESPE, Coe Laboratories, Columbus Dent, Dentsply Caulk, GCAmerica, Heraeus Kulzer, ICI, Ivoclar Vivadent, Johnston and Johnston,Kerr, Parkell, Pennwalt, Phasealloy, Inc., SDI, Ultradent, VOCO,Whaledent (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services) - F253M ESPE, Dentsply Caulk, GC America, Heraeus Kulzer, IvoclarVivadent, Kerr - W11Peter J. Bush, BS - W11Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jason H. Byrd, PhD - S2Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jason H. Byrd, PhD - W23Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jillian Byrd, BS - D47CAO Group (Grant Support)CAO Group, Evident, Inova, Melles Griot, Spex Forensics, Tiffen,Ultralight (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)John E. Byrd, PhD - H51Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Douglas E. Byron, BS - W17Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.CCassandra D. Calloway, MS - B183National Institute of Justice (Grant Support)Carlo P. Campobasso, MD, PhD - G3, G4Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Heather A. Cannon - G38Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Michael J. Caplan, MD - G56, G90Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.William Cardasis, MD - I26Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Eric J. Carita, MS - W15Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Katie M. Carlson, BS - D46Virginia Department of Forensic Science (Other Financial/Material Support)Federal, Ruger (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Douglas J. Carpenter, MS - W17Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Marla E. Carroll, BS - W10Unilux Ltd; Clearview Communications (Employee and Discussion ofUnlabeled/Investigational Use of Product/Device)David O. Carter, PhD - G69Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Mary E.S. Case, MD - I1Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Michael J. Cassel, MS - B79Applied Biosystems, Inc. (Employee)Applied Biosystems, Inc., Tecan Schweiz AG (Other Financial/MaterialSupport and Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Rudy J. Castellani, MD - G111Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Waleska Castro, MS - B148Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Michele J. Catellier, MDIndiana University (Employee) - G86Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities. - G116Karen R. Cebra, MS, MSFS - H47California State University at Chico (Employee)Mario J. Cellarosi, BA, MS - C20National Institute of Technology (Employee)* Presenting AuthorSalih Cengiz, PhD - B139Research Fund of Istanbul University (Grant Support)Hewlett Packard (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Disclosed for author by AAFS.Shirley C. Chacón, BA - H90Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Jarrod R. Champagne, BS - B67Applied Biosystems, Amersham Biosciences (GE HealthCare), Qiagen(Discussion of Commercial Products or Services) - B67Alconex, Inc., Applied Biosystems, Inc., Invitrogen, Edge Biosystems,GeneCodes Corporation, Kentes Glass, Inc., Marligen Bioscience, Inc.(Discussion of Commercial Products or Services) - B180Peter Y. Chan, BSc - G29Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Ching-Sheng Chang - C1Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Katharine A. Chapman, BA - H28Bexar County Medical Examiner’s Office, Comal County Sheriff’sDepartment (Other Financial/Material Support) IZH, Winchester Arms Co.(Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Carole E. Chaski, PhD - C51, I18Chaski Linguistic Consulting (Employee and Discussion of CommercialProducts or Services)Patrick Cho, MD - G62Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Alexander F. Christensen, PhDJoint POW/MIA Accounting Command (Employee) - H93, W5Angi M. Christensen, PhD - H100Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Albert Y. Chu, MD, MHS - G9Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Fu-Shiung Chuang, PhDc - J17Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Dennis J. Chute, MD - G8Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Frank A. Ciaccio, MPA - H67Kenyon International Emergency Services, Inc. (Employee andDiscussion of Commercial Products or Services)Douglas Clark, BA, BS - B127State of Florida Type II Center Funding (Grant Support)James H. Clarke, PhDDepartment of Energy/CRESP (Grant Support) - C21Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities - C24, E16Brandi L. Clelland, PhD - K48DPX Labs, LLC (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Timothy Clouatre - E1Taser International, Inc. (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Michael D. Coble, PhDThe National Institutes of Justice (Other Financial/Material Support) - B182Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (Employee) - W5Kenneth F. Cohrn, DDS - F33Adobe Systems, Inc. (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Jessica L. Coleman, MFS - B22Federal Government (Employee)Procter & Gamble (Discussion of Commercial Products or Services)Joanna L. Collins, MFS - D18Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Peter Collins, MD - I13Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entities.Derek R. Congram, MSc, MA - H72Discloses no financial relationships with commercial entitie
disclosure based on the content of the submission and abstract. Additionally and to comply with continuing education accredita tion requirements, AAFS has provided a disclaimer in the printed materials provided to attendees notifyin
