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TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTS. xviiPROJECT SPONSORSHIP. xviiABOUT THE AUTHORS. xviiiINTRODUCTION. 1HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE. 3LAMPREY. 4Arctic lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticumSHARKS. 4Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificusSpiny dogfish Squalus acanthiasSKATES. 7External Features of Skates. 7Longnose skate Raja rhinaBig skate Raja binoculataAlaska skate Bathyraja parmifera“Leopard” skate Bathyraja sp. cf. parmiferaMud skate Bathyraja taranetziAleutian skate Bathyraja aleuticaBering skate Bathyraja interruptaCommander skate Bathyraja lindbergiWhiteblotched skate Bathyraja maculataExternal Features of Soft-Rayed Fishes.16TROUTS. 16Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykissCutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkiiDolly Varden Salvelinus malmaSALMON. 18Pink (humpback) salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuschaCoho (silver) salmon Oncorhynchus kisutchChinook (king) salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytschaChum (dog) salmon Oncorhynchus ketaSockeye (red) salmon Oncorhynchus nerkaHERRING. 22Pacific herring Clupea pallasiiiii
CONTENTSSMELTS. 22Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordaxCapelin Mallotus villosusEulachon Thaleichthys pacificusCODS. 25Pacific (gray) cod Gadus macrocephalusPacific tomcod Microgadus proximusSaffron cod smelt Osmerus mordaxCapelin Mallotus villosusSaffron cod Eleginus gracilisWalleye pollock Theragra chalcogrammaROCKFISHES. 27External Features of Rockfishes.27Shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanusYelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimusShortraker rockfish Sebastes borealisRougheye rockfish Sebastes aleutianusBlackspotted rockfish Sebastes melanostictusPacific ocean perch Sebastes alutusHarlequin rockfish Sebastes variegatusSharpchin rockfish Sebastes zacentrusNorthern rockfish Sebastes polyspinisCanary rockfish Sebastes pinnigerTiger rockfish Sebastes nigrocinctusRedbanded rockfish Sebastes babcockiChina rockfish Sebastes nebulosusBlack rockfish Sebastes melanopsDark rockfish Sebastes ciliatusDusky rockfish Sebastes variabilisSilvergray rockfish Sebastes brevispinisYellowtail rockfish Sebastes flavidusQuillback rockfish Sebastes maligerSABLEFISH . 44Sablefish (blackcod) Anoplopoma fimbriaGREENLINGS. 44Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygiusLingcod Ophiodon elongatusKelp greenling Hexagrammos decagrammusRock greenling Hexagrammos lagocephalusMasked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammusiv
CONTENTSSCULPINS. 49Grunt sculpin Rhamphocottus richardsoniiRoughspine sculpin Triglops macellusScissortail sculpin Triglops forficatusRed Irish lord Hemilepidotus hemilepidotusYellow Irish lord Hemilepidotus jordaniThreaded sculpin Gymnocanthus pistilligerArmorhead sculpin Gymnocanthus galeatusLeister sculpin Enophrys lucasiBrightbelly sculpin Microcottus sellarisShorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpiusPlain sculpin Myoxocephalus jaokGreat sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalusBigmouth sculpin Hemitripterus boliniCrested sculpin Blepsias bilobusSilverspotted sculpin Blepsias cirrhosusSailfin sculpin Nautichthys oculofasciatusSpinyhead sculpin Dasycottus setigerDarkfin sculpin Malacocottus zonurusPOACHERS. 63Sawback poacher Leptagonus frenatusFourhorn poacher Hypsagonus quadricornisSturgeon poacher Podothecus accipenserinusBlackfin poacher Bathyagonus nigripinnisAlligatorfish Aspidophoroides monopterygiusLUMPSUCKER. 66Smooth lumpsucker Aptocyclus ventricosusSNAILFISHES . . 68Variegated snailfish Liparis gibbusSalmon snailfish Careproctus rastrinusSpectral snailfish Careproctus phasmaBlotched snailfish Crystallichthys cyclospilusCombed snailfish Allocareproctus kallaionCherry snailfish Allocareproctus jordaniARMORHEAD . 73North Pacific armorhead Pseudopentaceros wheeleriRONQUILS. 74Searcher Bathymaster signatusAlaskan ronquil Bathymaster caeruleofasciatusv
CONTENTSEELPOUTS. 76Shortfin eelpout Lycodes brevipesWattled eelpout Lycodes palearisPolar eelpout Lycodes turneriAlaska eelpout Bothrocara pusillumPRICKLEBACKS . . 80Decorated warbonnet Chirolophis decoratusLongsnout prickleback Lumpenella longirostrisSnake prickleback Lumpenus sagittaWhitebarred prickleback Poroclinus rothrockiBlackline prickleback Acantholumpenus mackayiStout eelblenny Anisarchus mediusWRYMOUTHS. 84Giant wrymouth Cryptacanthodes giganteusDwarf wrymouth Cryptacanthodes aleutensisGUNNEL. 86Crescent gunnel Pholis laetaWOLFFISH. 86Bering wolffish Anarhichas orientalisPROWFISH. 88Prowfish Zaprora silenusSANDFISH. 88Pacific sandfish Trichodon trichodonSAND LANCE. 90Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterusRIGHTEYE FLOUNDERS. 90viPacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepisGreenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoidesArrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomiasKamchatka flounder Atheresthes evermanniFlathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodonButter sole Isopsetta isolepisRex sole Glyptocephalus zachirusSouthern rock sole Lepidopsetta bilineataNorthern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystraDover sole Microstomus pacificusYellowfin sole Limanda asperaEnglish sole Parophrys vetulusStarry flounder Platichthys stellatusAlaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
CONTENTSSPONGES. 103GLASS SPONGE. 103Vase sponge Aulosaccus schulzeiCALCAREOUS SPONGE. 104Hairy vase sponge Leucandra sp.VARIABLE SKELETON SPONGES . 104Soccer ball sponge Geodia mesotriaenaFuzzy cratered sponge Vulcanella sp.Furry ball sponge Craniella spinosaBaseball sponge Craniella sp.Hermit sponges Suberites ficus, Suberites domunculaNipple sponge Polymastia sp.Tree sponge Mycale loveniCotton ball sponge Mycale lobataLattice sponge Melonchela clathriataSpud sponge Histodermella sp.Firm fingered sponge Neoesperiopsis sp.Rough China hat sponge Neoesperiopsis infundibulaSoft brown sponge Myxilla sp.Scallop sponge Myxilla incrustansHYDROIDS. 114Champagne flute hydroid Bonneviella sp.Ostrich-plume hydroid Aglaophenia sp.HYDROCORALS. 116Stylaster hydrocoral Stylaster campylecus parageusCommon hydrocoral Stylaster campylecus campylecusPink hydrocoral Stylaster verrilliiCapped hydrocoral Crypthelia trophostegaRosy-undulate hydrocoral Cyclohelia lamellataRough hydrocoral Errinopora zarhynchaOCTOCORALS (SOFT CORALS). 120Red mushroom coral Anthomastus sp.Gray mushroom coral Anthomastus sp.Sea raspberry Gersemia sp.Purple soft coral Anthothela grandifloraBubblegum coral Paragorgia arboreaSea fan Calcigorgia sp.Purple sea fan Muriceides nigraKool’s candelabrum gorgonian Cryogorgia koolsaePacific red sea fan Swiftia sp.vii
CONTENTSOctocorals (continued)Pinnate amphilaphis Amphilaphis sp.Plumarella coral Plumarella sp.Pacific red tree coral Primnoa pacificaUtinomi’s armored sea fan Arthrogorgia utinomiiSuperb thouarella Thouarella superbaGiant fanellia Fanellia compressaCUP CORAL. 130Alaska cup coral Caryophyllia alaskensisSEA PEN. 130Orange sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyiSEA WHIP. 130Giant sea whip Halipteris willemoesiSEA ANEMONES. 132Mottled anemone Urticina crassicornisChevron-tentacled anemone Cribrinopsis fernaldiGigantic (white-plumed) anemone Metridium farcimenJELLYFISH. 134Sunrise jellyfish Chrysaora melanasterSEGMENTED WORMS. 136Sea mouse Aphrodita negligensDepressed scale worm Eunoe depressaGiant scale worm Eunoe nodosaRed-banded commensal worm Arctonoe vittataNorthern feather duster worm Eudistylia vancouveriNorthern iridescent worm Hemipodus borealisCalcareous tube worm Serpula vermicularisLEECH. 140Striped sea leech Notostomum cyclostomumCHITONS . 140Black Katy Katharina tunicataGiant Pacific (gumboot) chiton Cryptochiton stelleriWhite veiled chiton Placiphorella pacificaBering chiton Lepidozona beringianaLIMPETS. 144Rough keyhole limpet Diodora asperaWhitecap limpet Acmaea mitraSLIPPERSNAIL. 144viiiGreat slippersnail Crepidula grandis
CONTENTSExternal Features of Some Gastropods. 146MOONSNAILS . 147Pale moonsnail Euspira pallidaRusty moonsnail Cryptonatica russaAleutian moonsnail Cryptonatica aleuticaArctic moonsnail Cryptonatica affinisSNAILS. 148Two-keel hairysnail Trichotropis bicarinataOregon triton Fusitriton oregonensisFrilled dogwinkle Nucella lamellosaCrown trophon Boreotrophon coronatusSinuous whelk Buccinum plectrumLadder (silky) whelk Buccinum scalariformePolar whelk Buccinum polarisAngular whelk Buccinum angulosumHelmet whelk Clinopegma magnumThick-cord whelk Beringius crebricostatusKennicott’s beringius Beringius kennicottii“Golden” beringius Beringius sp.Bering’s beringius Beringius behringiNorthern neptune Neptunea herosLyre neptune Neptunea lyrataFat whelk Neptunea ventricosaPribilof whelk Neptunea pribiloffensisLittle neptune Neptunea communis borealis“Vesteraalen” neptune Neptunea sp.Large melon whelk Pyrulofusus melonisLeft-hand melon whelk Pyrulofusus harpaWarped whelk Pyrulofusus deformisTulip whelk Volutopsius middendorffiiFragile whelk Volutopsius fragilisFrilled whelk Volutopsius trophoniusVolute whelk Volutopsius castaneaThreaded whelk Lussivolutopsius filosusArctic whelk Colus kroyeriOblique whelk Colus hypolispusShrew whelk Colus halliiRibbed volute Arctomelon tamikoaeAlaska volute Arctomelon stearnsiiix
CONTENTSSNAIL EGGS. 170Fat neptune eggs Neptunea ventricosa eggsLyre neptune eggs Neptunea lyrata eggsNorthern neptune eggs Neptunea heros eggsBuccinum eggs Buccinum sp. eggsBeringius eggs Beringius sp. eggsOregon triton eggs Fusitriton oregonensis eggsNUDIBRANCHS. 172Pacific sea-lemon Anisodoris nobilis“Spotted” diaulula Diaulula sp.Giant orange tochui Tochuina tetraquetraTritonid nudibranch Tritonia sp.Sea-clown triopha Triopha catalinaeDall’s dendronotid Dendronotus dalliRed frond-aeolis Dendronotus rufusLion nudibranch Melibe leoninaGolden dirona Dirona aurantiaPredaceous aeolis Flabellina trophinaShag-rug aeolis Aeolidia papillosaMUSSELS. 178Northern horsemussel Modiolus modiolusBlack mussel Musculus nigerDiscordant mussel Musculus discorsFoolish mussel Mytilus trossulusOYSTER. 182Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigasJINGLE. 182Alaska (green false) jingle Pododesmus macroschismaSCALLOPS. 182Reddish scallop Chlamys rubidaWeathervane scallop Patinopectin caurinusExternal Features of Cockles and Clams. 185COCKLES. 186Hairy cockle Clinocardium ciliatumNuttall cockle Clinocardium nuttalliiGreenland smoothcockle Serripes groenlandicusOblique smoothcockle Serripes notabilisBroad smoothcockle (broad cockle) Serripes laperousiix
CONTENTSCLAMS. 188Washington butterclam Saxidomus giganteaPacific littleneck Protothaca stamineaYoldia Yoldia sp.Broad yoldia Megayoldia thraciaeformisDisjunct cleft clam Conchocele disjunctaGiant cleft clam Conchocele bisectaElegant soft shell Mya elegansAlaska great-tellin Tellina luteaArctic roughmya Panomya norvegicaArctic hiatella Hiatella arcticaPilsbry piddock Zirfaea pilsbryiAlaska razor clam Siliqua altaPacific razor clam Siliqua patulaArctic surfclam Mactromeris polynymaFat gaper clam Tresus capaxArctic astarte Astarte arcticaElliptical astarte Astarte ellipticaBRACHIOPODS. 200Black lamp shell Hemithiris psittaceaTransverse lamp shell Terebratalia transversaSQUIDS. 202Magister armhook squid Berryteuthis magisterNorth Pacific bobtail squid Rossia pacificaOCTOPUS. 202Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleiniSEA SPIDER. 204Giant sea spider Colossendeis sp.BARNACLES. 204Eared barnacle Tarasovium cornutumPelagic gooseneck barnacle Lepas sp.Beaked barnacle Balanus rostratusGiant barnacle Chirona evermanniCrab barnacle Hesperibalanus hesperiusISOPODS. 208Gravel isopodSea cockroachSpiky arcturidSpiny arcturidSynidotea sp.Rocinela angustataArcturus sp.Arcturus sp.xi
CONTENTSAMPHIPOD. 210Skeleton shrimp Caprella sp.SHRIMPS. 211Shrimp Anatomy. 211Sidestripe shrimp Pandalopsis disparAleutian bigeye Pandalopsis aleuticaSpot shrimp (prawn) Pandalus platycerosCoonstripe shrimp Pandalus hypsinotusDock shrimp Pandalus danaeAlaskan pink shrimp Pandalus eousHumpy shrimp Pandalus goniurusYellowleg pandalid Pandalus tridensSpiny lebbeid Lebbeus groenlandicusArctic argid Argis dentataSculptured shrimp Sclerocrangon boreasCRABS. 220External Features of Crabs. 220Puget sound king crab Lopholithodes mandtiiBrown box crab Lopholithodes foraminatusRhinoceros crab Rhinolithodes wosnessenskiiHeart crab Phyllolithodes papillosusSpiny lithode crab Acantholithodes hispidusSoft crab Hapalogaster grebnitzkiiHairy crab Hapalogaster mertensiiButterfly crab Cryptolithodes typicusRed king crab Paralithodes camtschaticusBlue king crab Paralithodes platypusSpiny king crab Paralithodes brevipesGolden king crab Lithodes aequispinusScarlet king crab Lithodes couesiScaled crab Placetron wosnessenskiiVerrill’s spider crab Paralomis verrilliSpiny paralomis Paralomis multispinaSpiny spider crab Paralomis sp.Pinchbug Munida quadrispinaTriangle Tanner crab Chionoecetes angulatusGrooved Tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneriTanner crab Chionoecetes bairdiSnow crab Chionoecetes opilioHybrid Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi opilioGraceful decorator crab Oregonia gracilisxii
CONTENTSPacific lyre crab Hyas lyratusArctic lyre crab Hyas coarctatusGraceful kelp crab Pugettia gracilisLonghorn decorator crab Chorilia longipesHair crab Erimacrus isenbeckiiHelmet crab Telmessus cheir
Leather star Dermasterias imbricata Striped sun star Solaster stimpsoni Remarkable sun star Solaster sp. Beautiful sun star Solaster sp. Serpent sun star Solaster sp. Rose star Crossaster papposus Crested star Lophaster furcilliger Tessellated slime star Pteraster tesselatus Northern slime star Pteraster sp. Obscure cushion star Pteraster obscurus
