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THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FORMODERN ENGINEERS1 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS01: INTRODUCTIONPages 1 - 5 The IoT revolution Smart products The smart product mechanical engineer02: WHAT IS IoT?Pages 6 - 9 Consumer IoT Industrial IoT Sense. Analyze. Connect. Exchange.03: HOW DOES IoT WORK?Pages 10 - 17 The IoT process Product components Sensors Connectivity Cloud External sources Data visualization2 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS04: WHY DOES IoT MATTER?Pages 18 - 21 Better products, better world. Closed loop design Key takeaways for engineers05: CONCLUSIONPages 22 Summary

INTRODUCTIONThe IoT revolutionBy now you’ve probably heard the hype surroundingthe Internet of Things (IoT) and smart products. Ina way, it’s analogous to the dawn of the desktopcomputer. Maybe the notion that computers wouldpopulate desks seemed implausible at first, butthe new technology had significant impacts in time- everyone has some kind of desktop or portabledevice today.The Internet of Things may feel like an overusedterm, but it has real benefits for engineers,businesses, and consumers. IoT introducescountless opportunities to disrupt the statusquo across top industries with reimaginedproducts. It offers enormous quantities of productperformance data, functions that improve consumerexperiences, predictive maintenance possibilities,and new service lines, each paving new avenues forengineers to design better products.In an increasingly connected world, engineersare uniquely positioned to steer the course ofinnovation by embracing IoT.3 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERSPotential economic impact ofup to 6.2 trillion by 2025.175%of companies from acrossindustries are alreadyexploring IoT.295%of C-Suite executivesexpect their company tobe using IoT.263%of C-Suite executivesbelieve that companiesslow to integrate IoTwill fall behind thecompetition.2

INTRODUCTIONSmart productsIn the United States alone, there are about 256,363manufacturing firms.3 That’s a lot of products beingengineered and manufactured.With the Internet of Things, those products (and themachines that make them) can communicate with you,their surroundings, and each other. Products are findingtheir voices, and it turns out they have a lot to say.Smart products can. Sense their environment by collecting data abouttheir surroundings Analyze big data and perform computationsthrough software Connect to other things, allowing them to Exchange data and commands with other things 4The Internet of Things is constructing a future withan infrastructure of billions of smart, connectedproducts – products that leverage data andcommunicate with each other to operate withincreased productivity and efficiency.Things are getting smarter. Are you?THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS 4

INTRODUCTIONThe smart productmechanical engineerIoT is inevitably changing how engineers designproducts. While the mechanical engineer of thefuture needs the same foundation of technical skillsand savvy for creative problem-solving as always,additional characteristics will soon be necessary.Cravesconnection:Considers possibilitiesfor products to interactwith other things.Pioneersproducts:Realizes the fullpotential of smart,connected devices.Seeks ways to create abetter user experiencewith IoT technology inevery product.Makesmechatronics:Understands bothmechanical anddigital componentsof products, and canseamlessly integratethem in to smart devices.Digs data:Has access to realproduct performancedata and leverages itin future designs.Better design better engineering.5 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERSSmart withsensors:Comes equippedwith key elementsof smart products(like sensors). Knowshow to incorporatesmart technologyin to designs.

WHAT IS IoT?IoT is an industry buzzword, but what does it mean? Loosely, the Internet of Things references the growingnetwork of smart, connected products. This network is impacting top industries and changing how things aredesigned, made, and used.6 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

WHAT IS IoT?Consumer IoTAny product directly used by a consumer is part of the consumer IoT. Some consumer products are alreadywidely used, such as fitness tracking devices, smart watches, and home products (think of the Nestthermostat or the Apple Home Kit). It’s predicted that in 2016, 33% of adults will use some form of IoT in theirhome, as a wearable, or in their car, and this group is only expected to grow.57 Rachio lawn-watering systemFitbitWith sensors and an internet connection, Rachiogathers data such as weather forecasts, soil andplant types, and sun exposure in order to customizea watering schedule. An app connected to thephysical device enables users to control the systemremotely and check in at any time.Fitbit fitness tracking wearables track users’ dailyactivity, calories, heart rate, and sleep time. Thedevice connects to a phone application, so ownerscan closely monitor all the data generated.THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

WHAT IS IoT?Industrial IoTThe industrial IoT includes any product used by a company to deliver a good or service, such as factorymachinery or industrial vehicles. The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) unlocks new opportunities for betterproduct design, improved customer satisfaction, increased uptime, and additional streams of revenue.8 Premier deicersABBPremier implemented an IoT solution on airplanedeicers with a goal to increase efficiency, gatheringdata on system component performance, fluidpressure, flow, temperature, volumes and overallusage. With this information, downtime can beminimized by predicting component failure andensuring fluid usage does not exceed supply levels.ABB built remotely monitored spare parts lockerswith integrated barcode and RFID scanners whichwere shipped globally to their customers sitesstocked with spares. As parts are checked out ofthe lockers and used, the inventory can be trackedand trigger automated ordering processes toreplenish the locker relieving spare shortages andstreamlining the asset management process.THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

WHAT IS IoT?Sense. Analyze.Connect. Exchange.The Internet of Things as it is known today had aninconspicuous start in 1999 with a tube of lipstick.Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble noticed that whenhe visited stores, one shade of P&G lipstick wasalways sold out. To understand why lipstick couldn’tstay stocked, Ashton had an idea: attach a RFID tag tothe product, collect data from it with a wireless router,and use it to tell stores what’s on the shelf.He coined the phrase the “Internet of Things” to referto the network of devices connected to the internetthat can collect and exchange data with the goalof achieving a better product experience. IoT is farfrom limited to drugstore shelves, with applicationsfundamentally transforming industries. In fact, themost valuable uses of IoT are found in the industrialrather than the consumer realm.9 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

HOW DOES IoT WORK?What makes a smart product so smart? IoT devices have several unique features that set them apart fromnon-connected products.10 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

HOW DOES IoT WORK?The IoT processCOMMANDS 0110100013DATACLOUDData from the sensor issent to the cloud via acommunication protocol.The cloud stores, processes, andanalyzes the data it receives withsoftware. Rules programmed insoftware send messages to devicesand users based on the data received.5VISUALIZATIONOF DATAData is translated intoactionable informationand visualized onprograms for users.111 46PRODUCTEXTERNAL INFORMATIONINSIGHTSThe product is equipped with both mechanical andelectrical components, including sensors. Sensorsgenerate data about the device and its environment.Data from external sources is also analyzedin the cloud, and software tells the physicalproduct how to react to this information.Data offers insights to engineersabout real product performance.THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

HOW DOES IoT WORK?Product componentsThe physical IoT product consists of mechanical hardware, electrical hardware, and software.Besides the mechanical enclosure of the product, there are key electronic aspects including sensors, data storagedevices, and control software. These components are what make the “smart” part of smart products possible.Mechanical hardwareElectro-mechanical hardwareSoftwareElectrical twareActuatorsControllerMisc. esy of Diego Tamburini12 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

HOW DOES IoT WORK?SensorsSensors are not entirely new hardware, butdeclining prices and smaller sizes are acting as acatalyst to their widespread use. This affordabilityis partly responsible for the revolution of IoT.Sensors are electro-mechanical hardware devicesattached to a product that generate data about itsenvironment. These small components can collectbillions of gigabytes of information on nearlyanything happening in or around a product.Sensors are commonly used to gather data like: ue or force VoltageLightMotionSoundHumidityWeightAs an engineer designing for IoT, you will needto consider what data will be valuable to collect,and incorporate the necessary sensors early in thedesign process.13 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

HOW DOES IoT WORK?ConnectivityAfter data is generated by sensors, it is transmitted betweendevices and to the cloud through communication protocols.Common protocols include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and cellularconnections (3G, 4G, and LTE, for instance). While each protocolessentially serves the same purpose, they differ in typical distancerange, power consumption, and means of internet connection.A gateway is a bridge between devices that are capturing machinedata and the Internet that serves two functions: 1) normalizing datafrom those devices to a standardized format, and 2) supportingcommunication to the Internet.As an engineer designing smart products, you will need to designso that connectivity components are ruggedized, able to withstandindustrial use. You will also need to take measures to ensure thesecurity of data at each point in the transmission process.CLOUD3G, 4G, LTEGATEWAYWi-Fi, ZigBee, BluetoothDEVICES14 THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERS

HOW DOES IoT WORK?CloudThe massive amount of data generated by smart products istransmitted from the products to the cloud, the storage andcomputing facet of the device. In the cloud, data is securelystored, processed, and analyzed. It operates remotely andhas basically unlimited storage capacities.The IoT cloud component consists of software, a big dataengine, an application platform, and a database.15 The software is the boss of the operation, monitoringand controlling product functions. Software addsvalue to hardware by converting unorganized data intoactionable information The big data engine crunches the numbers – it analyzesincoming data and uncovers product insights. The application platform organizes and presentsinformation – it enables visualization and access to dataso users can see what their product is saying. The database stores information, aggregating andmanaging incoming data in real time.THE ESSENTIALS OF IoT FOR MODERN ENGINEERSWith the introduction of cloud technology intoproducts, software and hardware must seamlesslycomplement each other. It’s likely that you’ve alreadydesigned products with control systems like PLCsand SCADA, but IoT is progressing this connectivity,communication, and control with more advancedcapabilities and increasing integration of mechanicaland electronic aspects.