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Aircraft Electronics TechnicianAETStudy GuideNational Center for Aerospace & Transportation TechnologiesPO Box 136818Fort Worth, TX 76179(817) 984-4738www.ncatt.org
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study GuideDESCRIPTIONThis AET Study Guide is designed to be used in preparing for the NCATT AETCertification examination. The study guide addresses each NCATT AET knowledge“Standard” and the required level of understanding for passing the AET examination.The AET examination will ask one or more questions from each of the standards areas.Use of this study guide coupled with a serious review of the references and studymaterials that are provided on the NCATT website (www.ncatt.org) will ensure theindividual is adequately prepared to join the ranks of “Certified Aircraft ElectronicsTechnicians”.REFERENCES*The Reference listing is for suggested materials and does not encompass all available referencesfor use. Inclusion in this reference list is not indicative of an NCATT endorsement of materials.1.2.3.4.5.Bessette, Bruce 2012, Avionics Certification Test Study Guide Second EditionElectrical/Electronic TextbookFAR Handbook for Aviation Maintenance TechniciansManufacturer’s Avionics Installation Instruction Service ManualsUnited States, Federal Aviation Administration. (1976). AC65-15A Airframe andPowerplant Mechanics Airframe Handbook. Washington: GPO.6. United States, Federal Aviation Administration. (1976). AC65-9A Airframe andPowerplant Mechanics General Handbook. Washington: GPO7. United States, Federal Aviation Administration. (1998). AC43.13 1B (WithChange 1) & 2A* (With Change 2): Acceptable Methods, Techniques, andPractices: Aircraft Inspection, Repair, and Alterations. Washington: GPO.Reprinted by Jeppesen Sanderson Training Products. *As of 03/03/2008, 2A,Alterations, is revised to 2B8. www.ncatt.org/pages/resourcesCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 1 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study GuideNCATT Level DefinitionsTaskScaleDefinition: The Individual1IS EXTREMELY LIMITED. (Can do simple parts of the task.Performance 2IS PARTIALLY PROFICIENT. (Can do most parts of the task.Levels3IS COMPETENT. (Can do all parts of the task. Needs only a4IS HIGHLY PROFICIENT. (Can do the complete task quicklyTaskaKnowledgebLevelscKNOWS NOMENCLATURE. (Can name parts, tools, and simplefacts about the task.)KNOWS PROCEDURES. (Can determine step-by-stepprocedures for doing the task.)KNOWS OPERATING PRINCIPLES. (Can identify why and whenthe task must be done and why each step is needed.)KNOWS ADVANCED THEORY. (Can predict, isolate, and resolveproblems about the task.)d*SubjectAKNOWS FACTS. (Can identify basic facts and terms about theKnowledgeBKNOWS PRINCIPLE. (Can identify relationship of basic factsLevelsCKNOWS ANALYSIS. (Can analyze facts and principles andDKNOWS EVALUATION. (Can evaluate conditions and makeExplanationsA task knowledge scale value may be used alone or with a task performance scalevalue to define a level of knowledge for a specific task. (Example: b and 1b)*A subject knowledge scale value is used alone to define a level of knowledge for asubject not directly related to any specific task, or for a subject common to severaltasks.Copyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 2 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study GuideI.Introductory and General RequirementsII.Common Maintenance PracticesIII.Fundamentals of On Equipment MaintenanceIV.Aircraft FundamentalsThere are thirty- four basic fundamental Subject Knowledge, Task Performance and TaskKnowledge activities and functions within the NCATT Standard for an Aircraft ElectronicsTechnician (AET). The AET Standard was identified and defined by aerospace industrySubject-Matter-Experts (SMEs) through an NCATT facilitated, industry recognized,occupational analysis workshop. NCATT workshops focus on the “job” a technician performs inrelation to an identified topic or career field.The NCATT AET Standard can be used by Aerospace Industry education and trainingentities to develop lesson plans as part of a complete education and training programfocused on Aircraft Electronics Technicians. They can also be used to develop specializedand/or targeted AET education and training needs.Individuals can use this document in preparation to challenge the related endorsementexam(s) by using it as a guide to find relevant materials during the study process.Copyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 3 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study GuideI. Introductory and General Requirements1. Direct Current (DC) Basic TermsNCATT Level AOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this subject will produce an individualwho can identify basic facts and terms about “Direct Current” (DC) Basic Terms. The followingis a minimum list of basic terms associated with this subject. Ampere (A, amp, amperage)o Unit of measurement used to express the flow of electrons (electrical current)o One ampere is a rate of flow of one coulomb (6.28 billion - billion electrons)passing a given point in an electrical circuit per secondo In mathematical problems amperage is expressed by the letter “I”Batteryo A device consisting of a number of primary voltaic cells (cells that cannot berecharged) or secondary cells (cells that can be recharged) connected in series toobtain a desired DC voltageo A battery stores chemical energy and makes the energy available in the electricalformo Aircraft storage batteries are generally rated at 12 or 24 voltsCapacitoro Electrical component used to store electrical energy in the form of an electrostaticfieldo A capacitor is a device made of two parallel conductors separated by an insulatorConductoro Common building block of electrical circuits that easily permits the movement ofelectrons from an electrical source to a load and back to the electrical source witha minimum of resistanceo A conductor’s resistance depends on such factors as cross sectional area, length,temperature, and conductor materialCoulombo Basic unit of electrical quantityo A coulomb is equal to 6.28 billion - billion electrons (6.28 X 10 to the 18th)Currento The flow of electrons through a conductor is known as current flowo The rate of current flow is measured in amperesDirect Currento Flow of electrons in one direction throughout a circuit with constant voltage andcurrento Direct current is caused by a constant difference of potential, both negative andpositiveCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 4 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide Electrono Negatively charged subatomic particles that are located and travel around (orbit)the nucleus in an imaginary sphere or shell at the speed of light (186,000miles/second)o Electrons are involved in the conduction of electricityE.M.F.o The force that causes electrons to flow through a conductoro This force is abbreviated e.m.f.o The unit of measurement for electromotive force is the volto In mathematical problems voltage is expressed by the letter “E”Farado Basic unit of capacitanceo One farad holds one coulomb under a pressure of one voltHenry (H)o Basic unit of measurement for inductance of an electrical coilo One (1) henry is the inductance of a coil when a change of current of one (1)ampere per second induces an e.m.f. of one (1) volto In mathematical problems inductance is expressed by the symbol “L”Inductoro Coil or other device used to introduce inductance into a circuito An inductor is a winding, or coiling, of multiple turns of wireInsulatoro Material or device used to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound fromone medium to anotherLeft-hand Ruleo Refers to electrical generatorso This rule is for determining the direction of movement of a current-carryingconductor in a magnetic fieldMagnetic Permeabilityo Measure of ease that lines of flux travel through a materialMagnetismo Ability of a magnet to attract certain materials containing iron and to influenceelectronso Magnetism is the principal way to effectively produce AC electricityMetric Prefixeso Measurements relating or using the metric system of measurementNeutrono Neutral subatomic particles that exist within the nucleus of all atomso Neutrons are not involved in the conduction of electricityOhm (Ω)o Unit of electrical opposition to the flow of currentCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 5 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide o A circuit has one ohm of resistance when it limits the flow of current to one ampunder a voltage pressure of one voltOhm’s Lawo Ohm’s Law states that “the amount of current flowing in a circuit is directlyproportional to the circuit voltage and inversely proportional to the circuitresistance”o A plain language statement for Ohm’s Law is; One (1) volt causes One (1)ampere to flow through a resistance of One (1) ohm.Protono Positively charged subatomic particles that exist within the nucleus of all atomso Protons are not involved in the conduction of electricityResistance (R)o Electrical characteristic of a conductoro Opposition that a circuit, component, or substance presents to the flow ofelectricityo Resistance is the force that opposes or slows down another force, drops voltage,and consumes powero Resistance is measured in ohmso In mathematical problems ohms of resistance is expressed by the symbol “R”Scientific Notationo Short way of expressing a given number as a number between 1 and 10 multipliedby 10 to the appropriate powerStatic Electricityo Electrical charge that may be built up on a non-conductive surface by frictiono Static electricity serves no useful purposeVolt (V)o Basic unit of electrical pressureo A volt is the amount of force required to cause one amp of current to flow throughone ohm or resistanceo Volt is often expressed by such terms as voltage, voltage drop, potentialdifference, EMF, or IR dropWatts (W)o Basic unit of power that is the product of voltage multiplied by currento One watt is the power produced in a circuit that has one amp of current flowingunder a pressure of one voltWorking Voltageo Maximum amount of DC voltage that can be safely applied across a capacitorCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 6 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide2. Alternating Current (AC) Basic TermsNCATT Level BOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who knows and can identify the relationship of basic facts and state general principlesabout “Alternating Current”. The following is a minimum list of terms associated with thissubject. Alternating Currento Flow of electrons that continuously changes its value in magnitude andperiodically reverses direction (sine-wave)o Alternating current is much easier to produce in large quantities as compared toDC. The time required for one cycle of AC to occur is called the periodApparent Powero Product of effective voltage and effective current which is expressed in VoltAmps (VA) rather than Watts (W) without reference to phase shift, if any,between voltage and currentCapacitive Reactance (XC)o Opposition to current flow in a circuito The affect that capacitance has on an AC circuit is termed capacitive reactanceo In an AC circuit capacitance causes current to lead voltage in phase (ICE)o Values are given in ohmsDelta Woundo Windings arranged in the shape of a triangleo For example, on a three- phase generator, motor, or transformer, two of the phasewindings are in a series, across the third (phase) windingEffective Voltageo Amount of AC that produces the same amount of heat as a corresponding value ofDCo The effective voltage of AC is referred to as the RMS valueo Effective value is always less than the peak value of ACo Unless otherwise specified, all values of AC are considered effective valuesFrequencyo Number of cycles of AC completed in one secondo Frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz), 1 Hz 1 cycle of AC/Secondo The frequency of most AC used in aircraft applications is 400 HzImpedance (Z)o Electrical characteristic of a conductor. Impedance is the total opposition to theflow of AC in an electrical circuit (resistance, capacitance, and inductance)o Values are given in ohmsInductive Reactance (XL)o Opposition to current flow in a circuitCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 7 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide o The affect that inductance has on an AC circuit is termed inductive reactanceo Inductance causes current to lag voltage in phase (ELI). Values are given in ohmsPhase Angleo Angle between two similarly varying quantities (sine-waves)o A phase angle is the difference in angle between two sinusoidally varyingquantities that have the same frequencyPolyphaseo Production of two or more phases of AC, or of two or more alternating voltages ofthe same frequencyo The most common type of polyphase uses three phasesPower Factoro Ratio of the actual power dissipated in an electrical system to the input power ofvolts multiplied by ampso The power factor is the ratio of power dissipated over inputRectifiero Electronic device that converts AC to DCo For example, a set of semiconductor diodes connected in a bridge circuit is arectifierResistance (R)o See Basic Terms/Direct Current (DC).Root Mean Square (RMS)o Effective value of sine-wave alternating currento The RMS value is .707 of the peak valueSine-Waveo Alternating current wave form produced by a rotary generatoro Sine-waves are values of voltage and current that start at zero and smoothly rise toa peak value; the waves smoothly fall from a peak back to zeroo The waves then rise to a peak value in a negative direction and smoothly return tozeroo One AC cycle is produced by 360 degrees of rotationTrue Powero Power actually available in an AC circuito True power is the product of the circuit voltage and the current in phase with thisvoltageo Values are given in wattsWye Woundo Windings arranged in the shape of a Yo For example, on a three-phase generator or transformer, one end of each of thethree windings is connected to form a common pointCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 8 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide3. Basic Circuit Theory of OperationNCATT Level BOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who knows and can identify the relationship of basic facts and state general principlesabout “Basic Circuit Theory of Operation”. The following is a minimum list of terms and taskassociated with this subject. Ampere (A, amp)o See Basic Terms/Direct Current (DC)Bridge Circuitso Contains four impedances that form a squareo Two diagonally opposite corners are connected to an input deviceo The other two diagonally opposite corners are connected to an output deviceComplex Circuitso Contains a combination of series and parallel circuitsJouleso International measure of energy expended in the kilogram, meter, and secondsystem of unitso Also known as a Newton-meter, a Joules is the amount of work done when a forceof one newton moves an object one meter along the direction of the forceKirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)o Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that “the algebraic sum of the current flowingaway from any point in an electrical circuit is equal to the sum of the currentflowing to that point”Kirchhoff’s Resistance Law (KRL)o Kirchhoff’s Resistance Law states that “the total resistance in a series circuit isthe sum of the individual resistances or loads in the circuit”Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)o Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that “the algebraic sum of all of the voltage dropsin any closed circuit is equal to zero”Ohm’s Lawo See Basic Terms/Direct Current (DC)Parallel Circuitso Contains more than one path for currento Circuit components are connected directly across each othero Current is divided between each branch in the circuitPowero Product of applied voltage and current power in a DC circuito Product of applied voltage and the current in phase with the voltage in an ACcircuitCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 9 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide Resistance (R)o See Basic Terms/Direct Current (DC)Resistors in Parallel Circuitso Causes a reduction of current in multiple circuitsResistors in Series Circuitso Causes a reduction of current in one circuitSeries Circuitso Contains only one path for current, making current common through allcomponentso Series circuit components are connected end-to-endVoltage Dropo Reduction in voltage caused by current flowing through a resistoro Voltage drop is called an IR (current X resistance) dropVolts (V)o See Basic Terms/Direct Current (DC)Wattso See Basic Terms/Direct Current (DC)4. Basic Circuit TroubleshootingNCATT Level 2bOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who is partially proficient in the performance task of “Basic Circuit Troubleshooting”.The individual will be able to do most parts of the task and will need help only on the hardestparts. In addition, he or she will know the task procedures, and can determine the step-by-stepprocedures for doing the task. The following is a minimum list of terms and task associated withthis subject.Note: As with all troubleshooting and maintenance activities it is a good idea to keep up with thelatest manufacturer’s service bulletins, service instructions, service letters and FAAAirworthiness Directives (AD). Manufacture’s service information is optional. AirworthinessDirectives are mandatory.Basic Troubleshooting Tools: Multimetero Most versatile electrical measuring instrument used by aircraft technicianso A multimeter measures voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuito Each multimeter has a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter which are used toanalyze values in electrical circuitso See Perform Wire Maintenance Continuity Checks and Use TestEquipment/Special ToolsCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 10 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide Voltmetero Used to find a circuit problem with power on the circuito When checking for zero output voltage, a good starting point is to check the inputwith a voltmeterAmmetero Used to find a circuit problem with power on the circuito Millimeters and micro ammeters measure very small rates of current flowOhmmetero Used to find a circuit problem when power is removed from the circuito Ohmmeters measures resistanceOscilloscopeo Measures and displays voltage (AC peak-to-peak values) in waveforms (output)of a wave generating circuito See Use Test Equipment/Special ToolsBasic Troubleshooting Theory: Continuity Check/Testo Checks for the existence of a complete electrical system between two pointso Most of the time, a voltmeter or ohmmeter is used to test the continuity of acircuito Tests should be made at each terminal of the circuit to isolate the problemSteps in the Troubleshooting Process: Isolate the problemo Is the equipment being operated properlyo Is the problem ongoingo Is the problem intermittento Is the problem worse during taxio Is the problem worse during takeoffo Does the problem exist while cruisingo Is the problem worse during landingo Is the software loaded properlyo What impact does weather have on the problemCheck for the obviouso Are there any loose connectionso Loose or broken wiringo Bent or Frayed wiringo Inoperative indicator lightso Are there bad electrical bondso Broken or cracked partso Anything puncturedCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 11 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide o Is the component over heatingo Do some components need adjustingUse troubleshooting chartso Solve the malfunction problem, if possible, by locating the possible cause,following the isolation procedure, and making the correction (s) as shown on atroubleshooting chartCheck manufacturer informationo Find information on components or systems in manufacturer’s installation andoperations manuals or on their WebsitePerform operational checks on components or systemso Locate the fault through checks using a multimeter, oscilloscope, or otherappropriate testing instruments or methodsTroubleshooting Circuits:The most common problems encountered while troubleshooting circuits are the following: Open resistors or contactsShorts between conductorsIndividuals should consider how to troubleshoot the following circuits for defects using amultimeter. Bridge CircuitsComplex Circuits with a Voltage DropParallel CircuitsResistors in Parallel CircuitsResistors in Series CircuitsSeries Circuits5. Basic Circuit CalculationsNCATT Level BOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who knows and can identify the relationship of basic facts and state general principlesabout “Basic Circuit Calculations”. The following is a minimum list of terms associated with thissubject.AC Circuit Calculations: Apparent Powero See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Capacitanceo Electrical characteristic of a conductorCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 12 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide o Capacitance is the amount of electrical charge that can be stored in a capacitorunder a given amount of electrical pressure (voltage)o Capacitance causes the current to lead the applied voltageCapacitive Reactance (XC)o See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Effective Valueo Value of sine-wave alternating current needed to produce the same amount of heatas the value of the direct currentFrequencyo See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Impedance (Z)o See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Inductanceo Electrical characteristic of a conductor. Inductance causes voltage to be producedwhen it is cut or crossed by lines of magnetic flux. Inductance causes the currentto lag the applied voltageInductive Reactance (XL)o See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Peak Voltageo Voltage measured from zero voltage to the maximum number of volts generatedPeriodo Amount of time for one complete cycle of oscillation to take placePhase angleo See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Power Factoro See Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Reactanceo Electrical characteristic of a conductorReactance is opposition to AC flow by coils and capacitorsValues are given in ohmsResonanceElectrical characteristic of a conductorResonance occurs in an electrical circuit when the inductive and capacitive reactance areequalTrue PowerSee Basic Terms/Alternating Current (AC)Copyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 13 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study GuideDC Circuit Calculations:Mathematics is an integral part of electronics. By using formulas based on Ohm’s Laws andKirchhoff’s Laws individuals can show the relationship between the following terms: Ampere (A, amps)Ohm (Ω)Volts (V)Watts (W)6. DC / AC Basic Circuit MeasurementsNCATT Level 2bOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who is partially proficient in the performance task of “DC / AC Basic CircuitMeasurements”. The individual will be able to do most parts of the task and will need help onlyon the hardest parts. In addition, he or she will know the task procedures, and can determine thestep-by-step procedures for doing the task. The following is a minimum list of terms and taskassociated with this subject. Ammeterso Electrical testing instrument used to measure the amount of current flowingthrough a loado Values are given in ampso Some ammeters measure milliamps and micro ampsMultimetero Multi-function meter used to test current values, voltage values, or ohmic values(resistance)o A selector switch is used to set the multimeter as an ammeter, voltmeter, orohmmetero Displays on a multimeter are provided in both analog and digital formato Use a multimeter whenever possibleOhmmeterso Electrical testing instrument used to measure resistance in a circuit or componento Values are given in ohmso An ohmmeter provides an effective and quick way to test the condition of aswitchOscilloscopeso Electronic test instrument that displays the waveforms of electrical signalso Oscilloscopes measure voltages (AC peak-to-peak values), measure time todetermine frequencies, and display phase relationships (comparisons ofwaveforms in time) to identify equipment malfunctionsCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 14 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide Voltmeterso Electrical testing instrument used to measure electrical voltage across componentso Values are given in volts7. Resistor / Color CodesNCATT Level AOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who can identify basic facts and terminology related to determining or finding thevalue of a fixed resistor.Color Codes: Refer to a schematic diagram where the value of the resistor is printedMeasure the individual resistor with an ohmmeterRead the value (color code band) from the resistor itself, if it is legibleOptional - Use the mnemonic, “Big Bears Romp On Yellow Grass But Violets Grow WithoutGetting Stomped Good Story? – oldSilverNo Color890.10.001 5% 10% 20%8. Resistor / Fault IsolationNCATT Level 2bOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who is partially proficient in the performance task of “Resistor / Fault Isolation”. Theindividual will be able to do most parts of the task and will need help only on the hardest parts.In addition, he or she will know the task procedures, and can determine the step-by-stepprocedures for doing the task. The following is a minimum list of terms and task associated withthis subject.Isolate Faulty Resistors: Improperly Installed Resistorso Fault caused by resistors that are not installed correctly or installed non-compliantto industry standardsCopyright 2012 by the National Center for Aerospace & Transportation Technologies. All rights reserved. Individuals maydownload, print, and make copies of this document for their own personal use. Commercial use prohibited.Page 15 of 60
NCATT Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) Study Guide Open Resistorso Fault caused by an incomplete path for current to flow from one terminal toanothero It is possible for a resistor or fuse to open without showing any visible signs ofdamageResistors of Incorrect Valueo Fault caused by resistors that are outside of their specified valuesShorted Resistorso Fault that allows electrical current to flow across a part of the circuit that shouldact as an insulatoro Circuits with multiple components or circuit traces close together on a printedcircuit board commonly have faultso Short circuits caused by foreign materials are common9. InductorsNCATT Level BOutcome: A successful education or training outcome for this task/subject will produce anindividual who knows and can identify the relationship of basic facts and state general principlesabout “Inductors”. The following is a minimum list of t
Certification examination. The study guide addresses each NCATT AET knowledge "Standard" and the required level of understanding for passing the AET examination. The AET examination will ask one or more questions from each of the standards areas. Use of this study guide coupled with a serious review of the references and study
