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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationThe European Nitrogen AssessmentSources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesA century ago, when the world depended on fossil nitrogen and manure recycling, there wasinsufficient reactive nitrogen to feed the growing human population. With the invention of theHaber–Bosch process, humans found a way to make cheap reactive nitrogen from the almostinexhaustable supply of atmospheric di-nitrogen. What humans did not anticipate was that themassive increase in reactive nitrogen supply, exacerbated by fossil fuel burning, would lead toa web of new environmental problems cutting across all global-change challenges.The European Nitrogen Assessment presents the first full, continental-scale assessmentof reactive nitrogen in the environment and sets the problem in context by providing amultidisciplinary introduction to the key processes in the nitrogen cycle. Issues of up-scalingfrom field, farm and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail withemphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. A comprehensiveseries of maps showing nitrogen pools and fluxes across Europe also highlight the locationof the major threats and allow a comparison of national budgets for the first time. Five keysocietal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for a set ofpolicies that can be used for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe. Thisincludes the first cost–benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and considerationof future scenarios.Incorporating a handy technical synopsis and summary for policy makers, this land-markvolume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines,as well as for stakeholders and policy makers in Europe and beyond. It is also a valuable tool inhelping communicate the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.Mark Sutton is an environmental physicist investigating human alteration of the nitrogen cycle, withspecific attention to ammonia. He is coordinator of the major integrated project ‘NitroEurope’, a 5-yeareffort, bringing together 64 research institutes to ask how nitrogen is affecting the European greenhousegas balance. Dr Sutton is vice-chair of the ‘Nitrogen in Europe’ (NinE) programme of the EuropeanScience Foundation, the Director of the European Centre of the International Nitrogen Initiative(INI) and co-chair of the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen of the UN-ECE Convention on Long-rangeTransboundary Air Pollution.Clare Howard is currently engaged in a postdoctoral fellowship in knowledge transfer, with an emphasison research networks which focus on nitrogen. Dr Howard is project coordinator for the EuropeanNitrogen Assessment and for the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen, which sits beneath the WorkingGroup on Strategies and Review of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Herresearch interests involve the modelling of biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon and assessinguncertainty in model systems.Jan Willem Erisman heads the Biomass, Coal and Environmental Research Unit of the EnergyResearch Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) and is a professor in Integrated Nitrogen studies at VrijeUniversiteit, Amsterdam. His research focuses on atmosphere–biosphere exchange of gases and aerosolsrelated to acidification and eutrophication and climate change. He was instrumental in establishingthe International Nitrogen Initiative, the Nanjing Declaration on Nitrogen Management, the EU 6thFramework research program NitroEurope and for chairing the European Science Foundation projectNinE and the EU COST Action 729. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationGilles Billen is research director of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) at theUniversity Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris) where his research covers many aspects of biogeochemistry,with an emphasis on the nitrogen, phosphorus and silica cycles. His main expertise is on the assessmentand modelling of the ecological functioning of hydrosystems, including marine, estuarine and freshwaterenvironments. From 1997 to 2007, he was the Director of the PIREN-Seine programme, a largeinterdisciplinary research programme on the Seine river watershed.Albert Bleeker works as a senior scientist at the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, in thedepartment of Air Quality and Climate Change. He has almost 20 years of experience in the field ofnitrogen, where his main expertise is on the atmospheric emission, transport and deposition of nitrogenat various spatial scales, as well as studies on the effect of nitrogen in the natural environment. Currently,he is the Nitrogen in Europe (NinE) Programme Co-ordinator and a member of the COST 729Management Committee.Peringe Grennfelt has a background in atmospheric chemistry. His research includes regional airpollution problems in Europe, in particular acidification, nitrogen deposition and tropospheric ozone.He has coordinated several national and international research programmes including the EU projectNetwork for the support of European Policies on Air Pollution (NEPAP). He is presently leading theMistra Climate Policy Research Programme (Clipore) and the Swedish Clean Air Research Programme(SCARP).Hans van Grinsven works at the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency where he conductsresearch and coordinates projects related to agriculture and environment, focusing on nitrogen andphosphorus, and sustainable food production. Dr van Grinsven was responsible for evaluations ofnational implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive and was also closely involved in the evaluations ofthe implementation of the EU Water framework Directive and EU NEC directive.Bruna Grizzetti is a researcher in the field of large scale modelling of nutrient and water transfer. Sheworks on modelling nutrient pressures on water at European scale in support to the implementation ofenvironmental European policies, such as the Water Framework Directive, Nitrates Directive and theMarine Strategy. Since 2007, Dr Grizzetti has been a member of the Coordination Team of the EuropeanNitrogen Assessment process, supported through the European Science Foundation. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationTFRNThe European Nitrogen Assessment has been prepared through coordinated action led by the Nitrogen in Europe(NinE) Research Networking Programme of the European Science Foundation, the NitroEurope Integrated Projectsupported by European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme and the COST Action 729. The Assessment is a contribution to the work of the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN), led by the UK and the Netherlands, in support ofthe long-term goals of the UN-ECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). In parallel,the Assessment represents a European contribution to the work of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI), a jointproject of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the Scientific Committee on Problems ofthe Environment (SCOPE), providing evidence to underpin many United Nations and other multi-lateral agreements.The actual assessment work has been carried out by 200 experts from 21 countries and 89 organizations which kindlyprovided support for this work.The ENA has been conducted as a scientifically independent process. The views and conclusions expressed arethose of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect policies of the contributing organizations. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationAcknowledgementsThe European Nitrogen Assessment was prepared by thelist of contributors given on page ix, with the support ofthe NinE Programme of the European Science Foundation,the NitroEurope IP (funded by the European Commission6th Framework Programme), the COST Action 729, the TaskForce on Reactive Nitrogen and the International NitrogenInitiative. The editors gratefully acknowledge the wider support which the assessment received, in the form of all thoseattending and hosting the ENA workshops, internal and in this web service Cambridge University Pressexternal reviewers of chapters and summaries. We particularly thank Agnieszka Eljasz of CEH, Susan Francis andLaura Clark of Cambridge University Press, Ellen Degottv.W.Rekowski and Paola Campus of the European ScienceFoundation, Peter Coleman of Defra, Anastasios Kentarchosof the European Commission, Matti Johannsson and TeaAulavuo of the Secretariat to the UN-ECE Convention onLong-range Transboundary Air Pollution for their supportthrough this process.www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationThe European NitrogenAssessmentSources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited byMark A. SuttonNERC Centre for Ecology and HydrologyClare M. HowardNERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology and University of EdinburghJan Willem ErismanEnergy Research Centre of the NetherlandsGilles BillenCNRS and University of Paris VIAlbert BleekerEnergy Research Centre of the NetherlandsPeringe GrennfeltSwedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)Hans van GrinsvenPBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyBruna GrizzettiEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationC A M B R I D G E U N I V E R SI T Y P R E S SCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico CityCambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UKPublished in the United States of Americaby Cambridge University Press, New Yorkwww.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107006126 Cambridge University Press 2011 Editorial contributions by Bruna Grizzetti, European Union 2011 Chapter 17, European Union 2011This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.First published 2011Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, CambridgeA catalogue record for this publication is available from theBritish LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataThe European nitrogen assessment : sources, effects, and policyperspectives / [edited by] Mark A. Sutton . [et al.].p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-107-00612-6 (hardback)1. Nitrogen compounds–Environmental aspects–Europe.2. Nitrogen cycle–Europe. 3. Nitrogen fertilizers–Governmentpolicy–Europe. I. Sutton, Mark A.TD196.N55E96 2011363.738–dc222010051120ISBN 978-1-107-00612-6 HardbackAdditional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/enaCambridge University Press has no responsibility for thepersistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-partyinternet websites referred to in this publication, and doesnot guarantee that any content on such websites is, or willremain, accurate or appropriate. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationContentsList of contributors page xiForeword xxiiiSummary for policy makers xxivTechnical summary xxxv1Assessing our nitrogen inheritance 1Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman,Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans vanGrinsven and Bruna GrizzettiPart I Nitrogen in Europe: the present position2The European nitrogen problem in a globalperspective 9Jan Willem Erisman, Hans van Grinsven, Bruna Grizzetti,Fayçal Bouraoui, David Powlson, Mark A. Sutton, AlbertBleeker and Stefan Reis3Benefits of nitrogen for food, fibre and industrialproduction 32Lars Stoumann Jensen, Jan K. Schjoerring, Klaas W. vander Hoek, Hanne Damgaard Poulsen, John F. Zevenbergen,Christian Pallière, Joachim Lammel, Frank Brentrup, AgeW. Jongbloed, Jaap Willems and Hans van Grinsven4Nitrogen in current European policies 62Oene Oenema, Albert Bleeker, Nils Axel Braathen,Michaela Budňáková, Keith Bull, Pavel Čermák, MarkusGeupel, Kevin Hicks, Robert Hoft, Natalia Kozlova,Adrian Leip, Till Spranger, Laura Valli, Gerard Velthofand Wilfried Winiwarter56The challenge to integrate nitrogen science andpolicies: the European Nitrogen Assessmentapproach 82Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman,William J. Bealey, Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, AlexanderF. Bouwman, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans van Grinsven andBruna GrizzettiDannenmann, Benjamin Sanchez Gimeno, Ralf Kiese,Barbara Kitzler, Andreas Ibrom, Robert M. Rees, KeithA. Smith, Carly Stevens, Timo Vesala and SophieZechmeister-Boltenstern7 Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems 126Patrick Durand, Lutz Breuer, Penny J. Johnes, GillesBillen, Andrea Butturini, Gilles Pinay, Hans van Grinsven,Josette Garnier, Michael Rivett, David S. Reay, ChrisCurtis, Jan Siemens, Stephen Maberly, Øyvind Kaste,Christoph Humborg, Roos Loeb, Jeroen de Klein, JosefHejzlar, Nikos Skoulikidis, Pirkko Kortelainen, AhtiLepistö and Richard Wright8 Nitrogen processes in coastal and marineecosystems 147Maren Voss, Alex Baker, Hermann W. Bange, DanielConley, Sarah Cornell, Barbara Deutsch, Anja Engel, RajaGaneshram, Josette Garnier, Ana-Stiina Heiskanen, TimJickells, Christiane Lancelot, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop,Jack Middelburg, Doris Schiedek, Caroline P. Slomp andDaniel P. Conley9 Nitrogen processes in the atmosphere 177Ole Hertel, Stefan Reis, Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, AlbertBleeker, Roy Harrison, John Neil Cape, David Fowler, UteSkiba, David Simpson, Tim Jickells, Alex Baker, MarkkuKulmala, Steen Gyldenkærne, Lise Lotte Sørensen and JanWillem ErismanPart III Nitrogen flows and fate at multiplespatial scalesPart II Nitrogen processing in the biosphere10 Nitrogen flows in farming systems acrossEurope 211Steve Jarvis, Nick Hutchings, Frank Brentrup, JørgenEivind Olesen and Klaas W. van der HoekNitrogen processes in terrestrial ecosystems 99Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Per Gundersen, Per Ambus,Jürgen Augustin, Claus Beier, Pascal Boeckx, Michael11 Nitrogen flows and fate in rural landscapes 229Pierre Cellier, Patrick Durand, Nick Hutchings,Ulli Dragosits, Mark Theobald, Jean-Louis Drouet,vii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationContentsOene Oenema, Albert Bleeker, Lutz Breuer, TommyDalgaard, Sylvia Duretz, Johannes Kros, BenjaminLoubet, Joergen Eivind Olesen, Philippe Mérot, ValérieViaud, Wim de Vries and Mark A. Sutton18 Nitrogen as a threat to European air quality 405Jana Moldanová, Peringe Grennfelt, Åsa Jonsson, DavidSimpson, Till Spranger, Wenche Aas, John Munthe andAri Rabl12 Nitrogen flows and fate in urban landscapes 249Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins, Stefan Reis, Jakob Magid,Gabriela B. Nardoto, Sabine Barles, Alexander F.Bouwman, Ipek Erzi, Marina Kousoulidou, Clare M.Howard and Mark A. Sutton19 Nitrogen as a threat to the European greenhousebalance 434Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Eiko Nemitz, Sönke Zaehle,Gilles Billen, Pascal Boeckx, Jan Willem Erisman,Josette Garnier, Rob Upstill-Goddard, Michael Kreuzer,Oene Oenema, Stefan Reis, Martijn Schaap, DavidSimpson, Wim de Vries, Wilfried Winiwarter and MarkA. Sutton13 Nitrogen flows from European regional watershedsto coastal marine waters 271Gilles Billen, Marie Silvestre, Bruna Grizzetti, AdrianLeip, Josette Garnier, Maren Voss, Robert Howarth,Fayçal Bouraoui, Ahti Lepistö, Pirkko Kortelainen,Penny Johnes, Chris Curtis, Christoph Humborg, ErikSmedberg, Øyvind Kaste, Raja Ganeshram, ArthurBeusen and Christiane Lancelot14 Atmospheric transport and deposition of reactivenitrogen in Europe 298David Simpson, Wenche Aas, Jerzy Bartnicki, HaldisBerge, Albert Bleeker, Kees Cuvelier, Frank Dentener,Tony Dore, Jan Willem Erisman, Hilde Fagerli, ChrisFlechard, Ole Hertel, Hans van Jaarsveld, Mike Jenkin,Martijn Schaap, Valiyaveetil Shamsudheen Semeena,Philippe Thunis, Robert Vautard and Massimo Vieno15 Geographical variation in terrestrial nitrogenbudgets across Europe 317Wim de Vries, Adrian Leip, Gert Jan Reinds, JohannesKros, Jan Peter Lesschen, Alexander F. Bouwman, BrunaGrizzetti, Fayçal Bouraoui, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, PeterBergamaschi and Wilfried Winiwarter16 Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the Europeanscale 345Adrian Leip, Beat Achermann, Gilles Billen, AlbertBleeker, Alexander F. Bouwman, Wim de Vries, UlliDragosits, Ulrike Döring, Dave Fernall, Markus Geupel,Jürg Herolstab, Penny Johnes, Anne-Christine Le Gall,Suvi Monni, Rostislav Nevečeřal, Lorenzo Orlandini,Michel Prud’homme, Hannes I. Reuter, David Simpson,Günther Seufert, Till Spranger, Mark A. Sutton, John vanAardenne, Maren Voß and Wilfried WiniwarterPart IV Managing nitrogen in relation to keysocietal threats17 Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality 379Bruna Grizzetti, Fayçal Bouraoui, Gilles Billen, Hans vanGrinsven, Ana Cristina Cardoso, Vincent Thieu, JosetteGarnier, Chris Curtis, Robert Howarth and Penny Johnes20 Nitrogen as a threat to European terrestrialbiodiversity 463Nancy B. Dise, Michael Ashmore, Salim Belyazid,Albert Bleeker, Roland Bobbink, Wim de Vries,Jan Willem Erisman, Till Spranger, Carly J. Stevens andLeon van den Berg21 Nitrogen as a threat to European soilquality 495Gerard Velthof, Sébastien Barot, Jaap Bloem, KlausButterbach-Bahl, Wim de Vries, Johannes Kros, PatrickLavelle, Jørgen Eivind Olesen and Oene OenemaPart V European nitrogen policies andfuture challenges22 Costs and benefits of nitrogen in theenvironment 513Corjan Brink, Hans van Grinsven, Brian H. Jacobsen, AriRabl, Ing-Marie Gren, Mike Holland, Zbigniew Klimont,Kevin Hicks, Roy Brouwer, Roald Dickens, Jaap Willems,Mette Termansen, Gerard Velthof, Rob Alkemade, Markvan Oorschot and Jim Webb23 Developing integrated approaches to nitrogenmanagement 541Oene Oenema, Joost Salomez, Christina Branquinho,Michaela Budňáková, Pavel Čermák, Markus Geupel,Penny Johnes, Chris Tompkins, Till Spranger, Jan WillemErisman, Christian Pallière, Luc Maene, Rocio Alonso,Rob Maas, Jacob Magid, Mark A. Sutton and Hans vanGrinsven24 Future scenarios of nitrogen in Europe 551Wilfried Winiwarter, Jean-Paul Hettelingh, Alex F.Bouwman, Wim de Vries, Jan Willem Erisman, JamesGalloway, Zbigniew Klimont, Allison Leach, Adrian Leip,Christian Pallière, Uwe A. Schneider, Till Spranger, Mark A.Sutton, Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins, Klaas W. van der Hoekand Peter Witzkeviii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationContents25 Coordinating European nitrogen policies betweeninternational conventions and intergovernmentalorganizations 570Keith Bull, Robert Hoft and Mark A. Sutton26 Societal choice and communicating the Europeannitrogen challenge 585David S. Reay, Clare M. Howard, Albert Bleeker,Pete Higgins, Keith Smith, Henk Westhoek, Trudy Rood,Mark R. Theobald, Alberto Sanz-Cobeña, Robert M. Rees,Dominic Moran, Kate Ravilious and Stefan ReisGlossary 602Index 607ix in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationContributorsJohn van AardenneEuropean Commission Joint Research CenterInstitute for Environment and Sustainabilityvia Enrico Fermi 274921027 Ispra (VA)ItalyWenche AasNILU, Norwegian Institute for Air ResearchPB 1002027 KjellerNorwayBeat AchermannFederal Office for the EnvironmentAir Pollution Control and NIR DivisionAir Quality Management SectionCH-3003 BernSwitzerlandRob AlkemadeNetherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyP.O. Box 3033720 AHThe NetherlandsPer AmbusRisø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy,Technical University of DenmarkBiosystems DivisionFrederiksborgvej 3994000 RoskildeDenmarkMichael AshmoreUniversity of YorkEnvironment DepartmentHeslingonYO10 5DDUnited KingdomJuergen AugustinLeibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)Eberswalder Strasse 84MuenchebergD-15374GermanyAlex BakerSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNR4 7TJUnited KingdomHermann W. BangeIFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-Institut für MeereswissenschaftenDüsternbrooker Weg 20KielD-24226GermanySabine BarlesUniversité Paris Est – LATTS,Institut Français d’Urbanisme4 rue Alfred Nobel – Cité DescartesChamps-sur-Marne77420FranceSébastien BarotIRD-Bioemco,Bioemco ENS46 rue d’Ulm75230 Paris Cedex 05FranceJerzy BartnickiNorwegian Meteorological InstituteP.O. Box 43OsloNO-0313NorwayClaus BeierRisØ DTU, National Laboratory for SustainableEnergyEcosystems Research ProgrammeP.O. Box 3584000 RoskildeDenmarkxi in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationList of ContributorsSalim BelyazidBelyazid Consulting and Communication AB,Österportsgatan 5a21128 MalmöSwedenLeon J. L. van den BergRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe NetherlandsPeter BergamaschiEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreInstitute for Environment via Enrico Fermi 2749 andSustainability21027 290 Ispra (VA)ItalyHaldis BergeNorwegian Meteorological InstitutePO 43 Blindern0313 OsloNorwayArthur BeusenNetherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyP.O. Box 3033720 AH BilthovenThe NetherlandsGilles BillenUniversity Pierre & Marie Curie4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFranceAlbert BleekerEnergy Research Centre of the NetherlandsP.O. Box 11755 ZG PettenThe NetherlandsJaap BloemAlterra Wageningen University and Research CentreSoil Science CentreP.O. Box 476700 WageningenThe NetherlandsRoland BobbinkB-Ware Research CentreRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 90109500 GL NijmegenThe NetherlandsPascal BoeckxGhent UniversityFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringCoupure 6539000 GentBelgiumFayçal BouraouiEuropean Commission Joint Research Centrevia Enrico Fermi 274921027 Ispra (VA)ItalyLex BouwmanNetherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyP.O. Box 3033720 AH BilthovenThe NetherlandsNils-Axel BraathenOECD2 rue André-PascalF-75775 Paris Cedex 16FranceCristina BranquinhoUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiênciasCentro de Biologia Ambiental,Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5º Piso, sala 371749–016 LisboaPortugalFrank BrentrupYara International,Centre for Plant Nutrition and Environmental ResearchHanninghof 3548249 DuelmenGermanyLutz BreuerInstitute for Landscape Ecology and Resources ManagementResearch Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionHeinrich-Buff-Ring 2635392 GiessenGermanyCorjan BrinkNetherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyP.O. Box 3033720 AH BilthovenThe NetherlandsRoy BrouwerVU University AmsterdamInstitute for Environmental StudiesDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamNetherlandsMichaela BudňákováMinistry of Agriculture of the Czech RepublicTěšnov 17117 05 Praha 1Czech Republicxii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationList of ContributorsKeith R. BullCentre for Ecology and HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLibrary AvenueLancasterLA1 4APUnited KingdomKlaus Butterbach-BahlKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute for Meterology and Climate ResearchAtmospheric Environmental ResearchKreuzeckbahnstrasse 1982467 Garmisch-PartenkirchenGermanyAndrea ButturiniUniversity of BarcelonaDepartment of EcologyFaculty of Biologyavd. Diagonal 6458028 BarcelonaSpainJohn Neil CapeCentre for Ecology and HydrologyBush EstatePenicuikEH26 0QBUnited KingdomAna C. CardosoEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreInstitute for Environment and Sustainabilityvia Enrico Fermi 274921027 Ispra (VA)ItalyPierre CellierINRA,UMR EGC78850 Thiverval-GrignonFrancePavel ČermákCentral Institute for Supervising and Testing in AgricultureHroznová Street 2656 06 BrnoCzech RepublicDaniel J. ConleyLund UniversityDepartment of Earth and Ecosystem SciencesSölvegatan 12223 62 LundSwedenSarah E. CornellUniversity of BristolQUEST, School of Earth SciencesQueens RoadBristolBS8 1RJUnited KingdomChris J. CurtisUniversity College LondonEnvironmental Change Research CentreGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUnited KingdomCornelis CuvelierEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreP.O. Box 41021020 Ispra (VA)ItalyTommy DalgaardAarhus UniversityDepartment of Agroecology and EnvironmentP.O. Box 508830 TjeleDenmarkMichael DannenmannUniversity of FreiburgInstitute of Forest Botany and Tree PhysiologyGeorges Köhler Allee 53/5479110 FreiburgGermanyFrank DentenerEuropean Commission Joint Research Centrevia Enrico Fermi 274921027 Ispra (VA)ItalyBarbara DeutschStockholm UniversityDepartment of Applied Environmental ScienceSvanthe Arrheniusväg 811418 StockholmSwedenRoald DickensDepartment for the Environment Food and Rural Affairs17 Smith SquareLondonSW1P 3JRUnited KingdomNancy B. DiseManchester Metropolitan UniversityDepartment of Environmental and Geographical SciencesJohn Dalton East Building, Chester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUnited Kingdomxiii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationList of ContributorsUlrike M. DoeringEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreInstitute for Environment and SustainabilityP.O. Box 29021020 Ispra (Va)ItalyAnthony DoreCentre for Ecology and HydrologyBush EstatePenicuikEH26 9HFUnited KingdomUlrike DragositsCentre for Ecology and HydrologyBush EstatePenicuikEH26 0QBUnited KingdomJean-Louis DrouetINRAUMR INRA/AgroParisTech Environment andArable Crops78850 Thiverval-GrignonFrancePatrick DurandINRAUMR 1069 SAS35000 RennesFranceSylvia DuretzINRAUMR EGC78850 Thiverval-GrignonFranceAnja EngelAlfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine ResearchAm Handelshafen 1227515 BremerhavenGermanyJan Willem ErismanEnergy Research Centre of the NetherlandsP.O. Box 11755 ZG Pettenthe NetherlandsIpek ErziTUBITAK Marmara Research CentreEnvironment InstituteP.O. Box 2141470 Gebze KocaeliTurkeyHilde FagerliNorwegian Meteorological InstituteP.O. Box 430313 BlindernNorwayDavid FernallDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsKingspool, Peasholme GreenYorkYO1 2PXUnited KingdomChris R. FlechardSoils, Agro-hydro systems and Spatialization65 rue de St-Brieuc35042 RennesFranceDavid FowlerCentre for Ecology and HydrologyBush EstatePenicuikEH26 0QBUnited KingdomJames GallowayUniversity of VirginiaP.O. Box 400772CharlottesvilleVA 22901United States of AmericaRaja S. GaneshramUniversity of EdinburghSchool of GeoSciencesGrant InstituteWest Mains RoadEdinburghEH16 5NWUnited KingdomJosette GarnierUMR Sisyphe UPMC & CNRS, ,4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFranceMarkus GeupelFederal Environment Agency, GermanyWörlitzer Platz 16844 DessauGermanyIng-Marie GrenSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Economics750 07 UppsalaSwedenxiv in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-00612-6 - The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy PerspectivesEdited by Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen and Albert BleekerFrontmatterMore informationList of ContributorsPeringe GrennfeltIVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute LtdAschebergsgatan 44P.O. Box 5302400 14 GothenburgSwedenJean-Paul HettelinghNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCoordination Centre for EffectsP.O. Box 13720 BA BilthovenThe NetherlandsHans van GrinsvenNetherlands Environmental Assessmen
Nitrogen Assessment and for the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen, which sits beneath the Working Group on Strategies and Review of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Her research interests involve the modelling of biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon and assessing uncertainty in model systems.
