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RENEWABLE ENERGYEVALUATION TOOLSAndy Walker, PhD PEPrincipal Engineer, NRELRenewable Energy Round TableMay 2, 2012NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND SCREENING TOOLS WE USE IN OUR PROJECTSRENEWABLESUPPLY SIDEVEHICLES& ASTRUCTURE2
Renewable Energy TechnologiesPhotovoltaicsWind PowerSolar Water Heating9Solar Vent Air PreheatDaylightingConcentrating SolarHeat/PowerGround Source HeatPumpBiomass Heat/PowerLandfill Gas9
Renewable Energy ResourcesGeographical Information System (GIS) Datasets10 NREL Datasets (http://www.nrel.gov/gis/)– solar radiation 10x10 km grid Horizontal,South-facingvertical,tilt latitude– Wind Energy 200mx1000m grid– Biomass Resources– Illuminance for Daylighting– Temperature and Heating Degree DaysPurchased Datasets– utility rates (wholesale/retail) for each serviceterritory and customer class (residential,industrial, commercial) (Platts)– City Cost Adjustments (RS Means & Co.)Location Independent– State and utility incentives and utility policy(from www.DSIREUSA.org)– Installed Hardware Costs from NRELtechnology databook– Economic Parameters (discount rate, inflationrate) .html10
Photovoltaics Tools Solar Energy Resources– NREL http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/– TMY or Weather Data http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old data/nsrdb/1991-2005/tmy3/ Solar PV Analytical Tools–Solar Advisor Model (SAM) https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sam/–HOMER https://analysis.nrel.gov/homer/–PVWatts http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/pvwatts/– IMBY http://www.nrel.gov/eis/imby/11
PV Watts Version 1– Users select a location from a map or text list of pre-determinedlocations throughout the worldVersion 2– Users to select any location in the United States12
PV Watts v1 Select a locationSelect default values or inputcustomized system parameters forsize, electric cost, array type, tiltangle, and azimuth angleTypical Meteorological Yearweather data for the selectedlocation (TMY files) used tocalculate incident solar radiationand PV cell temperature for eachhour of the yearPVWatts calculator outputsmonthly values of AC energyproduction (kW) expected fromthe specified PV system13
PV Watts v2 Flex Viewer Solar Atlas Internet Map Server14
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Solar Water Heating Tools Resources– FEMP Solar Hot Water System Calculator http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/femp/solar hotwater system/index.cfm DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy TechnologiesProgram http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/solar heating.html– FEMP Federal Technology Alerts www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/FTA solwat heat.pdf www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/FTA para trough.pdf– FEMP Case Studies www.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/renewable casestudies.html– Resource maps http://www.nrel.gov/gis/solar.html– Solar Radiation Data Manual http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/pubs/redbook16
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SOL OPT- SOLAR OPTIMIZATION TOOLPhotovoltaic (PV)Solar Hot Water (SHW) Takes building information onthe domestic hot water system,fuel costs, weather data filesand runs an hourly productioncalculation Takes building orientation,electrical usage, electricalrates, weather data files,and runs an hourlyproduction calculationFinds the best mix ofthe two technologies19
System Advisor Model SAM Performance predictions for grid-connected solar,small wind,geothermal power systemsSolar hot water– Economic estimates– cost of generating electricity– type of financing,– applicable tax credits and incentives. Free downloadhttps://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sam/20
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Solar Vent Preheat Resources FEMP Federal Technology Alert– www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/FTA trans coll.pdf– Solar Ventilation Preheating Resources andTechnologies wable svp.html NREL– Solar Process Heat http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re solar process.html– Solar Space Heating Maps http://www.nrel.gov/gis/femp.html#space22
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Levelized Cost of Energy Calculatorhttp://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech lcoe.htmlWeb-based simple LCOEcalculatorCompares alternative toutility purchasedenergyIncludes cost guidancefor PV, wind, SWH,SVP24
FRESA PV, SWH, SVP, and wind Free, web-based toolooooFor federal site energymanagers to quickly screenviabilityEasy to learn, easy to useReturns economic viabilityusing FEMP specifieddiscount rates and energycost escalation rates per10CFR436Savings to investment ratio(SIR), simple payback, energyand cost savings25
REO: Renewable Energy OptimizationOptimizationLife Cycle CostDispatch ical Information System (GIS) DataSite DataIncentive Data from DSIREUSA.ORGTechnology Characteristics.2626
RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIMIZATION (REO)Technical Assessment and Screening – Project ExamplesExample results using the Renewable Energy Optimization to create a“net zero” energy zoo.National Zoological Park (NZP) and Conservation Research Center (CRC), Washington DC160000140000Zoo EntranceAnnual Energy (Mbtu)120000Daylighting (Mbtu)Biomass (Mbtu)100000Solar Themal (Mbtu)80000Solar Water HeatingSolar Vent Preheat (Mbtu)60000Wind (Mbtu)40000Photovoltaics (Mbtu)Other Fuel (Mbtu)20000Natural Gas (Mbtu)Electric (Mbtu)Tai Shan thePanda-40000CaseRE-20000Basecase0Electric generation at CRCCancels remaining gas use at NZP27
REO for Land and Ferry Points of EntrySolar Ventilation Air Preheat(sf)Solar Water Heating (sf)Solar Thermal ParabolicTrough (sf)Solar Thermal Electric (kW)Biomass Gasification Boiler(MBH)Biomass Gasification Cogen(kW)Biomass Anaerobic Digester(ft3)Biomass Anaerobic DigesterCogen (kW)Skylight Area (sf)With 300001.31.8134193000011000Annual Energy (Mbtu)PV (kW)Wind Energy 0500040003000200010000190,951209,666Photovoltaics (Mbtu)Solar Water HeatingAnaerobic Digester (Mbtu)Wind (Mbtu)Solar Thermal (Mbtu)Daylighting (Mbtu)Solar Vent Preheat (Mbtu)Biomass Gasifier (Mbtu)28
Optimization ProblemGradient ReductionEvolutionaryLinear Programming29Minimum LifeCycle CostObjective: Minimize Life Cycle Cost ( )Variables: Size of Each Technology (kW of PV,kW of wind, etc)Baseline – RE 0Constraints: examples:100% energy from renewables(Net Zero) 140M investment limit14 acre land area limit20% carbon reductionThe optimum is often along a constraint.29
HOMERA tool for comparing and evaluatingmicro-power technology options–Community, villages and island powersystems–Stand-alone or grid-connected systems–Conventional technologies (generators,batteries)–Renewable technologies (photovoltaic,wind turbines, fuel cell, CHP)HOMER uses simulation, optimization, and sensitivity analysis to:–––Find the combination of components that can serve a load at the lowest life-cycle costSimulates typical year by performing energy balance calculations for 8,760 hours ( 1 year)Performs sensitivity analysis to show how results can vary given different assumptions3030
Kauai HOMER AnalysisKAUAI HOMER MODELTechnical Assessment and Screening – Project ExamplesKauai Base Case Biomass Landfill gas 4 MW PV31
Thank You!32
May 02, 2012 · – solar radiation 10x10 km grid Horizontal, South-facing vertical, tilt latitude – Wind Energy 200mx1000m grid – Biomass Resources – Illuminance for Daylighting – Temperature and Heating
