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April 11th, 2008Keynote SpeakersDr. John Stockwell, Chancellor of the University of South Carolina Upstate. Dr.Stockwell has served as Chancellor of the University of South Carolina Upstate since1994, leading the University toward its vision as one of the leading metropolitanuniversities in the Southeast. Chancellor Stockwell is leading the University towardcompletion of a 10-year master plan, approved by the USC Board of Trustees in1997, including multi-million dollar capital developments in classroom space,academic support facilities, housing, and athletics facilities. In addition, a number ofcampus beautification initiatives are underway, as is a 60 million highwayinfrastructure project surrounding and intersecting the campus.Mr. Ingo Angermeier, President and CEO of the Spartanburg RegionalHealthcare System. Mr. Angermeier has more than 25 years of experience in healthcare and is a master's prepared Fellow of the American College of HealthcareExecutives. He has had experience in both general and teaching hospitals and multispecialty group practices both in urban and rural settings. From 1995 to March2001, he worked as CEO at Louisiana State University Medical Center. He was alsoan assistant dean and professor there. Prior to this, he was system executive vicepresident and chief administrative officer at Saint Francis Hospital in Tulsa,Oklahoma; executive vice president of St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center inTopeka, Kansas; associate administrator/chief operating officer of Salina RegionalMedical Center in Salina, Kansas; and senior vice president/chief operating officerof Creighton-St. Joseph Hospital in Omaha, Nebraska.Dr. Michael Dorcas, Associate Professor of Biology at Davidson College. Dr.Dorcas was awarded the 2004 Environmental Educator of the Year in NorthCarolina by the North Carolina Wildlife Federation. Dr. Dorcas' research programfocuses on the physiology, ecology, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles.During the last ten years, he has collaboratively secured substantial federal grantmoney to fund his research projects. His research program is interdisciplinary innature and relies heavily on collaboration with students. Dr. Dorcas has publishedseveral book chapters and over 60 articles on the biology of amphibians and reptiles,the most recent of which include students as coauthors. His recent books include, AGuide to the Snakes of North Carolina, Davidson College, and Snakes of theSoutheast, University of Georgia Press.Dr. Rosemarie Booze, Associate Vice President for Research at the University ofSouth Carolina. Dr. Booze also holds the Bicentennial Chair of BehavioralNeuroscience in the department of psychology. Her research focuses on how thecentral nervous system adapts to injury and disease, delving into topics that includehow stimulants affect the developing male and female brain, how the HIV virus andcocaine interact in the brain, the neurological basis of ADHD and the long-termconsequences and mechanisms of early brain injury.S pon sor s: S taubli, S par ta n burgRegiona l, S odexh o, USCUpsta tePage 5

Fourth Annual USC Upstate Research SymposiumThe Fourth Annual USC Upstate Research SymposiumSYMPOSIUM SCHEDULECLC Ballroom, USC :00pm8:00am-8:30am8:30am-8:40amRegistration / Sign InPoster SetupOpening Remarks, Dr. Sebastian van Delden, Symposium Chair8:40am-9:00amWelcome AddressDr. John Stockwell, Chancellor USC Upstate9:00am-10:00amSession I: Politics and GovernmentSession Chair: Dr. Timothy Dale, Assistant Professor of Political ScienceFacebook.com and MySpace.com: Critical Issues in Invasion ofPrivacy LawsDr. Chioma Ugochukwu, Assistant Professor of Journalism, USC UpstateCultivating Citizens through Community Outreach: Engendering CivicAwareness in a University Youth ProgramKerrie-Ann Wilkins, Psychology Major, USC UpstateBlack Panther Political PostersJames Risher, Graphics Design Major, USC UpstateExecutive Outcomes in Sierra Leone and BeyondKatherine King, Government Major, Wofford College10:00am-11:00amSession II: PostersSize-Frequency Distribution of Molluscs from a Pliocene Fauna,Florence, South CarolinaKatie Pruiksma, Biology Major, USC UpstateUSC Upstate Visual Resource Collection DevelopmentDr. Rachel Snow, Assistant Professor of Art HistorySynthesis and Photochemical Reactivity of cis-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyneRyon Hamilton, Chemistry Major, Wofford CollegeA Numerical Study on Eigenvibrations In Two-Material StructuresJeremy Brown, Mathematics Major, USC UpstateRobot-Camera Orientation Recovery from the Optical Flow of HighInterest Points in an Unknown SceneFrank Hardy, Computer Science Major, USC UpstateS pon sor s: S taubli, S par ta n burgRegiona l, S odexh o, USCUpsta tePage 6

April 11th, 2008Lucid EchoesDaniel Fowler, IDS Major, USC UpstateDiscriminating to Sell: Discrimination in Jewelry StoresJennifer Rayner, Psychology Major, USC UpstateEffects of High vs Low Dose Caffeine on Temporal PerceptionDalene Prouty, Biology/Psychology Major, Converse College2008 Senior Exhibition Catalog Design and ProductionStephanie Huskey, Gregory Bradham, Holly Coupe, Rachel Dickey, BrianHefner, Veronica Lewis, Brandon Pendred, and Derek Revan, Art StudioMajors, USC UpstateHierarchical Clustering Support Vector Machines for ClassifyingType-2 Diabetes PatientsDr. Wei Zhong, Assistant Professor of Computer Science, USC UpstateRelationship between the Leaf Age and Antioxidant Enzyme ActivityDr. Neval Ertürk, Assistant Professor of Biology, Converse College11:00am-11:20amKeynote Address - Mr. Ingo AngermeierPresident and CEO of Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System11:30am-12:30pmSession III: HealthcareSession Chair: Dr. Becky Carr, Assistant Professor of NursingEvolving SVM Based Feature Selection Systems for Large HealthcareDatabasesDr. Rick Chow, Associate Professor of Computer Science, USC UpstateInfluences of Leadership and Individual Differences on NursesResponse to Hospital’s Change to Magnet StatusDr. Steve Caldwell, Assistant Professor of Business, USC UpstateSemiparametric Additive Competing Risks ModelDr. Steve Hyun, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, USC UpstateCourageous Caring: A Transtheoretical Exploration of Caring Scienceand the work of Parker PalmerDr. Cindy Jennings, Associate Professor of Nursing, USC UpstateDr. Gayle Casterline, Associate Dean of Nursing, USC Upstate12:30pm-1:30pmLunchBest Student Paper/Poster Awards1:30pm-1:50pmKeynote Address - Dr. Rosemarie BoozeVice President of Research at USCS pon sor s: S taubli, S par ta n burgRegiona l, S odexh o, USCUpsta tePage 7

Fourth Annual USC Upstate Research Symposium2:00pm-3:00pmSession IV: Technology and Life SciencesSession Chair: Dr. Melissa Pilgrim, Assistant Professor of BiologyInitial Steps to Voice-Guided Robotic ManipulationBen Overcash, Computer Science Major, USC UpstatePrevalence of the Large Liver Fluke, Fascioloides magna, in theWhite-tailed Deer in South CarolinaDr. Edna Steele, Associate Professor of Biology, Converse CollegeInvestigation of the Genotoxicity of the Pesticide SevinKimberly Shorter, Biology/Chemistry Major, Converse CollegeAssessing the use of Artificial Structure in a Fragmented Landscape:Herpetofauna as a Case StudyJared Ballenger, Biology Major, USC Upstate3:10pm-3:30pmKeynote Address - Dr. Michael DorcasAssociate Professor of Biology, Davidson College3:40pm-4:40pmSession V: Discovery and Data AnalysisSession Chair: Dr. Mary Lou Hightower, Assistant Professor of Art EducationEnhancing Reading Comprehension and Literacy in First-YearCollege Students Through the Use of a Student-Led ConferenceAnthony DeClue, IDS Major, USC UpstateThe Magi’s Journey through Art: the Portrayal of the Magi in KitschArtElise Stuck, Studio Art / English Major, Converse CollegeTowards Generalization with Action Rules MiningDr. Angelina Tzacheva, Assistant Professor of Informatics, USC UpstateReactions to Disappointing Performance Outcomes in ManufacturerDistributor RelationshipsDr. Amy Cox, Professor of Business, Converse College4:40pm-5:00pmBest Student Presentation AwardClosing Remarks; Poster Break DownS pon sor s: S taubli, S par ta n burgRegiona l, S odexh o, USCUpsta tePage 8

April 11th, 2008Facebook.com and MySpace.com:Critical Issues in Invasion of Privacy LawsChioma UgochukwuDepartment of Language, Literature and CompositionUSC Upstate800 University Way, Spartanburg, SC 29303cugochukwu@uscupstate.eduKeywords — Invasion of Privacy, Social Networking, MedialawInvasion of privacy laws in the United States consist offour major torts including: intrusion, publication ofprivate facts, false light, and appropriation. Expertsagree that when dealing with invasion of privacy,particularly intrusion, the most important legal questionis whether a plaintiff enjoyed a “reasonable expectationof privacy.” In this paper, the author uses this importantprinciple to investigate privacy issues with regards tostudents’ use of two social networking sitesMySpace.com and Facebook.com.MySpace.com and Facebook.com are extremelypopular social networking sites among college and highschool students. The two sites boast large numbers ofdaily subscribers who are made up of individuals 13years and older. MySpace.com, for instance, is listed asthe sixth most visited website in the world and the thirdmost visited site in the United States (Alexa). The rivalwebsite, Facebook.com, is also among the most popularsites on the web. Forbes magazine’s list of the world’srichest people names 23 year-old Mark Zuckerberg, thecreator and CEO of Facebook.com, as the youngest selfmade billionaire in the world with his net worth of 1.5billion (Schwanhausser, 2008).While Zuckerberg’s Facebook users were initiallyrestricted to college students, today, the site is open toanyone who is at least 13 years old. Facebook’s internalreport shows that the site has over 64 million activeusers with 250,000 new registrations per day since2007. The report also suggests that Facebook is the sixthmost trafficked site in the U.S. and has the number onephoto sharing application on the web (Facebook.com).This makes it a very popular site for uploading pictures.The popularity of Facebook.com and MySpace.comhas generated concerns about the safety and privacy ofsubscribers, especially teen subscribers. Some featureson the websites including the now revamped Newsfeedand Mini-feed features on Facebook.com are seen bysome as capable of stripping subscribers of their privacyand promoting a “tabloid” culture. The Center forMissing and Exploited Children has reported more thanS pon sor s: S taubli, S par ta n burg2,600 incidents of adults using the Internet to enticechildren (CBSNews, 2006). As a result, parents and lawenforcement officials worry that sexual predators lurkon these networking sites and take advantage of thepersonally revealing pages created by teenagesubscribers. There are also reports of teenage girlswhose disappearance and/or deaths have been linked toolder men they met on social networking sites.A CBS news story, for instance, reported the deathof a 14-year-old New Jersey girl, Judy Cajuste, whoreportedly told her friends that she met a man in his 20sthrough MySpace.com. CBS also reported that a 15year-old girl who died in Northern California wasallegedly active on MySpace until the day shedisappeared (CBSNews, 2006).These kinds of reports were probably reasons whyattorney generals in eight states sent a letter toMySpace.com asking the company to provide data thatwould help these states monitor the activities ofregistered sex offenders on the site. The letter noted thatthe AGs were concerned that “sexual predators areusing MySpace to lure children into face-to-faceencounters and other dangerous activities” (McCarthy,2007). As a result, the attorneys wanted MySpace tofurnish them with information on the number ofregistered sex offenders found with accounts onMySpace.com; how the company is working to removethe sex offenders from the site; as well as howMySpace.com notifies members who may havecommunicated with sex offenders.MySpace employees initially refused to turn overthe information citing the terms of ElectronicCommunications Privacy Act of 1986, but eventuallyreached an agreement with the AGs to turn over therequested data (McCarthy). However, the issue of users’privacy on social networking websites continues to be asubject of interest among media law experts. Whenstudents post personally identifiable information online,are they legally entitled to privacy protections? Dostudents take a risk when they post compromisingpictures and information on social networking sites?Could these students potentially face consequencesincluding expulsion from school, loss of jobs,Regiona l, S odexh o, USCUpsta tePage 9

Fourth Annual USC Upstate Research Symposiumsuspension from varsity sports, expulsion fromfraternities or sororities because of the information onprofiles created from their personal computers?Using a variety of research methods, this authorexamines these privacy concerns. The methods includeinterviews with media law experts and schooladministrators, content analysis of specific pages onsocial networking sites, and focus group discussionswith high school and college students who have activesites on Facebook.com or MySpace.com. Some of thequestions explored in the study include: How invasive is the “newsfeed” and “mini-feed”service used on Facebook.com and have these feedsturned into the “tabloids of choice” for students? Do students recognize the kinds of information thatcould make them vulnerable to predators and identitythieves? Is it legal for college administrators to gain access topages created from students’ personal computers andpunish students for photographs and informationdeemed inappropriate? How do students react to these practices and do theyconsider such practices invasive? How do students who belong to fraternities andsororities react when information on their sites are usedby national organizations to punish individual chapters,and are these ways of gathering information permissibleunder the law? Is it legally permissible for potential employers to useinformation obtained from social networking sitesagainst students who apply for jobs and what arestudents’ attitudes toward this issue? Is it legally permissible for college administrators toexpel student athletes from varsity teams because ofinappropriate photographs such as those showing themholding alcohol on personal sites, and do studentsaccept such sanctions? Are there legal protections under the invasion ofprivacy tort for individuals whose photographs areposted by friends or acquaintances without theirpermission? What are the privacy concerns that are posed whensocial networking sites allow people to post commentson users’ walls without the users’ permission? What are managers of social networking sites doing toalleviate privacy concerns on their websites?invasion of privacy concerns as they relate to socialnetworking sites.REFERENCES[1] Bower, B. (2006). Growing up online. Science News,Vol. 169, No. 24. pp. 376-378.[2] Cashmore, P. (2006, September 8). Facebook gets egg onits face, changes News Feedfeature.RetrievedFebruary 7, 2008 from http://mashable.com/?p 958.[3] CBSNews. (2006, February 6). MySpace: Your shtml.[4] Mazzola, B. “Facebook 'news feed' upsets, angersstudents across country.” Retrieved November 27, .shtml.[5] McCarthy, C. MySpace to provide sex offender data tostate AGs. Retrieved December 5, 2007 enderdata-tostate-AGs/2100-1030 3-6185333.html.[6] State AGs to MySpace: Turn over sex offender 2100-1028 36183619.html?tag st.nl.[7] Pember, D. R. and Calvert, C. (2005). Mass Media Law.Boston: McGraw Hill.[8] Schwanhausser, M. (2008, March 6). Facebook'sZuckerberg is whiz kid of Forbes m/businessheadlines /ci 8472580.[9] Statistics. Facebook. Retrieved December 5, 2007 ic.[10] Traffic History graph for MySpace.com. com/data/details/traffic details/myspace.com.[11] Zuckerberg, M. (2006, September 8). An open letter fromMark Zuckerberg. Retrieved November 6, 2007 fromhttp://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post 2208562130.This paper is a work in progress, so the findings are yetto be determined. However, the author hopes to acquirea rich data that will shed more light on the question ofS pon sor s: S taubli, S par ta n burgRegiona l, S odexh o, USCUpsta tePage 10

April 11th, 2008Cultivating Citizens through Community Outreach: Engendering CivicAwareness in a University Youth ProgramKerrie-Ann Wilkins1, Jennifer Parker1, Timothy Dale21Department of Psychologyand 2Department of History, Political Science, Philosophy and American StudiesUSC Upstate800 University Way, Spartanburg, SC 29303{kgwilkins, jparker, tdale}@uscupstate.eduAbstract — A Youth Leadership Institute Project wasconducted at USC Upstate to promote essential skills deemednecessary for future civic engagement and political identity.The program and curriculum followed a framework thatsuggests that underlying civic skills are necessary to fostercivic engagement among youth. Building on this theory, thisstudy illustrates that civic engagement requires adevelopmental and educational process. Adolescence is aprimary time for identity exploration and formation, whichmakes this stage an optimal time to engender civic awareness.A diverse group of 49 youth ranging in age from 14 to 17participated. Results from the project demonstrate that whenevaluating the significance and success of youth civicengagement programs, an account must be made for both thedevelopmental and cognitive capacities developed within. Inpursuing projects such as ours on university cam

of Michigan, and Duke University (MBA), and a Certificate in Financial Planning from Western Carolina University. A native of Spartanburg, she worked in corporate and international banking in New York City with Chase, Dresdner, Fuji, and LPC/Reuters, and in Spartanburg with Wachovia. Her doctoral research area at