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Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationFrancophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880–1995This new edition of Patrick Manning’s established text includes two new chaptersthat discuss developments in the region since 1985, emphasising the democratisation movements of the 1980s and 1990s, the Francophone movement, and thecrises in Rwanda and Burundi. Focusing on the French-speaking countries inwest and central Africa, the book brings out the way in which the precolonialAfrican heritage shaped new societies, in interaction with French and Belgiancolonial rules, and with global economic and cultural forces. Three eras ofchange are described: the transition to colonial rule from 1880 to 1940, thetransition to independent states from 1940 to 1985, and the reconfiguration ofpost-colonial society after 1985. It presents a strong line of interpretation andclear summaries, as well as considerable detail. The first edition of this book hasbeen widely used in courses in African studies and African history. is professor of History and African-American Studies atNortheastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. He is the author of Slavery,Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640–1960 (1982) and Slaveryand African Life (1990), and the editor of Slave Trades 1500–1800: Globalizationof Forced Labour (1996). Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationFrancophoneSub-Saharan Africa1880–1995PATRICK MANNING Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore information The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, United Kingdom40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Cambridge University Press 1988 P. Manning 1998First edition first published 1988 as Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880–1985Reprinted 1989, 1994Second edition 1998This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception andto the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University PressFirst published 1998Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, CambridgeTypeset in Times 9.5/11.5pt [ ]A catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication dataManning, Patrick, 1941–Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880–1985 / Patrick Manning.p. cmBibliography.Includes index.ISBN 0 521 64255 8. ISBN 0 521 64519 0 (pbk.)1. Africa, French-speaking Equatorial – History – 1884–1960.2. Africa, French-speaking Equatorial – History – 1960–3. Africa, French-speaking West – History – 1884–19604. Africa, French-speaking West – History – 1960– I. TitleDT532.5.M36 1988966 .0097541 – dc19 87-26550ISBN 0 521 64255 8 hardbackISBN 0 521 64519 0 paperback Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationTo Pamela and Gina Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationContentsList of illustrationsAcknowledgmentsNote on the second edition1 Prologuepage ixxixi1The African landscapeThe ancestry of francophone AfricaContending visions of African destinyA century of change4812172 Economy and society, 1880–194024The heritage of slaveryTechnology and ecologyTransformations in town and countryEthnicity and classCommerceGovernment and the economyCapitalism262934414351543 Government and politics, 1880–194057Concepts of colonizationImperial diplomacy and conquestThe dawn of colonial administrationThe fate of African politiesAdministrative consolidationDemocracy: the rise of a political classThe zenith of colonial ruleAbsolutism59626771737882844 Culture and religion, 1880–1940Francophone cultureThe debate on African cultureMissionariesNew religious institutionsEducationBeliefsArt and literature in the colonial situation Cambridge University Press868790939598100103www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationviiiContentsThe new African culture1085 Economy and society, 1940–1985110Rural lifeTown and industrial lifeThe international economyPublic finance and public enterpriseSocial and ethnic conflictsChanges in the land1121161201231271306 Government and politics, 1940–1985World warThe postwar political orderPolitical independenceConflict in the CongoDomestic politicsInternational politicsNationhood and democracy7 Culture and religion, 1940–1985The problem of African identityEducationReligionPopular cultureLiterary and scholarly endeavorFrancophone African 788 Democracy and dependence, 1985–1995180Economic stagnation, social transformationThe francophone movementThe national conferencesDisillusionment and disasterCosmopolitan cultureBeyond impunity1831861902012052099 EpilogueThe francophone African landscapeConflicting visions of African destinyBibliographical essayIndex Cambridge University Press211214221229236www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationIllustrationsFigures1234Exports, 1890–1940 (1914 French francs)Tax revenue, 1890–1940 (1914 French francs)Exports, 1940–1985 (1970 CFA francs)Tax revenue, 1940–1985 (1970 CFA francs)page 4952121124Maps12345678910111213Francophone sub-Saharan Africa in 1995Official languages in Africa, 1995Africa in 1880Francophone sub-Saharan Africa in 1900Francophone sub-Saharan Africa in 1940Rail and river transport in colonial francophone Africa, 1950Concessions in Central Africa, c. 1905Dakar, 1940Coastal Togo and Dahomey, 1940Abidjan, 1980Rwanda and BurundiSouthern Cameroon, 1980Kinshasa and Brazzaville, 1995 Cambridge University Presspage xii261819324674106118130177217www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore informationAcknowledgmentsElizabeth Wetton suggested that a book such as this would be of interest, andthen guided it expertly to completion. The Northeastern University Instructional Development Fund provided support for travel, research, and duplication of a draft for use in class. I am grateful to students at NortheasternUniversity for comments on the initial draft of the book, and particularly toGina Baskerville, Danielle Delince, Janine Alpizar, Sasha Fiato, JoycelynChristopher, Marit Ratner, and Maureen Grady. Several colleagues gave mevaluable suggestions for improvement of a more advanced version: BogumilJewsiewicki, Jan Vansina, Richard Roberts, Tom Reefe, Myron Echenberg,Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch, and an anonymous reader for CambridgeUniversity Press. Ballard Campbell urged me on in a spirit of friendly competition. Marjorie Murphy provided inspiration through her example, numberlesspractical suggestions, and comfort at all times. Jean Suret-Canale providedvaluable information through his writings, an example of remarkable personalresilience, and some delightful African stories.To all of these I am grateful. With such support from others, I am happy toassume responsibility for the inaccuracies and ambiguities that remain.Patrick ManningMarch 1988 This volume extends the first edition by ten years. A new chapter 8 emphasisesthe democratization movements of the 1980s and 1990s, the Francophonemovement, and the crises in Rwanda and Burundi. A new epilogue, chapter 9,addresses urban issues of the 1990s and prospects for the future. I am gratefulto Jean-Marie Makang for guidance on these chapters.In May of 1997 forces loyal to Laurent Kabila drove Mobutu Sese Sekofrom Zaire and occupied Kinshasa. Kabila declared himself president andannounced that the country would again be known as the Democratic Republic of Congo. In this text, meanwhile, I retain the term ‘‘Zaire’’ for the periodfrom 1971 to 1997.Patrick ManningAugust 1998 Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521642558 - Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880-1995Patrick ManningFrontmatterMore information0TunisiaMorocco01000 km500 HADBENINBUALEGGUINEAINARKFASONIGERCENTRALAFRICAN REP.MSE RepublicMALITunisiaLimits of francophonesub-Saharan AfricaFrancophone sub-SaharanAfrican nationsOther nations in whichFrench is spokenMap 1 Francophone sub-Saharan Africa in 1995 Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Illustrations Figures 1 Exports, 1890-1940 (1914 French francs) page49 2 Tax revenue, 1890-1940 (1914 French francs) 52 3 Exports, 1940-1985 (1970 CFA francs) 121