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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 561rather than generally going through the process ofmentalization [14]. The primary target for mentalizationis to help patients start knowing and getting aware ofthemselves, including their inner status, emotions,thoughts, and actions.The therapist's psychotherapeutic attitude shouldinclude five characteristics. First is the humilitystemming from "do not know". The second is to take thetime to identify differences of opinions patiently. Third,accepting different points of view is important. Fourth,ask the patient about his/her experience actively. It iscrucial to ask for a detailed description of the experience"WHAT" rather than an explanation of "WHY". Fifth isto carefully avoid the need to understand what doesn'tmake sense. It is also essential to maintain a greatrelationship between clinicians and patients. Wheninterpreting the result of mentalization, it is crucial tofollow the following six steps. The first is to establishempathy, which is to establish the patient's perspective.This is not the same as agreeing with the patient in anycircumstances, but the patient must be shown that thetherapist has at least understood his or her perspective.The second step is to explore the event that produced thetransference. Actions related to thoughts or emotionsrequire explicit expression and sometimes detail. Thethird is to accept and understand the formulation of thetherapist since it is likely that most of the patient'sexperience in the transference process is based on reality,even if it is partially connected to reality. The fourth stepis to try best to interpret patients. The therapist mustimagine sitting side by side with the patient, rather thanthe opposite. They sit side by side and observe what thepatient is thinking and feeling and try to be as curious aspossible. The fifth is to get the therapist to come up withdiverse points of view, and the last step is to supervisethe patient and their own reactions to them [14].3.2. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)Generally, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)represents an approach initially developed by apsychologist, Linehan Marsha, to assist individuals inelevating their cognitive and emotional regulation [15].It is achieved by familiarizing with triggers that stimulatethe reactive states and necessitate identifying andapplying better skills to help manage such sequences offeelings, behaviors, and thoughts, hence avoidingharmful reactions. In persons with borderline personalitydisorder, DBT focuses on involving them in a group orindividual therapy basing on the fact that they areemotionally vulnerable [16]. DBT achieves the treatmentof such individuals by helping them regulate theiremotions, teaching about distress tolerance, andenhancing interpersonal effectiveness and mindfulness.DBT helps treat borderline personality disorder byhelping the affected individuals achieve mindfulness andinterpersonal effectiveness by participating in activitiessuch as group works. Mindfulness and interpersonaleffectiveness are critical due to their ability to inflictpositive behavior change [16]. During the involvement inthe respective group discussions, the participatingmembers formulate a topic that greatly moves theaffected individual. The individuals can also beencouraged to suggest their topics of interest, whichencourages their efficient participation. During suchtimes, they are encouraged to observe and describe theircontent-wise about the topic, and through this, theydevelop core interpersonal and mindful skills, whichhelps manage their moods.Borderline personality disorder can also be treatedthrough DBT practices that involve distress tolerance andemotion regulation. At this point, the core principle ofDBT is to help the patients with the disorder learn howto bear the pain involving unstable mood in a skillfulway. The DBT therapist equips the affected individualswith knowledge on how to overcome their condition byteaching survival techniques such as self-soothing,distraction, thinking about the cons and pros of stayingin such a condition, and how to improve their moments[17]. Vulnerability to an emotional mind can be reducedthrough the patients being encouraged to accept that theiremotions are acceptable, valid, and real. It helps themrealize that other people understand how they feel; hencethe acceptance regulates their emotions.Additionally, DBT can also be essential inminimizing the severity of borderline personalitydisorder by utilizing mindfulness to achieve emotionalregulation simultaneously. During this time, patients areequipped with skills of understanding emotions andidentifying their activities, including behaviors, physicalsensations, and cognition [15]. Through the process,understanding the emotional dynamics and how theygenerally occur also equips the patients with skills ofevaluating and identifying their emotions. The patient’ssuccess in identifying and evaluating their emotions aswell is critical since it acts as a precursor to emotionalregulation.3.3. Schema-Focused TherapySchema-focused therapy refers to a strategy used byhealth professionals to help people with borderlinepersonality disorder identify the behavior patterns andthoughts responsible for their condition’s occurrence.The therapy came into existence in the 1980s after DrYoung realized that cognitive-behavioral therapy, themajor therapy used for the treatment of the condition,was turning obsolete on the victims with chroniccharacter logical issues [18]. The whole therapy focuseson meeting the patient’s unmet emotional needs duringchildhood, from which better relationships are learnedand nurtured to aid recovery.664

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 561Firstly, the therapy may employ using imagery,which encourages the patients to re-think memoriesduring their early life. It helps equip with knowledge onmaladaptive schema development. The borderlinepatients are induced to reflect the sensations, includingsounds and sights, in such memories. They areprogressively encouraged to undertake imaginarydialogues with people who appeared around them in suchmemories and encouraged to plead for the unmet needs.The scenario creates an interconnection with their currentfeeling, which produces similar sensations, henceimproving their mood through the elicited met needs[18].Secondly, the therapy may take the strategy ofsoliciting the patients to acquire diaries on anyexperiences responsible for the initial maladaptiveschemas and the corresponding thinking patterns. Duringthe real sessions with the therapists, the patients canrelate the earlier Schema’s thinking patterns from whichthey can make a comparison and relate with theirassociated current behaviors and feelings. The wholeactivity necessitates satisfying emotional needs thatcorrespond to an individual’s mood improvement [18].Finally, schema therapy can also be used to controland manage individuals with a borderline personalitydisorder by deploying a chair work strategy for treatmentpurposes. Chair-work strategy necessitates helping theaffected individuals recognize variations occurring intheir personality and emotions. During such sessions, thetherapist arranges two chairs in an opposite position inwhich the patients under therapy coordinate theirmovements between them simultaneously. While in eachchair, the patients express varying personality aspectsand emotions, both current and past. Additionally, thepatients can involve in an imaginative dialogue with theirfriends, family, or relatives. In such an event, theyexpress their emotional aspects and needs in a singlechair and move to the opposite chair and answerthemselves as an imaginative individual who can meetsuch needs. Positivity resulting from the event helpsimprove emotions and mood [19].3.4. Transference-focused Psychotherapy(TFP)Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) requiresthe therapist to treat the patient face-to-face (online faceto-face can also work). The therapist guides the patient tofind out the problem by communicating with the patient[20]. Transference-focused psychotherapy is a long-termtreatment, patients need to meet the therapist at leasttwice a week, and the treatment time is decided accordingto the treatment situation. Studies have shown thatpatients with borderline personality disorder improve alot through transference-focused psychotherapy [20].Transference-focused psychotherapy can improve thecondition of patients with borderline personality disorderby controlling their emotions. In clinical trials, the antidorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is considered toregulate the expression of emotion and behavior, andtransference-focused psychotherapy can increase theparticipation of anti-dorsal ACC to achieve the effect ofemotion control [21]. In clinical trials, monitoring andrecording the data of patients before, during, and aftertreatment can help to control the patients' emotions.Clinicians analyze the patient's condition through thedata and need to pay attention to the impulsive andirritable emotion of the patient [21]. The role oftransference-focused psychotherapy is to reduce theimpulse of patients, to reduce the symptom of borderlinepersonality disorder.Transfer-focused psychotherapy can be divided intothree parts: early treatment, mid-treatment, and latetreatment. In the experiment, according to the treatmentstatus of patients with borderline personality disorder, wefound that the effect of transfer-focused psychotherapyon patients with early treatment was more effective thanthat of patients with late treatment. In clinical trials, byrecording the emotional status of patients with borderlinepersonality disorder, it was found that the effect wouldchange in the treatment because of patients' ychotherapy for some patients is not an effectivetreatment. Clinicians found that changing the period oftreatment and conversation skills of transfer-focusedpsychotherapy can change the effect of the treatment. Ingeneral, we can find out the difference through therecorded data of patients with borderline personalitydisorder and change the method of transfer-focusedpsychotherapy according to the situation of patients. Inthis way, transfer-focused psychotherapy will play aneffective role in the treatment of borderline personalitydisorder [22].4. CONCLUSIONAs a mental disease, borderline personality disorderhas an impact on the life and communication of patients.Impulsivity, irritability, and other emotional problemsare the manifestations of borderline personality disorder.The present research has studied the pathogenesis andtreatment of borderline personality disorder and foundthat borderline personality disorder can be formed inchildhood, and this kind of mental disease can even betransmitted by the gene. This is an important finding inthe understanding of the severity of borderlinepersonality disorder, incorrect treatment can affectpatients and future generations. The current studiesmainly focus on the treatment of borderline personalitydisorder, and future research should be devoted to thedevelopment of the prevention of borderline personalitydisorder in childhood. Overall, borderline personalitydisorder needs more attention from society to reducesocial prejudice against mental illness.665

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borderline personality disorder, and it cannot be completely misleadingconcluded that they will suffer from a borderline personality disorder. 2.2. Psychological Effects Several psychological factors can lead to borderline personality disorder. Negative childhood experiences are one of the most common reasons that patients get BPD.