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OVERVIEWOFSS 578:2019CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE USEAND MAINTENANCE OFPORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERSFSM BRIEFING 20211
OBJECTIVES OF THIS CODE OF PRACTICE: COVERS THE SELECTION, INSTALLATION,INSPECTION, TESTING & MAINTENANCE OFPORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. THE REQUIREMENTS STATED THEREIN ARETHE MINIMUM. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ARE ESSENTIAL EVENIF OTHER FORMS OF FIRE PROTECTIONEQUIPMENT LIKE HOSE REELS, SPRINKLERSAND RISING MAINS ARE INSTALLED ON THEPREMISES.FSM BRIEFING 20212
WHAT IS A FIRE EXTINGUISHER?AN APPLIANCE CONTAINING ANEXTINGUISHING MEDIUM THAT CANBE EXPELLED BY THE ACTION OFINTERNAL PRESSURE AND DIRECTEDON TO A FIREFSM BRIEFING 20213
A PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER It is designed to be carried andby hand.operated Has a mass of not more than 20 kg.Extinguishers heavier than 20 kg arewheel mounted.FSM BRIEFING 20214
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERSFSM BRIEFING 20215
WHEELED FIRE EXTINGUISHERSFSM BRIEFING 20216
Extinguisher design safety is determined bythe country’s standards for manufacture,performance testing and labelling of theextinguisher.This is the responsibility of themanufacturer to get the extinguishers listed toSS EN 3 standards by an approvedcertification body.Once an extinguisher is placed in service, it isthe owner’s responsibility to maintain it to SS578 standards during its life cycle.FSM BRIEFING 20217
SINGAPORE STANDARDS:SS.EN 3 Series – Specification for portableFire Extinguishers.SS.578 – Code of Practice for use andmaintenance of portable fireextinguishersFSM BRIEFING 20218
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRESThis classification is particularly for use with fire extinguishers.The different classes of fires are classified according to the materials on fire:Class AFires involving ordinary combustiblematerials like wood, paper etcClass BFires involving flammable liquids, solvents,oils, paints, thinner and liquefiable solidsClass CFires involving flammable gasesClass DFires involving combustible metalsClass FFires involving cooking media in cookingappliancesFires involving ElectricalEquipmentThere is no recognised classification for thisadditional type of fire. Electricity in itself doesnot burn but can cause fire in Class A,B,C, Dand FFSM BRIEFING 20219
SS.EN 3-7COMPONENTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER:HEADASSEMBLYDISCHARGE VALVE& CARRYINGHANDLEPRESSUREGAUGELabel of the extinguisherwith info on contents, ratingof the extinguisher,maintenance instructions,etc.HOSE & HORNBODYFSM BRIEFING 202110
SS.EN 3-7REQUIREMENT OF COMPONENTS:SAFETY PIN& SEALTYPES OFBRACKETSFSM BRIEFING 202111
SS.EN 3-7REQUIREMENT OF COMPONENTS:5. Pressure Indicator shall indicate whether extinguisher isin operable condition6. Pressure gauge shall have a green zone (workingpressure zone). The zones on either side of the greenzone shall be red.FSM BRIEFING 202112
SS.EN 3-7FIRE PERFORMANCESpecifies a series of tests to test the efficiency of theextinguisher and give it a rating for each class of fire.Portable fire extinguishers are classified for use oncertain classes of fires and rated for relativeeffectiveness.The ratings are written as (e.g.) 13A, 115B, 75FFSM BRIEFING 202113
SS.EN 3-7CLASS C & D FIRE TESTSThere are no fire tests for class C & D ratingsprescribed in this code.Manufacturers are to prove to authority andcertification laboratory, the suitability of theextinguisher for the particular class of fire to be listed.FSM BRIEFING 202114
SS.EN 3-7EXTINGUISHER IDENTIFICATION & MARKINGSSS.EN.3-7 specifies the colour of the extinguisher andthe way it should be labelled.The colour of the body shall be red with a zone of colourband to identify the extinguishing agent.COLOURBANDBODYCOLOURFSM BRIEFING 202115
SS.EN 3-7EXTINGUISHER IDENTIFICATION & MARKINGSStandard pictograms on extinguishers to denote theclasses of fires the extinguisher can be used effectivelyFSM BRIEFING 202116
SS.EN 3-7EXTINGUISHER IDENTIFICATION & MARKINGS1. WORD – “FIRE EXTINGUISHER”.2. TYPE & NOMINAL CHARGE.3. TYPE OF FIRES IT CAN BE USED ON.4. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE.5. RESTRICTIONS OR DANGERS OFUSE.6. MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS.7. MAKERS NAME & ADDRESS.8. YEAR OF MANUFACTURE.TYPICAL LABEL OFFIRE EXTINGUISHERFSM BRIEFING 202117
SS.EN 3-7EXTINGUISHER IDENTIFICATION & MARKINGSEXAMPLESOFAPPROVEDLABELSFSM BRIEFING 202118
SS.EN 3-10Fire extinguishers for use in Singapore mustbe approved by the relevant authorityFSM BRIEFING 202119
SS 578 : 2019USE & MAINTENANCEOF PORTABLE FIREEXTINGUISHERSFSM BRIEFING 202120
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Extinguishers shall be conspicuously located, readily accessible& immediately available, e.g.a) Exit staircases(just beside the exit doors but not insideexit staircaseb) Exit doors(for 1st Storey)c) Common lobby or common corridord) Room exit access doorse) Internal corridor along path of escape Extinguishers for special risks shall be sited near to the riskconcerned, but not too near as to be inaccessible in case of afire. If the special risk is contained in a confined space, its isgenerally advisable to position the extinguisher outside thatspaceFSM BRIEFING 202121
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Extinguishers shall not be sited where they may beexposed to unduly corrosive atmospheres or to splashingby corrosive fluids Extinguishers shall be mounted on walls by the hangersor brackets suppliedFSM BRIEFING 202122
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Cabinets shall not be locked. If locked for security reasons– must include means of emergency access.FSM BRIEFING 202123
GENERAL REQUIREMENTSIn certain locations where visual obstruction cannot beavoided, appropriate signs shall be provided to indicatethe location:Examples of signs usedto indicate location of fireextinguishersAs per SS 508: 2013FSM BRIEFING 202124
GENERAL REQUIREMENTSExtinguishers shall be installed such that the carrying handles areat a height above floor based on their gross weight:Max. 1.2mfor grosswt. 4 kgMax. 1mfor grosswt. 4 kgFLOOR LEVELFSM BRIEFING 202125
SS 578: 2019INSPECTION &MAINTENANCE OFFIRE EXTINGUISHERSFSM BRIEFING 202126
MAINTENANCE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERSINVOLVES FOUR TYPES OF ACTIVITIES:1. Inspection2. Maintenance3. Recharging4. Hydrostatic testingFSM BRIEFING 202127
SS 578Fire extinguishers shall beinspected monthlyAnd maintained annuallyFSM BRIEFING 202128
What is an inspection?An inspection is a visual examination (a quickcheck) to see that the extinguisher is in goodworking orderWhat is maintenance?Maintenance work involves a thoroughexamination of the extinguisher and itscontentsFSM BRIEFING 202129
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE?The owner or occupant of the property in which fireextinguishers are located shall be responsible for theinspection, maintenance and rechargingInspection is normally performed by the owner oroccupant or any designated responsible personnel.FSM BRIEFING 202130
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE?Maintenance & recharging shall be performed bycompetent persons of an approved organisation,authorised by the relevant authority and havingavailable the proper types of tools, recharge materials,lubricants, and manufacturer’s recommendedreplacement parts.FSM BRIEFING 202131
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE?COMPETENT PERSON:A person with qualifications, training and experience, with accessto relevant tools, equipment and information, manuals andknowledge of any special procedures recommended by themanufacturer of an extinguisher, to carry out the relevantmaintenance procedures.FSM BRIEFING 202132
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE?APPROVED ORGANISATION:The organization, company or workshop with relevant tools,recharge material, lubricants and manufacturer’s recommendedreplacement parts, authorized by relevant authority to beresponsible for the maintenance and recharging of fireextinguishers.This organization shall be certified by the certification bodyauthorized by the relevant authority.FSM BRIEFING 202133
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE?APPROVED ORGANISATION:The approved organization shall not engage or appoint a thirdparty organization or persons to perform the inspection,maintenance, recharging and issuance of maintenance servicelabels for the fire extinguisher on their behalf.FSM BRIEFING 202134
INSPECTION PROCEDURE Extinguisher in itscorrect location Not obstructed Check service labelfor next maintenancedateFSM BRIEFING 202135
INSPECTION Label legible Tamper seal intact Check pressure gaugereadingFSM BRIEFING 202136
INSPECTION Check fullness byweighing Gross weightshould tally withlabelFSM BRIEFING 202137
INSPECTIONCO2 EXTINGUISHER CONTENTS CAN ONLY BE CHECKEDBY WEIGHINGFSM BRIEFING 202138
INSPECTIONCHECKFORPHYSICALDAMAGEFSM BRIEFING 202139
INSPECTION:CORRECTIVE ACTION: If inspection reveals any deficiency the extinguisher shall be subjected tofull maintenance procedures Evidence of corrosion or physicaldamage – extinguisher to behydrostatically testedFSM BRIEFING 202140
INSPECTION:RECORD KEEPINGAn inspection record shall be kept of thoseextinguishers that were found to requirecorrective actionsDate of inspection & initials of person performingthe inspection shall be recorded.Inspection/maintenance records shall be kept bythe owner.FSM BRIEFING 202141
MAINTENANCETo be carried out at least once a year or whenindicated by the inspectionWork involves a thorough examination of theextinguisher and its contents and shall be carriedout by a competent personExtinguishers taken away for maintenance workshall have in replacement, extinguishers of thesame type and at least equal ratingFSM BRIEFING 202142
RECORD KEEPING: SERVICE LABELEach extinguisher subjected to maintenance work shallbe affixed with a service label stating month & year workdone and whether serviced, recharged or hydrostatictested.The label shall identify theperson and organisationperforming the serviceThe service label shall be affixedwith a control tag issued by theCB and it will have a uniqueserial number for this servicecompanyFSM BRIEFING 202143
RECORD KEEPING: SERVICE LABEL FROM 1ST JANUARY 2020 ONWARDS ALL SERVICED PORTABLE FIREEXTINGUISHERS SHALL HAVE A “CONTROL TAG” AFFIXED TOGETHERWITH THE SERVICING WORKSHOP’S SERVICE LABEL. EACH CONTROL TAG WILL HAVE ITS OWN CONTROLLED SERIAL NUMBER. THE CONTROL TAG HAS TO BE PURCHASED FROM TUV SUD PSB. THE TAGS CAN ONLY BE PURCHASED BY SERVICE PROVIDERS WHO AREREGISTERED WITH TUV SUD PSB AS APPROVED FIRE EXTINGUISHERSERVICE WORKSHOPS.FSM BRIEFING 202144
RECORD KEEPING: SERVICE LABELEXAMPLE OF CONTROL TAGTHE CONTROL TAGS WILL BE TAMPERPROOF WITH QR CODE PRINTED ON ITFSM BRIEFING 202145
RECORD KEEPING: SERVICE LABELThe service label shall be affixed with a control tag issued by theCertification Body and it will have a unique serial number for thisservice company.CONTROLTAGAFFIXEDTOSERVICELABELFSM BRIEFING 202146
RECORD KEEPINGThe approved organization shall keep proper recordsof the tags and labels affixed to extinguishers on whichmaintenance works have been carried out.Such records shall include: Date maintenance work was carried out; Serial number of the label and tag affixed to theextinguisher; and Name of person or organization that owns theextinguisher.FSM BRIEFING 202147
RECORDKEEPING:The service label shall notbe placed over theoperating instructions of theextinguisher.FSM BRIEFING 202148
RECORD KEEPING:WRONG USE OF CONTROLTAGThe Control Tag shall beaffixed such that it is partiallyover the service label andpartially over the extinguisherbodyFSM BRIEFING 202149
FSM BRIEFING 202150
fire extinguisher. fsm briefing 2021 18 ss.en 3-7 extinguisher identification & markings examples of approved labels. fsm briefing 2021 19 . co 2 extinguisher contents can only be checked by weighing. fsm briefing 2021 39 inspection check for physical damage. fsm briefing 2021 40 inspection:
