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FAD-A094 003AIR FORCEENGINEERINGANDISERVICESCENTER TYNDALL.AF-fETCANALYSIS FOR THE ACCURACY DEFINITION OF THE AIR QUALITMAR 80 R J YAMARTINO. L A CONLEY, D M ROTEAFESC/ESL-TR-B0-9VOL-2ASSF/6 EEEmmEI-mEEEEmmmmmEE-mEmmmmmEmmEIUNCLASSIFIEDc

IIIfI(I-LiESL.TR*8O4*19-ANALYSIS FOR THE-ACCURACY DEFINITIONOF THE AIR QUALITY ASESM N MOE(AQAM.) AT WILLIAMS AIR FORCE BASE,ARIZONAVOLUME -11. APPENDICES, R. J. YAMARTIND, L. A. CONLEY.0.M. ROTEARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY9100 SOUTH CASS AVENUEARGONNE, ILLINOIS 60439LEL XARCN 4980FINALcr TECREPORTJULY 1916-MARCH1980 -/EAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITEDUnSENGINEERING AND SERVICES LABORATORYAIR FORCE ENGINEERING AND SERVICES CENTERTYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA 32403pU.12-2

NOTICEPlease do not request copies of this report fromHQ AFESC/RD (Engineering and Services Laboratory),Additional copies may be purchased from:National Technical Information Service5295 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, Virginia 22161Federal Government agencies and their contractorsregistered with Defense Technical Information Centershould direct requests for copies of this report to:Defense Technical Information CenterCameron StationAlexandria, Virginia 22314

UNCLIASS I 111I1, A-I1-1*0rF fWA1l111,4I"',1-1PAPAGEREPORT DOCUMENTATION4TI L I\NAIY,IS FORI THIQUALITY ASSESSMINT MODELF0RCi: bASE, ARIZONAV0l0.t'.7I II.APFN)ICES.7 A U'HTR.F.1.(AQAM)AT WILL.IAMSF nalAIR,lx8R'AlIlinoisNM" ANDVI.'-c-T'mdni II.:inq neeriml)SAD-AOENCY NAMEL kF!SO.loridaA. 47I J7I*'IRKUNIrN,,MEIPE: 626O1 F1ON: 1900-90-06 "RE 9C10PDATENarlch 1980P (32403A ADDRESS(if ditleAFnt frofF--ANA HE. A 6and Services CenterAilr Force Base,MO-NITORIN314Mrch-I'AND) ADD)[RESSNAME',I60439ROLLING OFFICE1; I-NN ARote,ZellerEnergy and Environmental Systems DivisionArgonne National Laboratory4700 South Cass AvenueArgnn.ICON IPE RICORReport:"-.Yamartino, L.A. Conley, D.M.L[;mich, V.P. Punplv and K.F.FTR713 MIN , C)C ANI',ATIONIF,,hit,5 RACCURACY DEFINITION OF THE A,:.,.,,,m.C,,.11,1(fp259 jSEC jRI !YISCLASS.0Ot thls,,,'1 .'rUnc las sif ied15.16[rII RIFIITI(ONA:;,rovod',7IEF'.','- I;STATEMENTfor publ.icTN0 f YAi iAirI MI -, TAROR[',,,,h'oroirelease;. f ,h,. - ,r.h,,rthis,,Iflmreport.,U,k, ,-,,r,,distribution,R,nte,.eiIs.'uai i itvP I hlt ionh1ie, AirrCOWN-.F'AlN,ounlimited.,ck20,if ,i,.,,,(rc,,,.po,,lNOTE So)is- iiOMel;.,LMEN,Av,. i.11iirvIq,o,fhi.OECLASSlICATIONSCHEDULEspecified on verso oft,,,hI.lfllIAccuracyAircraftd14 h4--frontcover.-)Emissionsng. ' . 1,,Ii,ual itv Assessment.-.Model,dI,,(AQAM).0 h,IE.overallpredict ivtev ii ratv i1is jag aCLIt;A ;irbase ambient airquality measurements.''tscnIlitSG5r ,T ,,CO, NO, NO',TIC, Ci14 , and visibilityat Will tams Air F-.rc'- Base, Ar i z,,na, I r.rTtlt 197ob to June 1977were compared with AQAM predit ted airpol I ut ionconcentr;it ions to deterineAQAM's predictive power.Tie AQAM acr'tra;cv ir:milv;red on an hour-by-hour basis and statisticalhasis using acculil;i ivi.[rvqrenvv (Ifstribut ion.''lhconclusions are that AQAM accuracy is welwitlii)the arc ur acy range expected for Gaussian urban dispersi(n1 mo1e(hl1s.VTI tI h11a .DD,.: ,1473EDIION Or?\6NO1IS OUNC1.ASSI 1 E),1SILFETF"I .I.T.LASSIC. ATIn,,rTPAIIIIl. .,.

J SiC.URITY**theILASEL CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE(W-., DI,.,,,Jo c a.-. iso-i ed base from urban backg;:okind m-iinsan attempt was made t0unectnba Aground concent ',ILiD11 had! to bh accounted for in the analysif;.1ICktrat ions in ttie air base vicinity wertc extremely low when compare71d Wit:tkonWitho)ut.iground concen--rat ions rt-SUIr.ing from iz-thz:n transport.Iu ut ntCOuICL'tLIoLi on idjustn(nAs , the AQAM mode I tended to underpredi ct theaLhat AQAN is especiallywvThe results alsoConcenhirat ionsM.wIconcentrations, ;Is-ocC at"bcsimn1 . .m-ing theu potent il worst casemorning, hours, low wind speeds, stankI, atrxcspheric condition!;, ald iiactivity.'I NI*('it,I-All1 11 1)tII

PREFACEThi s final report was prepared by tie Energy and Environmental SystemsDivision of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) under contract to ISAF "ngineeringAnd Services Center, Tynda1l AFB, Florida. This voIume containl:; the supportinginlormat ion and data required by the analyses presente'd in Volume I.The workwas aCcomplished Under .lob Order Number 19009004.[t Col Peter A. Crowley,Majors Dennis F. Naugle and Joseph B. Hotten, arid Captai!! Harold A. Scott werethe Air Force project officers.Contribut ions were made by many others including Mr Edward 1. Durphy,while ait the U1niversity ot New Mexico, Civil EngineCering Research Facility(CERF) and subsequently as a statistical consultant to ANI., and Mr Karl F.Zller,while, EPA project officer.Northrop Environmentalthroughotit this report.Services provided the ambient measurement data usedThe authors are also grateful to the following people for their technicalassistance:Mr John Connolly, EPA/EMSL; Lt Blair Thisted, USAF; Ms Polly Brovn,ANI1; Ms Lvn Deacon, ANI; Dr Kenneth Brubaker, ANL; and Mr Simon Bremer, ANL.A special thanks is given to Ms Louise Benson, Ms Patricia Traczyk,Ms Sally Vargo, and Ms Linda Wulf for typing this and the numerous draftmanuscripts.This report has been reviewed by the Public Affairs Office and is releasabi to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS it will be available to the general public and foreign nationals.This report has been reviewed and is approved for publication.IHAROLD,A. SCOTT JR., Capt, USAFAir Oi.l itv Research EngineerEMIL C. FREIN, Lt Col, USAFChief, Environics DivisionN GS-I 5T7Dep D)ir, Engrg & Services!iborntorv:1Un e1JuL ti;Dis.,(The reverse of this page is blank)C-441,DJK TABc'dbspc." !1i

TIAKIL; Of' CO)NTENTlSAppend ixT i tIAPPENDIX A:THlE WILLITAMS AFB AlIR QUALITYSTPDY.[NI'RODUCTION .I. . .2) MONITORING LOCATIONS AND STATION RATIONALE. . . . .3AIR QUAITY MONITORING STATION DESCRIPTION.PRIMARY DATA FLOW.4b5aAerometric and Meteorological Data. . .Emissions Data.THE AEROMETRIC DATA.3bc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Freque'ncy Distr ibu tions.Statistical Summaries.Cuinutat ivt' Di st ribut ions.APPENDIXI11: METEOROLOGICALDATA:PROCESSING AND ASSUMPTIONS.I NT ROTIUCTi!(IN.MI-ETEDVROLOG;I CAL DATA.1 TABIIlITY CLASS INDEX AS DETERMINED BY* EPA METHOD.SIABILITY CLASS INDEX AS DETERMINED BY ANL METHOD.SMIX ING DEPTH, DIRECT MEASUREMENT BY ACOUSTIC SOUNDER. .bDEVEL.OPMENT OF A MIXING DEPTH ALGORITHM.Al' PENI' X C :II NTRODUCICNAMEKLI SIT3 DA'TA sEFT4IDATA SET' DATASET6DATA SET2SOURCEEMI ,SSIONS I NVENTORYPIROGRAM:.I N I!T MOIILCAT IONS1ION.DATA, REASSIGNED) PROGRAM DATA.4, AIRBASE AIRCRAFT AND RUNWAY TOTALS.5, AlIRCRAFT ACTIV ITY.h, AIRCRAFT PARKING AREAS.7, AITRCRAFT TAX IWAY PATH SEG'(MENTS. .7 D)ATA SFT 8, AlIRCRAFT RUNWAY INFORMATION.8AEROSPACE GROUND EQlI IPMENT EMI1SSIONS.69 DATA sEFT I0, AT RCRAFTr REFUEL [NC, SP'I1LAGE , AND VEtNT I N(; TOTALS. . . .10' DA I-A SET 1'], TRAINING F IRE P'OINT SOURCES.APPENDIXID: Al RCRAFIO'PERATIIONS DATA.I1.)IJI,"I IVII.BASE OP'ERAT1 INS.IDATAA(-QUfISIT TON AND HIUICTION OF AlIRCRAF'T ' N;-OE.7

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont 'd)Ap pen dix4T it lePageDETAILED AIRCRAFT ACTIVITY AT WILLIAMS AFB FOR THEPERIOD 1 JUNE 1976-30 JUNE 1977. .9,a Aircraft Mix at Williams Air Force Base .92'b Classification of Aircraft at Williams Air Force Base. . .c Definitions for Aircraft Activity Operations at WAFB. . . .d Edits to the Aircraft Activity Data Base. . .C, Full Traffic Count on Airbase Runways . . . . . .fTouch-and-Co Training Pli-,hts.SSummary Report of Aircraft Activities WAFB for the 1Ptri.'dI June 1976-30 June 1917.102k %f, f.NCE S.APPENfIX E :I2ESSAY:VERIFICATION OF SHORT-TERM AIR QUALITIY MO DELSUSING THE GAUSSIAN DISPERSION APPROACH BY KARL ZkALLER,fDiscussion of Data Base . . .Comparisons for Analysis.Cumulative Frequency Distribuitons and Error Limits. .Percent Error Distribution. . . . .eEmission Submodel Adjustmient.Model VerificationDiscussion.CONCLUSIONS.APPINuX I- :45b. . . . . . . . . . .STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTION DATA AND THE,VALIDATION OF THE AQAM. . . .kRE i NhI-S . .*31It.AC".JEDMNT.I2EPAINTRkoDUCTION.RECOMMENDED VERIFICATION APPROACH.12()abC33. . . . 1(1. . . . . . . . .INTRODUCTION.PAST AIRPORT AIR POLLUTION AND MODEL VALIDATION PROGRAMS . .DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND DISTRIBUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.,.TIME SERIES METHODS. . . . . . . . .MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS.RECOMMENDATIONS.0. .iv.

TABIE OFI,CO)N'1'I.1NT;Appetid i xAPPFNDIX45)G:STATION-BY-STATION COMPARISON OF MIFASl:1E) AN)COMPUTED CONCENTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7ANALYSIS OF HIGHERREPETITIONRATEDATA .192IN'rRODUCTION .INljEPENDENCE OF COMPUTED HOURLY QUANTITIES FROM SAMIPLING FREQ-LL,( Y.TIEFFECT OF SCAN RATE ON THE AVERAGE VERTICAL SNIND SPLEDANP THE STANDARD DEVIATION .THE STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE WIND DRJ(;TION AS AFI'NCt''ION OF SAMPLING TIME .MEAN SQUARE EDDY VELOCITIES AND FILTERING OF THE RAPID SCAN DAIA.APPROXIMATE EQUATIONS RELATING VARIOUS COMPUTED PARAMETERS .APPENI)IXI2'dIT i I ,pAPPENDIX H:I21(CmiI:PRELIMINARY TIME SERIES ANALYSIS .INTRODUCTION.CONCLI;S IONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .REFI:REN FS .192193198.20208.23i.2.IV

LIST OF FIGURESuuTitlePatFA--ILocat ions of the Five Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Trai lersA-2Primary Data Flow. .A-3Frvqu'oncy 1)is t r i bu t ion. .A-4for Hourly Average NO). .Frequtency Distribution for Hourly Average NOX.A-5Frequency Distributionfor Hourly Average C:1Frequtenc y Di st ribUt ionfor Hourly Ave rageA-!F: eq1CI1C y Di st r ibut ionfor Hou rlIy Average CO).A-6Frequency Distr ibut ionfo rA-)Frequticnc yA-loFrequency Distributionfor Hourly AverageA-;I7requencvfor Hourly Average WindA-12Frequency Distribution for Hourly Average Wind Directions.lA-13Cumulative Frequency Distribution,, of Hourly Average NoConcentrations at Williams AFB: June 1976-June 1977. . . . . .A-14Cumulative Frequency Distributions of Hourly Average No XJune 197b)-June 1977. . . . . .Concentrations at Williams AFB;A-15Cumulative Frequency Distributions of Hourly Averago NO-)June 1976-Junle 1977. . . . . .Concentrations at Williams AFB:A-16Cumulaitive Frequency Distributions of Hourly Avecage COConcent rat ions at Williams AFH: Juno, 19 70-Jutnt 1971. . .ILunul11kit iV1'"I t'qIIL'n1CY-'tmiu. . . . . . .N02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Speeds.Distr ibut ions, of Ilot-ly Average "t14June 1976-.June1977. . . . .Frequtency Di str ibut ions of Hourly Ave rage NMIIConcentratiens at Will iams AFB:J]une 19 76-.Jone 1977.- 4 uimuL atLyeA--2 hCUirnlat iVe Frequency Dist ribut ions of Hourivx Ave rageScatellg Cue ftit tents at Will i fins AFB.6-1Index When Rosti ictedThe Behavior of EPA StabilityChanger of One Class per Hour.t)-2tofLPA StabilityIndexi7he 5 nHourlyv Ci ass Changes.-:r&llocv,;)Z3IfortoUnrestrictedDs tr i bu t ion o f Ac ousqt icSudrD; stribut ion of Acoust icSounderThf-lrtesreentMeasuremencttsh%yH )In.by tnf AcOr Lu.i (- S0111)(101 MVasu1 4d 1. 1d Cit i i1 L Vsii a I Mo)de.Ii .l c ICions lot- J).IytI Ill.- 11m)?.Vi1NMH . .I i t i v t F req tit itcy D istLr ibu titon s o f Hourl1y Ave rage 111C.Jujie 1976-June 1977.noiit r it c ) I:, a t Wi I I I amus A FB:rt3Q itreunk\.Hou rlIy Ave rage bSt:A' . .((jtiC'n trat Ion.s at Willijamis AFC3:I.TC .Dist ribuition for Hou r l y AverageDistribution4 . . . .