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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ TOEFL ANDGPA SCORES OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMAT IAIN PALANGKA RAYATHESISBYANISA RAHMADHANISRN. 1501121054STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF PALANGKA RAYAFACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONLANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTEMENTSTUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION1440 H / 2019 Mi
2THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ TOEFL ANDGPA SCORES OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMAT IAIN PALANGKA RAYATHESISPresented toState Islamic Institute of Palangka Rayain partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of Sarjana in English Language EducationBYANISA RAHMADHANISRN. 1501121054STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF PALANGKA RAYAFACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONLANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTEMENTii
2STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION1440 H / 2019 Miii
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2MOTTO AND DEDICATION“ Allah does not charge a soul except (with that within) its capacity ”(Q.S Al- Baqarah (286): 2)This Thesis is dedicated to:My beloved Father Mr. Syafruddin and my MotherMrs. Hayati for their valuable endless prayer,sacrifice, and support also for all my brothers,Sufianur, Akhmad Fauzi, Riyad Sholihin. Then, formy beloved friends PBI‟15 especially Bee, Anis andLydia, and my friends in SEMA Institute andIndependent Course.vii
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2ABSTRACTRahmadhani, A. 2019. The Correlation between Students’ TOEFL and GPAScores of English Education Study Program at IAIN Palangka Raya. UnpublishedThesis. Department of Language Education, Faculty of Teacher Trainingand Education, State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya. Advisors: (I) Hj.Apni Ranti, M.Hum; (II) Santi Erliana, M.PdKey Words: correlation, TOEFL, GPAThe aim of the research was to find out the correlation between students‟TOEFL and GPA scores of English education study program at IAIN PalangkaRaya on academic year 2015. This study focus to find out the correlation betweenstudents‟ TOEFL and GPA scores from English components and skill courses andnamely Speaking, Reading, Writing, Listening, Grammar, Pronunciation, andVocabulary courses.The research design was quantitative and the research type wascorrelation. The data were taken from Administration of English Education StudyProgram in order to analyze students‟ GPA and also from Language DevelopmentUnit at IAIN Palangka Raya to know the students‟ TOEFL scores, therefore theresearcher used documentation as the instrument of this research. Then, 42students were taken as the sample of this study, moreover purposive samplingtechnique was used. In addition, the technique of data analysis used Pearsonproduct moment correlation.The research findings show that there is moderate positive correlationbetween students‟ TOEFL and GPA scores at IAIN Palangka Raya (r xy 0.639 rtable 0.3932 at 1 %). Therefore, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted andthe null hypotheis (Ho) is rejected. It can be concluded that the students‟ GPAscores have positive relationship or influence to students‟ TOEFL scores.ix
2ABSTRAKRahmadhani, A. 2019. Korelasi antara Nilai TOEFL dan IPK MahasiswaProgram Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di IAIN Palangka Raya. Tesisyang tidak diterbitkan. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa, Fakultas Keguruan danIlmu Pendidikan, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya. Penasihat:(I) Hj. Apni Ranti, M. Hum; (II) Santi Erliana, M. Pd.Kata kunci: korelasi, TOEFL, IPKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu korelasi antara nilaiTOEFL dan IPK mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa Inggris di IAINPalangka Raya pada angkatan 2015. Fokus studi ini untuk mengetahui korelasiantara nilai TOEFL mahasiswa dan nilai IPK mereka dari mata kuliah komponenbahasa Inggris dan mata kuliah keterampilan yaitu mata kuliah Berbicara,Membaca, Menulis, Mendengarkan, Tata Bahasa, Pengucapan, dan Kosakatadalam Bahasa Inggris.Desain penelitian adalah kuantitatif dan menggunakan tipe penelitiankorelasi. Dalam mengumpulkan data tersebut, peneliti menggunakan dokumentasidari Administrasi program studi pendidikan bahasa Inggris untuk menganalisaIPK mahasiswa dan juga dari unit pengembangan bahasa di IAIN Palangka Rayauntuk mengetahui nilai TOEFL mahasiswa. Kemudian, 42 siswa adalah sebagaisample dari studi ini, lebih lanjut, metode pengambilan sample dalam penelitianini adalah purposive sampling. Selain itu, teknik analisis data menggunakankorelasi Pearson product moment.Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi positif moderatantara nilai TOEFL dan GPA mahasiswa di IAIN Palangka Raya (r xy 0.639 rtable 0.3932 di 1%). Oleh karena itu, hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima dan nullhipoteis (Ho) ditolak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai IPK mahasiswa memilikihubungan positif atau berpengaruh pada nilai TOEFL mereka.x
2ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe researcher would like to express her sincere gratitude to Allah SWTfor the blessing bestowed in her whole life particulary during the thesis writing,without which this thesis would not have come its final form. Sholawat and salamalways be bestowed to the last propet Muhammad SAW., having show us the roleof life to make our life true.Her appreciation is addressed to:1. Dr. Hj. Raudhatul Jennah, M.Pd., as the Dean and also Vice Dean ofFaculty of Teacher Training and Education of the State Islamic Institute ofPalangka Raya, for his permission, so that the writer can accomplish therequirements for composing this thesis.2. Santi Erliana, M.Pd., as the Chair of Language Department, for hervaluable, guidence and permission, not only in administrative matter butalso in academic matter so that the researcher can finish this theis.3. M. Zaini Miftah, M.Pd., as the Chair of English Education Study program,for his valuable assistance both in academic and administrative matters.4. Her thesis advisors, Hj. Apni Ranti, M.Hum., and Santi Erliana, M.Pd., fortheir generous advice, valuable guidance and elaborated correction duringthe completion of her thesis.xi
25. Both the members of the board of examiners, for their corrections,comments and sugestions which are profitable to the accomplishing of thisthesis.6. All lectures of Study Program of English Education from whom gave herin-dept knowledge of English and English teaching.7. Her classmates of Study Program of English Education, especially the onacademic year 2015, for the support in sadness and happiness during thestudy in undergraduate program and for their spirit to assomplish herstudy.8. Her beloved parents, Mr. Syafruddin and Mrs. Hayati, for their moralsupport and endless prayer so that she is able to finish her study.9. All the lecturers and all students of Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya.10. All her freindsThank you for the support, praying, patience, suggestion,correactions, comment, and guidance that help the researcher to finish herthesis. Moreover, the researcher realized that this thesis is could moreperpect since nothing is perpect in this world, therefore some constructivecritical and suggestions are welcomed, May Allah always bless us.Aamiin.Palangka Raya, May 9th 2019The researcher,xii
2Anisa RahmadhaniSRN. 1501121054TABLE OF CONTENTSPageCOVER . iCOVER (Second Page) . iiADVISOR APPROVAL . iiiPERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING . ivTHESIS APPROVAL . vOFFICIAL NOTE . viMOTTO AND DEDICATION . viiDECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP . viiiABSTRACT . ixABSTRAK . xACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xiTABLE OF CONTENTS . xiiLIST OF TABLES . xivLIST OF FIGURES. xviLIST OF APPENDICES . xviiLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xviiiCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.The background of the study . 1Research problems . 5Objective of the study . 5Hypothesis of the study . 6Assumption . 6Scope and limitation of the study . 6Significance of the study . 7Definition of key terms . 8CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . 9A. Previous studies . 9B. The Nature of TOEFL . 17C. The TOEFL Test Type . 181. Institutional Testing Program (ITP) . 182. Computer Based test (CBT) . 193. Internet Based Test (IBT). 19xiii
24. Paper Based Test (PBT) . 20D. TOEFL PBT Testing Area . 211. Listening Comprehension . 212. Structure and Written Expression . 223. Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary . 22E. TOEFL in IAIN Palangka Raya . 22F. The Nature of GPA . 231. Definition of GPA . 232. Types of GPA . 24G. Academic System in IAIN Palangka Raya . 241. English Courses in IAIN Palangka Raya . 242. Evaluation System . 253. Result of Student Studies . 29H. Correlation . 30CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD. 33A.B.C.D.Research Design . 33Research Type . 33Place and Time . 34Population and sample . 341. Population . 342. Sample . 34E. Research instrument . 361. Validity. 372. Reliability . 38F. Data Collection Procedures . 39G. Data Analysis . 40CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION . 47A. Data Presentation. 47B. Research Findings . 691. Testing Normality . 692. Testing Linearity . 703. Testing Homogenity . 714. Testing Hypothesis . 725. Interpretation of the Results . 78C. Discussion . 79CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION . 82A. Conclusion . 82B. Suggestion . 83REFERENCESAPPENDICESxiv
2LIST OF TABLESTablesPage2.1 TOEFL Test Development . 172.2 Paper Based-Test . 202.3 Determination Score of TOEFL PBT . 212.4 Teaching Value Guidelines . 283.1 Interpretation Correlation . 434.1 Classification of Students‟ Score in Courses . 484.2 Interpretation of Students‟ GPA Scores . 484.3 Students‟ Scores in Speaking Courses . 494.4 The Distribution of Students‟ Speaking Scores . 504.5 Students‟ Scores in Writing Courses. 514.6 the Distribution of Students‟ Writing Scores . 534.7 Students‟ Scores in Reading Courses . 544.8 The Distribution of Students‟ Reading Scores . 554.9 Students‟ Scores in Listening Courses . 564.10 The Distribution of Students‟ Listening Scores . 574.11 Students‟ Scores in Pronunciation Course . 584.12 The Distribution of Students‟ Pronunciation Scores. 594.13 Students‟ Scores in Vocabulary Course . 604.14 The Distribution of Students‟ Vocabulary Scores . 614.15 Students‟ Scores in Grammar Courses . 624.16 The Distribution of Students‟ Grammar Scores . 644.17 The Result of Students‟ GPA Score in English Skill and ComponentsCourses . 65xv
24.18 The Students‟ First TOEFL Score. 664.19 The Determination Score of TOEFL PBT . 684.20 The Distribution of Students‟ TOEFL Scores . 684.21 Testing Normality . 694.22 Testing Linearity . 704.23 Testing Homogeneity . 674.24 The Correlation between Students‟ GPA and TOEFL Scores . 724.25 The Calculation of Correlation between Students‟ GPA and TOEFL usingSPSS . 754.26 Interpretation of Orientation . 78xvi
2LIST OF FIGURESFiguresPage2.1 The Coefficient Correlation . 313.1 Scatterplot of Correlation . 464.1 The Scatterplot of Normality Test. 704.2 The Scatterplot of Linearity Test . 714.3 The Scatterplot of SPSS Calculation. 76xvii
2LIST OF APPENDICESAppendixPageAppendix 1 The Interpretation of Students‟ Code . 88Appendix 2 Students‟ Scores in English Courses . 89Appendix 3 Students‟ Study Result Card (KHS) . 95Appendix 4 Students‟ GPA Scores in English Courses . 96Appendix 5 Data of Students‟ TOEFL Scores Period 2018 and 2019. 101Appendix 6 Research Decrees . 102Appendix 7 Curriculum Vitae . 103xviii
2LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSGPA: Grade Point AverageCGPA: Cumulative Grade Point AverageTGPA: Term Grade Point AverageTOEFL: Test of English as Foreign LanguageITP: Institutional Testing ProgramCBT: Computer Based TestIBT: Internet Based TestPBT: Paper Based TestELP: English Language ProficiencyEFL: English Foreign LanguageELL: English Language LearnerIAIN: Institut Agama Islam NegeriHa: Alternatif HyphothesisHo: Null HyphothesisCAE: Comprehensive Assesment ExaminationTUTEP: Tanjungpura University Test of English ProficiencyETS: Educational Testing ProgramTWE: Test of Written EnglishSPSS: Statistical Package for Social SciencesSKS: Satuan Kredit Semesterxix
CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONThis chapter covers the background of the study, the problem of the study,objective of the study, the hypothesis of the study,assunotion, scope andlimitation, significance of the study, and definition of key terms.A. Background of the StudyIn Indonesia, English is as a foreign language. Since, in daily life,the environment does not use full English to communicate even ininformal or formal situation, except in the special event. Therefore, manypeople of Indonesian are not conscious of the English role although theyhave studied it since they were young even from when they in theelementary school (Prastica, 2017, p. 1). Meanwhile, it had been knownthat, in the country which does not use English as first language, thesociety have to do the reliable test in order to evaluate their Englishproficiency.Therefore, in today‟s world several university prosecuted thestudents to follow an English Language Proficiency (ELP) test, especiallyEnglish Foreign Language (EFL) students‟ since its a tool to evaluate theirEnglish Proficiency. In addition, it is important for them because in somearea ELP test could be used as requirement in many aspect such as,requirement for scholarship, to apply for study abroad or even asrequirement for pass from their university (Cho & Bridgeman, 2013, p.422). Those are also as the reason why ELP test usually used to determinethe students' success. Abedi (2008, p. 193) argues that English Language1
2Proficiency (ELP) estimation is still a highly notable side especially forEnglish Language Learners (ELL).In addition, according to Warfield, Laribee and Geyer (2013,p.191) one of the kinds of English Language Proficiency (ELP) test orlanguage testing is TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Thistest is highly recognized as a standard language testing in EnglishLanguage and had been internationally recognized and respected. Thegrade of the TOEFL is mostly used as an indicator in academic life aroundthe world. Al-Rawashdesh as cited in Putri (2018, p. 2) argues that a highTOEFL score is very important. In addition, Ling, Powers, and Adler(2014, p. 13 ) found that TOEFL test through general English or specificstandardized test course can be used to improve English proficiency.So that every university requires the undergraduate students to takeTOEFL test to measure their proficiency in understanding Englishconversation and English text also in order to develop their undergraduatequality. State of Islamic Institute or IAIN Palangka Raya is one of the stateinstitutions which highly requires the students to achieve the passing gradeon TOEFL.Therefore, students at English Study Programs in IAIN PalangkaRaya are not only required to take courses such as Grammar, Listening,Writing, Reading, and Speaking or even other general courses, but alsoTOEFL (the Test of English as a Foreign Language) test in order tocomplete their studies and also as the requirement before doing thesisexamination or munaqasah. The TOEFL PBT was tested by Language
3Development Unit at IAIN Palangka Raya. It is an obligation of everystudent in the English Study Program in IAIN Palangka Raya to pass theminimum TOEFL score at least 500 points. But in fact, this rule makessome students find difficulties in answering TOEFL whereas they arestudents of English Education Study Program who basically learn English.Besides, another importance thing that related with students'performance is students‟ GPA (Grade Point Average), since GPA regardedas a representation of their knowledge, skills, and competence in thediscipline that they have learned and as the basis for which students willbe judged on the quality of work in their academic career. A lot ofinvestigation in various countries have been conducted in order todetermine the use of GPA such as Cohn, Balch & Bradley (2004) and asloDietz (2006) and those all have found that GPA has strong positivepredictive power on student‟s undergradaute succes and its useful formany aspects likes as the requirement for students to graduate, astandardized requirement for students' scholarship, the criteria for joiningresearch program, the requirements to continue undergraduate andgraduate programs. In short, GPA in many countries is one of the mostimportant factors that impact students' success and performanceuniversally (Nodoushan, 2009). Cabrera, La Nasa and Burkum (2005)stated that besides other college matters, GPA is still the influentialdeterminant of students graduation.Nevertheless, despite many studies have been carried out aroundthe world on the correlation between students' TOEFL score and GPA,
4such as study from Putri (2018) who was found that there is positivecorrelation between students TOEFL and GPA scores, in addition, a studyby Ghenghest (2015) showed that there is a significant but moderatepositive relationship between students‟ proficiency in English whichmeasured by TOEFL test and their overall academic performance whichmeasure by students‟ GPA score. Moreover, Cho and Bridgeman (2012)also did a research about the relationship of TOEFL iBT scores toacademic performance which is from students‟ GPA score from Americanuniversities and indicated that students with higher TOEFL iBT scorestended to earn higher GPA. It could be conclude that this issue not onlyhappen in Indonesia especially at IAIN Palangka Raya, but also in anothercountries and universities in the world. On the other hand, no research hasbeen conducted at IAIN Palangka Raya on the relationship betweenstudents' TOEFL and GPA scores in order to field the gap from theprevious studies.Related with those information both of TOEFL test and GPA, andbased on informal interview a lot of people expect that English studentswho have high GPA score will also have high TOEFL score because fromtheir GPA score others people can know that their academic performancein class when they are learn English is great, which is English studentsmostly learn about English meanwhile TOEFL score that basically is testof English language. On the other hand, not many students of EnglishEducation Study Program can pass the TOEFL score with 500 points inthe first time.
5Therefore, to clarify this issue and consider with the important ofboth English language proficiency whichmeasured by TOEFL andstudents English academic performance as measured by GPA, theresearcher intends to conduct a research about the correlation betweenstudents TOEFL score and GPA and focus on TOEFL PBT because regardwith Language Development Unit at IAIN Palangka Raya which use thatkind of TOEFL test. The PBT (paper-based test) is one of TOEFL testthat made to quantify students English proficiency that consists oflistening comprehension, grammar, and written expression and reading(Abunawas, 2014). The researcher aims to conduct research entitled: THECORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS' TOEFL AND GPASCORES OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM AT IAIN PALANGKARAYA.B. Problem of the StudyBased on the background of the study above, the problem of thisstudy formulate with the question “Is there any correlation betweenstudents‟ TOEFL and GPA scores of English Education Study Program onacademic year 2015 at IAIN Palangka Raya ?”.C. The objective of the StudyBased on the research problem of the study above, the objective ofthis study is to find out the correlation between students‟ TOEFL and
6GPA scores of English Education Study Program on academic year 2015at IAIN Palangka Raya.D. The Hypothesis of the Study1. Alternative hypothesis (Ha): there is a positive correlation betweenstudents‟ TOEFL and GPA scores of English Education StudyProgram on academic year 2015 of IAIN Palangka Raya.2. Null hypothesis (Ho): there is no positive correlation between students‟TOEFL and GPA scores of English Education Study Program onacademic year 2015 of IAIN Palangka Raya.E. AssumptionThis study is conducted on the assumption that if students ofEnglish Education Study Program on academic year 2015 of IAINPalangka Raya have good GPA score then they will also have highTOEFL score.F. Scope and LimitationThis study belongs to quantitative approach especially correlationdesign. This study focuses on determining the relationship betweenstudent‟s TOEFL score and their GPA score. This study was limited tostudents of English Education Study Program who have already taken
7TOEFL PBT from Language Development Unit in IAIN Palangka Raya,as a requirement for thesis examination. Therefore, the sample of thisstudy was limited to students of English Education Study Program onacademic year 2015 on 8th semester because students should do TOEFLtest in that semester and researcher choose students in the academic year2015 since they as the recent students who do the TOEFL PBT test. Sothat the researcher used total population sampling to take the participantsor sample and the researcher only measure the students‟ first score ofTOEFL test because many students have to follow TOEFL test in severaltimes to pass with 500 scores. Putri (2018) argues that the students' firstTOEFL score is more accurate. In addition, the researcher only measurestheir GPA score from English courses, such as Listening, Reading,Speaking, Writing, Grammar, Vocabulary, and Pronunciation.G. Significance of the StudyThis study was expected to give worthy contribution, becauseregarding to the gap of previous studies such as from Martirosyam,Hwang, and Wajohi (2015) who did the same topic with this study butthey were used ex-post facto design and its need one year in order tocollect the data. In addition, a study by Wait and Gressel (2009) who did aresearch with heterogen participants. Meanwhile, Putri (2018) and Wijaya,Sudarsono, and Regina (2015) who did the same research but notmeasured all English courses. On the other hand, this research expected togive better performance with measured all English courses and used
8appropriate design which is correlation type and with homogenparticipants since it was a requirement for collect data in correlationdesign. Moreover, the information of the importance both TOEFL andGPA scores or the result of this study expected to be useful for students inorder to make they prepare the TOEFL test well and also for lecturers thisstudy could as they consideration to put TOEFL material in their courses,and for other researchers this study could as references and give thepositive contribution and information.H. Definition of Key TermsThere are some key terms used in this proposal, so to make thereaders understand, the researcher tries to give the definition of key termsas follow:1. TOEFLTOEFL (The Test of English as a Foreign Language) is a testwhich as one of the most commonly used around the world in order tomeasures non-native English speakers‟ in their English proficiency.2. GPAA grade point average (GPA) is a number representing the averagevalue of the accumulated final grades earned in courses over time.3. CorrelationCorrelation is one of the research design from a quantitative approachwhich is the aims to determine the relationship between two or morevariables.
9CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF LITERATUREThis chapter discusses the related study, the nature of TOEFL and also thetypes, the TOEFL testing area, TOEFL test in IAIN Palangka Raya, academicsystem in IAIN Palangka Raya, the nature of GPA and the types, the nature ofcorrelation design.A. Rela
TOEFL and GPA scores of English education study program at IAIN Palangka Raya on academic year 2015. This study focus to find out the correlation between students‟ TOEFL and GPA scores from English components and skill courses and namely Speaking, Reading, Writing, Listening, Grammar, Pronunciation, and Vocabulary courses.
