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PEACE STUDIeS PROGRAMS (Continued)The Academy for Educational provide information to those interested.Representatite John S. Seiberling of the14th Congressional District of Ohio has38-page booklet on Organizations in introduced several bills to provide fundsPeace and 'Conflict Research. It is the for peace research. He is currently develresult of two years of gathering informa- oping a proposal that one percent of thetion. Prices are 2 for the first copy and amount for military appropriations be .50 for additional ones. Write Resolving allocated to peace research.International Disputes Project, Academyfor Educational Development, Inc., 680Fifth Avenue, N.Y., NY 10019.COPRED NEWS ANDDevelopment and the Schweppe Researchand Education Fund has prepared aThe 1973 Yearbook of InternationalOrganizations, pages 891-95, publishedby the Union of International Association, 1, rue aux Laines, 1000 Bruxelles,Belgium, contains a list of foundationsand institutes concerned with peacestudies and internationalrelationsprograms.ACTIVITIESThe 1973 Annual Meeting of the Consortium on Peace Research, Educationand Development (COPRED) was heldApril 12-15, 1973, at the LaPointe Cen-ter, Windsor, Canada, with over 90inhibit and those which facilitate worldorder and justice); (2tclarifying the relationship between positive peace andsocial, political and economic develop.ment and exploitation; (3) evolving a setof indicators of world order by whichadvancement and regression are measurable; (4) refinement of peace and conflictforecasting techniques; (5) the development of alternative institutions relevantto peace-making, such as civilian defenseand nonviolent forms of struggle againstoppressive social and political systems.While the focus of our activity remainsprimarily within the formal educationalprocess, we will be increasingly concernedin future program-building with the prob-lems of applying peace-relatedknowledge.persons in attendance. The completeSPECIAL PROGRAMSThe Brooklyn Center of Long IslandUniversity and the International PekeAcademy have organized a graduate pro.gram in peacekeeping. It will be interdisciplinary in nature with twn sixweeksessions, running June 10-July 20, andJuly 21-August 31. The latter session w:11be:conduCtedabroad. Call the GraduateAdmissions Office, Peacekeeping SummerProgram, Long Island University, Brooklyn Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201.Kent State University's Center forInternational and Comparative Programs,report of the meeting will be ready in afew weeks for distribution to Councilmember s, participants andindividualmembers.The following excerpts are from theExecutive Director's (Pau' Wehr) Reportto the COPRED Council.Recent Growth and Current ResourcesSince last year's Council meeting,COPR ED's institutional membership hasincreased from 71 to about 85. If oneconsiders that the secretariat did noformal soliciting of new members, wein cooperation with several groups, hasorganized a Geneva Semester on thehave some indication of both the currentUnited Nations System for September 17,1973-February 1, 1974. 4t will include apotential to be cultivated. Our membership in the South and West, however, issparse and we intend to work more inbasic course of study combined withseminars, lectures, travel, and observa-tions of UN activities in Geneva. Thecost, including transportation, tuition,interest in the field and the untappedthose regions next year.Haverford and New York) did inhibitareavailable depending upon circurnstances. Write Raga S. Elim, lent Stateintegration, although my physical ores.University, Kent, OH 44242.ence at the Institute for World Orderfacilitated much good COPRED/IWOcooperative programming and was veryPEACE PROGRAMS ANDbeneficial to the development of thefield. The consolidation of the secretariatTHE GOVERNMENThowever, be very helpful.Several effortsto involve the federalment of Peace as part of his reorganization plans. It would apparently bedesigned to study crises and help resolvedifferences before they reach a conflictstage. Further information is availablefrom the Council, 110 Maryland Avenue,N.E., Washington, DC 20002. Plans toreorganize the federal government alsoOctober 18-20, 1973COPRED EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.November 5-7, 1973Peace ScienceSociety (International) COPRED Sessions, November 6 and 7, Boston, MA.January 3-7, 1974International PeaceResearch Associationference, Delhi, IndiaBiennial Con-March 14-18, 1974COPRED EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING, International Studies Association, NewOrleans, LA.in Boulder during the coming year will,Future Development DirectionsAs a consortium of a wide range oforganizations engaged in study, researchor action on peace-related problems,COPRED continues to play an integratingrole. The majority of our members beingacademic institutions, It is natural thatCOPRED activity is currently focused onthe study and research of peace. WhileCOPRED seeks to legitimize the moreCOUNCIL MEETINGPEACE SCIENCE SOCIETY (I)SeCond Annual MeetingThe Patterson School of Diplomacyand International Commerce hosted theSecond Annual Conference of the PeaceScience Society (International) SouthernDivision at Lake Cumberland State Park.Almost 100 peace researchers met forthree days, April 18-20, to share proposals in peace studies. The conferenceincluded research papers from scholars,representing more than ten regional institutions, as well as pano,s. organized byCOPRED, the Peace Studies Group of theInternational Studies Association, and theconventional types of peacerelatedWorld ,Law Fund. Mickey East and hisstaff coordinated a well-balanced meetingtative to the UN. Dr. Roger Brittain, 45scholarship and teaching, many of whichthe established disciplines should be butare not very concerned with, e.g.: (1) thedevelopment of transnational institutionsBlack Rock Avenue, Bridgeport, CT, can(identifying and analyzing those whichmay include a program for the directdemocratic election of the U.S. represen2A preliminary schedule of COPREDrelated activities includes:The fact that COPRED business wasMay, 1974 (date indefinite) COPRED, carried on from three offices (Boulder,---and fees, is 2,200. Financial aid awardsgovernment in peace studies are currentlybeing explored. The Council for a Department of Peace reports that PresidentNixon has considered creating a Depart-COPRED Calendar, 1973-74that appealed to the many' disciplinespresent. For a complete report, contactthe Patterson School at the University ofKentucky, Lexington, KY. 40506.

INTERNATIONAL PEut.2 STUDIES NEWSLETTER SPRING 1973STARTING A PEACE PROGRAMSuggestions based on experienceat several campuses1. Survey existing courses. Take yourcollege catalog and examine offerings forcourses which have a direct bearing onpeace and world order issues. Don't neglect ecology, human aggression, international sociology, social change, theliterature of utopias, or even internationalrelations and international law coursesallmight be relevant. But don't stoptherean examiniation of the actual syllabi is a must if you want to know thereal contents of courses. Look at thewhole list from the point of view of thestudent. In what ways do the variousofferings fit together?2. Survey your faculty and students.You can begin with the faculty who teachrelevant courses already in your catalog.The key question is, can you find enoughenergetic, interested and committedpeople to form a core group that could beable to devote substantial amounts oftime to new course development, administration of a program, fund-raising (whennecessary), the faculty politics of introducing an innovative program, and so on.Don't overlook your students, who arepotentially the best source of energy andinnovative educational ideas. Try to get afeeling for the strength of potential student interest through informal conversa-tions with as many people as you canreach.3. Find out how to introduce a newcourse, major or concentration program.What are the formal and informal processes of course and progralh approval?Whose support do you need? Often it'swise to consult these deans and adminis-trators early, at least to determine theirgeneral attitudes. A sympathetic dean isyour best ally. But be prepared with hardinformation about the potential facultyresources, potential student interest, andthe peace education movement on othercampuses.Decide: Is a new program or course afeasible goal? Remember that there areother ways to introduce peace subjects tothe curriculum, through revisions of exist-r ing courses or simply by adopting newteaching materials. Starting a program isone choice among many; is it the best foryour campus situation?4. Get the ball rolling. You need topull people together to generate interestin a peace program, to develop a ratioto delegate responsibilities.Above all, you must establish a small coregroup that will give continuity to the program and share in its design. Many different strategies have worked in thisnale,andrespect: a lecture by a known speakercan serve as a focal point to bring peopletogether;, a meeting of potentially interested people with a resource person froman establishedpeaceorganization orset of issues.another peace studies program not onlygenerates interest, but provides practicalB. The Name Only programone oradvice; a continuing.seminar on peace andexisting, and traditional, courses.world order issues exposes alternativeThere is nothing worse than a peacepoints of view and establishes an academ-program thatic setting where a common perspective(and group loyalty) on peace studies candevelop. The tactics will vary from placeto place, but the principle is thenamed I.R. prog-am. A good peaceprogram will require creating somenew courses within a coherent, normative framework.same: create an event that will attractpeople concerned with the problems ofpeace and war, and use the occasion toenlist their support and invite theirparticipation.5. Learn. You can save a lot of timeand energy if you learn from the mistakespeople have madeand the successes theytwo new courses and an amalgam ofdiscipline and structure will notlast.D. The Parochial programnothingbut urban conflict, or nonviolence,or world law, or conflict resolution,campuses. Face to face meetings are best,or human aggression. Good coursesbut you can also learn from publicationsand programs should be based onthe creative integration of several ofthese perspectives and bodies of lit-like the World Law Fund ProgressReport, from peace education workshopsand from descriptive material on othererature.E. The Professionals.Only programtoday, the common practice is toorient undergraduate programs toward the preparation of people forgraduate school and then forcareers as researchers and collegeprogram directors themselves.6. Plan. It may be a single new coursein peace studies, a series of new courses,teachers. Peace programs should beat least as concerned with preparingchanges in existing courses, or a wholeprogram of learning experiences combining these course reforms with independent study, field work, etc., leading to amajor or a minor. You have to decide onthe best short -term goals for your ownsituation. Whatever the goal, good plan-ning is terribly importantit must be acooperative process which attempts to involve all interested faculty; and it shouldtake advantage of students as the bestresources available on student needs andreally only a re-C. The "Head" programall action, allfeeling, all experience, little sub-stance. A program without readingand thinking, without a variety ofpoints of view, without focus,have hadin reforming curricula on otherprograms available from the Fund, fromthe Consortium on Peace Research, Education and Development (address: Institute of Behavioral Science, University ofColorado, Boulder, CO 80302), and fromispeople for work as social changeactivists, policy makers, communityleaders, media people, and justplain citizens of the world. Thismeans courses with an explicit nor-mative dimension and with a te,---tion to policy and action issues.8. Funding. Lack of money is ofteperceived as a major obstacle;, its importance is overated where there are committed faculty and sympath,lic admin-interests. As a group, you will want aistrators. Looking for funds ney,.nd youclear statement of what is needed on your campus may mean extra wo k; ,.1 n't docampus, why, and what specific measures- - if there is any alternative. If You do Iwould practically fill the need. At largeuniversities you may have to make,a formal proposal to the dean, faculty, curri-culum committee, university senate orsimilar. authority. (The World Law Fundhas on file proposals prepared by groupsat several institutions. We would behappy to share these with you.) Smallerinstitutions generally have less formalprocedures. Remember that the strongestforces in your favor are clearly demonstrated student interest, a committedgroup of faculty and a well-conceivedprogram design.7. Try to Avoid. Here are some of thecommon errors made in designing peaceprograms:A. The Duck Soup programa littlebit of everything, no commonframework or perspective, littleeffort by participating faculty tolearn from each other and maketheir disciplines relevant to a corebeyond the campus, consider alul niinterested in world affairs, internatio Irelations and peace; local and regionfoundations concerned with educatiand public affairs (check The FoundationDirectory, and The Foundation News);and wealthy, concerned individuals inyour community, You will not get moneyfrom the large eastern foundations unlessyou teach at a prestigious institution, andeven then it's unlikely. You need a briefand attractive proposal explaining plansand giving evidence of faculty resourcesand student interest. Attach a detailedbudget. Form letters mailed with proposals are usually ignored; try to solicitcontributions in person to find someonewho knows your prospect who t.3n introduce you. Don't be frustrated if yourprospects turn you down. Fund-raisingrequires doggedness and perseverance, butif you have a solid proposal and goodpeople, the effort is worth it.Michael Washburn, Institute for World Order

PEACE STUDIES ROLEMATERIALSThe fall 1972 issue of the International Peace Studies Newsletter published the"Grindstone Statement" on the purposesof peace studies. As an article of faith, ofNewsletters, Journals, Abstracts andSeries Publicationsmotivation, and of direction, it deservescontinuing analysis and discussion.The Statement is deficient for thesame reason that many Peace Studiesprograms are deficient: there is no clear,overriding sense of purpose. The openingof the Statement says that the purpose ofpeace studies is to study peace. Is it? Isn'tthat study the means to something else? Iwould suggest that the purpose of thisstudy is to help guide action for the enhancement of human welfare. It is important to go beyond understanding toactually do something about the problems with which we are concerned.The confusion between means andis especially evident when it isendsargued that "the mathematical approachis necessary in the understanding of pres-ent world systems and in the development of future systems." Of course, it isWar/Peace Report, a product of theCenter for War/Peace Studies of the NewYork Friends Group, Inc., is publishedbi-mohthly at a rate of 1.25. it aims atpresenting "fact and opinion on progresstoward a world of peace with justice."Contributing authors reflect an international composition. The Report includes articles and analyses of currentworld situations. Individual subscriptionis 8. Write Gordon and Breach, 440 ParkAvenue South, 'New York, NY 10016.Additional information on WorldOrder Models and programs is availablethrough Pmagress Reports. Michael Wash-burn, director of the University Program,would like to receive syllabi and materialson peace courses. The FUnd also has avaluable publication on "Ways -d Meansof Teaching About World Order," whichdescribes techniques and teaching materials. While directed to the secondary level,it contains valuable information fornot necessary, and it is clear that a preoccupation with overly formalistic tools college courses. Write Institute for Worldcan draw attention away from pressing -Order, 11 West 42 Street, N.Y., NYprOblems. A clearer formulation of the 10036.Information on the World Order proends that ,,were to be pursued with thedifferent tools we have available will helpus to know when the tools do or do nothelp. And we should be alert to the factthat the assertion that a given approachcould help is not equivalent to claimingthat it does help.Virtuallyeverybranch of humanknowledge is listed as relevant to peacestudies.Is there no end to the back-ground knowledge I must have before Ican get to the foreground? What is notincluded in peace studies? If, indeed, "thestudy of peace lies not in any onescholar's domain, but is rather theunifying thread that joins all concernededucators together," then what is thedistinctive quality that justifies thegram at the University of Hawaii is avail-able through a Newsletter. The latestissue as well as back copies are availableby writing Professor George Kent, PoliticalScience Department, University ofHawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.Subscriptions at 12 for individuals toIV Street, London WC2, England.Teach Peace is a bi-monthly mimeographed newsletter of the Peace Education Center of 396 Cedar Lane, Teaneck,NJ 07666. It is especially useful for elementary and secondarl programs withon lists of resources, songs,teaching aids, and workshop activities.sectionsBibliohyThe International Relations Programat Syracuse University prepared a learningpackage designed to introduce "thesystematic study of the role of international institutions in interactions amongstates," called "Dyadic (two-party)Disputes Before the Permanent Court ofInternational Justice, the InternationalCourt of Justice, the League of Nations,and the United Nations: Analytical andEmpirical Materials." The package contai ns relevant bibliography and suggestions on what types of analysis mightbe undertaken. Write to the InternationalRelations Archives, Inter-UniversityConsortium for Political. Research, P.O.Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106.The 1972 spring edition of the Stan-ford Journal of International Studies isdevoted to arms control. It is ar. interdisciplinary volume published annuallyby Stanford Law School and is edited bylaw- students in the tradition of lawreviews: It is to be used as a basic text ina Stanford course on arms control. Thevolume can be purchased for S2.95. Writeto Stanford Law School, Stanford,California 94305.The Journal of Conflict Resolution canAn article by Johan Galtung in thebe obtained from Sage Publications, Inc.,September, 1972, issue of the Journal ofWorld Education explores the reasons forP.O. Box 776, Beverly Hills, CA 90210,The Journal, which focuses on international conflict, prints articles on "socialscientific research and theory on humanconflict." It welcomes manuscripts' oninnovative applications and basic researchapplicable to several disciplines. Theseshould be sent in triplicate to the edi-the expanding interest in education forpeace. Information regarding membershipin the Association of World Colleges andUniversities, which includes the Journal isavailable from Leah R Karpen, 3 HarborHill Drive, Huntington, New York 11743.The World Without War Council, 1730creation of peace studies programs?torial offices, 124 Prospect Street, YaleGrove Street, Apartment B, Berkeley,There neither can nor should be onecommon answer for all programs, or forall peace studies scholars, but each ofthem should have a clear and coherentUniversity, New Haven, CT 06520.California 94709, now has a compiled listAn incorrect address was printed inthe winter issue of Peace Research Ab-of over 600 books it distributes; it alsoanswer to help in deciding what to do andwhat not to do. Peace studies should bedevoted to serving specific human valuesthrough deliberate, thoughtful action. Ihave my own special interests, and petstracts Journal and Peace ResearchReviews Journal. Correspondence shouldbe directed to 25 Dunana Avenue,Dundas, Ontario, Canada.The first issue of International Interactions: A Transnational Multidisciplin-means, within that definition. Others ary Journal has appeared under theshould figure out their own answers.Professor George KentUniversity of Hawaii(The Newsletter invites additional comment on this and related subjects fromreaders.)editorship of Edward E. Azar of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.has its own publication program. A copyof its "World Without War Publications:Purposes and Standards" is available without charge.The Council on Religion and International Affairs, 170 East 64th Street, NewYork, New York 10021,, has collected apublications list of pamphlets useful topersons teaching courses on war andsubscriptions of 12 can be obtainedpeace. These apply to specific geographical areas, to general questions on mo.ality and ethics and to contemporary problems related to nuclear war, foreign aid,militarism and policy-making.Manchester College's Peace StudiesBulletin contains the compiled papers ofits April, 1972, conference on "The Rolethrough Gordon and Breach, 42 Williamof the University in the Development ofIt will publish articles, research notes, andreviews designed "to expose and explorethe patterns of cooperation, conflict, andinterdependence on Spaceship Earth,"and in so doing bridge the gap betweenscholars in varying disciplines. Individual[Continued on Page 4)3

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)Study of Peace, Husslein Hall, 3801 WestPine, St. Louis, Missouri 63103.The Journal of Conflict Resolutionin December,published a special1972"Peace Research In Transition: AissueRoger E. Sappington, Ph.D., is seekinga position in peace studies program at thecollege level. Authority on Church of theBrethren and historic peace churches andThe Academy for Educational Development, Inc., 437 Madison Avenue, N.Y.,NY 10022, has available a brochure on"Resolving International Disputes." Thisdescribes a project on InternationalPeace." The articles emphasize the areasof peace in which education has playedan active part. Copies are available at 1%ach by contacting the Institute for thenon-resistance movements, 15 yearsNegotiation and Mediation which theexperience, extensive publications.Academy has begun. Further informationis available from Dale Christensen of theAcademy.Woods Drive, Bridgewater, VA 22812.Interested in teachit g, research, or admin-istrative position. Write to: 28 CollegeLarry 'N. Arnold, J.D., with back-Symposium," which marks the end oftwo decades in which organized peaceground in law and sociology and withresearch has become a rapidly expandingworldwide interdisciplinary movement.'The editor's have presented an overview ofpeace research development and raisedsome vital questions about priorities forthe future. Single copies are 5 each.Write: Journal of Conflict Resolution,Sage Publications, Inc., 275 SouthBeverly Drive, Beverly Hills, 'California90212.The Politics of Nonviolent Action byGene Sharp is a definitive work on thenature of nonviolent-struggle as a socialand political struggle. This-comprehensivebook identifies 198 specific methods ofaction that challenge the ultimate power.Itisavailable at 24.95 fr

Yuba College Marysville, CA 95901. PUBLISHED LISTS OF PROGRAMS. COPRED has a booklet listing its members with descriptions for most of them of program activities. It is available . COPRED Calendar, 1973-74. A preliminary schedule of COPRED-related activities includes: October 18-20, 1973COPRED EXECU. TIVE COMMITTEE MEETING, Uni-