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Protection andSubstation ControlContentsPageLocal and Remote ControlIntroduction . 6/71SINAUT LSAOverview . 6/74SINAUT LSASubstation automationdistributed structure . 6/78SINAUT LSASubstation automationcentralized structure(Enhanced RTU) . 6/91SINAUT LSACompact remoteterminal units . 6/93SICAM Overview . 6/96SICAM RTU Remote terminalunits (RTUs) . 6/97SICAM SASSubstation automation . 6/108SICAM PCCSubstation automation . 6/118ContentsDevice dimensions . 6/125PageGeneral overview . 6/2Power QualityApplication hints . 6/4Introduction . 6/131Power System ProtectionMeasuring and recording . 6/132Introduction . 6/8Compensation systemsIntroduction . 6/146Relay selection guide . 6/22Passive compensationsystems . 6/147Relay portraits . 6/25Typical protection schemes . 6/42Active compensationsystems . 6/154Protection coordination . 6/626
Protection and Substation ControlGeneral OverviewGeneral overview123Three trends have emerged in the sphereof substation secondary equipment: intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), open communication and operation with a PC.Numerical relays and cumputerized substation control are now state-of-the-art.The multitude of conventional, individualdevices prevalent in the past as well ascomprehensive parallel wiring are beingreplaced by a small number of multifunctional devices with serial connections.System control centersIEC 60870-5-101SICAM WinCCSICAM g,ParameterizingAutomationWireRS485IEC 60 870-5-103 SIPROTEC-IEDs:– RelaysO.F.– Bay control units– Transducers– etc.One design for all applications4567In this respect, Siemens offers a uniform,universal technology for the entire functional scope of secondary equipment, bothin the construction and connection of thedevices and in their operation and communication. This results in uniformity of design, coordinated interfaces and the sameoperating concept being establishedthroughout, whether in power system andgenerator protection, in measurement andrecording systems, in substation controland protection or in telecontrol.All devices are highly compact and immune to interference, and are thereforealso suitable for direct installation inswitchgear cells. Furthermore, all devicesand systems are largely self-monitoring,which means that previously costly maintenance can be reduced considerably.Fig. 1: The digital substation control system SICAM implements all of the control, measurement and automationfunctions of a substation. Protection relays are connected serially“Complete technology from one partner“8910The Protection and Substation Control Systems Division of the Siemens Power Transmission and Distribution Group suppliesdevices and systems for: Power System Protection Substation Control Remote Control (RTUs) Measurement and Recording Monitoring and Conditioning of PowerQualityThis covers all of the measurement, control, automation and protection functionsfor substations*.Furthermore, our activities cover: Consulting Planning Design Commissioning and ServiceThis uniform technology ”all from onesource“ saves the user time and money inthe planning, assembly and operation ofhis substations.*An exception is revenue metering. Meters are separateproducts of our Metering Division.6/2Fig. 2a: Protection and control in HV GIS switchgearFig. 2b: Protection and control in bay dedicatedkiosks of an EHV switchyardRationalization of operationby means of SCADA-like operation controland high-performance, uniformly operable PC toolsSavings in terms of spaceand costsby means of integration of many functionsinto one unit and compact equipment designSimplified planning andoperational reliabilityby means of uniform design,coordinated interfaces and universally identical EMCEfficient parameterizationand operationby means of PC tools with uniform operatorinterfaceHigh levels of reliabilityand availabilityby means of type-tested system technology, completeself-monitoring and the use of proven technology– 20 years of practical experience with digital protection,more than 150,000 devices in operation (1999)– 15 years of practical experience with substationautomation (SINAUT LSA and SICAM), over1500 substations in operation (1999)Fig. 3: For the user, “complete technology from one source” has many advantagesSiemens Power Engineering Guide · Transmission and Distribution · 4th Edition
Protection and Substation ControlGeneral Overview1Protection and substation automationSubstation automationSICAM/SINAUT LSASINAUT LSASICAM SASSubstation automationsystems, centralized anddecentralizedSubstation automationsystems, LAN-based(Profibus)ProtectionSIPROTECPower qualitySIMEAS/SIPCONFeeder protectionovercurrent/overload relaysSIMEAS R7SJ5 and 7SJ6Energy automationbased on PC and LAN(Profibus)SICAM RTUEnhanced RTU6MD2010SINAUT LSA34Power qualityrecorders7SA5SICAM PCCFault recorders(Oscillostores)SIMEAS Q, M, NLine protectiondistance relaysRemote terminal units2Line protectionpilot protection relaysSIMEAS T7SD5MeasuringtransducersTransformer protectionSIPCON7UT5Power conditioners56Compact unit6MB552Generator/motor protectionMinicompact unit7UM56MB5537Busbar protection7SS5 and 7VH88Fig. 4: Siemens Protection and Substation Control comprises these systems and product rangesSystem ProtectionSiemens offers a complete spectrum ofmultifunctional, numerical relays for allapplications in the field of network andmachine protection.Uniform design and electromagnetic-interference-free construction in metal housingswith conventional connection terminals inaccordance with public utility requirementsassure simple system design and usagejust as with conventional relays.Numerical measurement techniques ensure precise operation and necessitate lessmaintenance thanks to their continuousself-monitoring capability.The integration of additional protectionand other functions, such as real-timeoperational measurements, event and faultrecording, all in one unit economizes onspace, design and wiring costs.Setting and programming of the devicescan be performed through the integral,plaintext, menu-guided operator display orby using the comfortable PC program DIGSI for Windows*.Open serial interfaces, IEC 870-5-103-compliant, allow free communication with higher level control systems, including thosefrom other manufacturers. Connection to aProfibus substation LAN is optionally possible.Thus the on-line measurements and faultdata registered in the protective relayscan be used for local and remote controlor can be transmitted via telephone modem connections to the workplace of theservice engineer.Siemens supplies individual devices aswell as complete protection systems infactory finished cubicles. For complex applications, for example, in the field of extrahigh-voltage transmission, type and designtest facilities are available together with anextensive and comprehensive networkmodel using the most modern simulationand evaluation techniques.* Windows is a registered product of MicrosoftSiemens Power Engineering Guide · Transmission and Distribution · 4th Edition6/3910
Protection and Substation ControlGeneral Overview12345678910Substation controlSwitchgear interlockingAdvantages for the userThe digital substation control systemsSICAM and SINAUT LSA provide all control, measurement and automation functions (e.g. transformer tap changing) required by a switching station. They operatewith distributed intelligence. Communication between feeder-located devicesand central unit is made via interferencefree fiber optic connections.Devices are extremely compact and can bebuilt directly into medium and high-voltageswitchgear.To input data, set and program the system,the unique PC programs SICAM PlusToolsand LSA-TOOLS are available. Parametersand values are input at the central unit anddownloaded to the field devices, thus ensuring error-free and consistent data transfer.The operator interface is menu-guided,with SCADA comparable functions, that is,with a level of convenience which was previously only available in a network controlcenter. Optional telecontrol functions canbe added to allow coupling of the systemto one or more network control centers.In contrast to conventional controls, digitaltechnology saves enormously on spaceand wiring. SICAM and LSA systems aresubjected to full factory tests and are delivered in fully functional condition.The digital interlocking system 8TK is usedfor important substations in particular withmultiple busbar arrangements. It preventsfalse switching and provides an additionallocal bay control function which allows failsafe switching, even when the substationcontrol system is not available. Thereforethe safety of operating personnel andequipment is considerabely enhanced.The 8TK system can be used as a standalone interlocked control, or as back-upsystem together with the digital 6MB substation control.The concept of ”Complete technologyfrom one partner“ offers the user manyadvantages: High-level security for his systemsand operational rationalization possibilities– powerful system solutions with themost modern technology– compliance with international standards Integration in the overall systemSIPROTEC-SICAM-SIMATIC Space and cost savings– integration of many functions into oneunit and compact equipment packaging Simple planning and secure operation– unified design, matched interfacesand EMI security throughout Rationalized programming and handling– menu-guided PC Tools and unifiedkeypads and displays Fast, flexible mounting, reduced wiring Simple, fast commissioning Effective spare part stocking, highflexibility High-level operational security and availability– continuous self-monitoring and proventechnology:– 20 years digital relay experience (morethan 150,000 units in operation)– 10 years of SINAUT LSA and SICAMsubstation control (more than 1500systems in operation) Rapid problem solving– comprehensive advice and fast response from local sales andworkshop facilities worldwide.Remote controlSiemens remote control equipment6MB55* and 6MD2010 fulfills all the classic functions of remote measurement andcontrol. Furthermore, because of the powerful microprocessors with 32-bit technology, they provide comprehensive data preprocessing, automation functions and bulkstorage of operational and fault information.In the classic case, connections to theswitchgear are made through coupling relays and transducers. This method allowsan economically favorable solution whenmodernizing or renewing the secondarysystems in older installations. Alternatively,especially for new installations, direct connection is also possible. Digital protectiondevices can be connected by serial linksthrough fiber-optic conductors.In addition, the functions ”operating andmonitoring“ can be provided by the connection of a PC, thus raising the telecontrolunit to the level of a central station controlsystem. Using the facility of nodal functions, it is also possible to build regionalcontrol points so that several substationscan be controlled from one location.6/4Power Quality(Measurement, recording and powercompensation)The SIMEAS product range offers equipment for the superversion of power supplyquality (harmonic content, distortion factor,peak loads, power factor, etc.), fault recorders (Oscillostore), data logging printersand measurement transducers.Stored data can be transmitted manually orautomatically to PC evaluation systemswhere it can be analyzed by intelligent programs. Expert systems are also appliedhere. This leads to rapid fault analysis andvaluable indicators for the improvement ofnetwork reliability.For local bulk data storage and transmission, the central processor DAKON canbe installed at substation level. Data transmission circuits for analog telephone ordigital ISDN networks are incorporated asstandard. Connection to local or wide-areanetworks (LAN, WAN) is equally possible.We also have the SIMEAS T series of compact and powerful measurement transducers with analog and digital outputs.The SIPCON Power Conditioner solvesnumerous system problems. It compensates (for example) unbalanced loads orsystem voltage dips and suppressessystem harmonics. It performs these functions so that sensitive loads are assured ofsuitable voltage quality at all times. In addition, the system ist also capable of eliminating the perturbation produced by irregular loads. The use of SIPCON can enableenergy suppliers worldwide to provide theend consumer with distinctive quality ofsupply.Application hintsAll named devices and systems for protection, metering and control are designedto be used in the harsh environment ofelectrical substations, power plants andthe various industrial application areas.When the devices were developed, specialemphasis was placed on EMI. The devicesare in accordance with IEC 60 255 standards. Detailed information is contained inthe device manuals.Reliable operation of the devices is notaffected by the usual interference fromthe switchgear, even when the device ismounted directly in a low-voltage compartment of a medium-voltage cubicle.Siemens Power Engineering Guide · Transmission and Distribution · 4th Edition
Protection and Substation ControlApplication HintsIt must, however, be ensured that the coilsof auxiliary relays located on the samepanel, or in the same cubicle, are fittedwith suitable spike quenching elements(e.g. free-wheeling diodes).When used in conjunction with switchgearfor 100 kV or above, all external connectioncables should be fit
Protection relays are connected serially Fig. 3: For the user, “complete technology from one source” has many advantages *An exception is revenue metering. Meters are separate products of our Metering Division. Protection and Substation Control General Overview by means of SCADA-like operation control and high-performance, uniformly operable PC tools Rationalization of operation by means .
