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A Story: Is Sammy Alive?Part 1Sammy was a normal, healthy boy. There was nothing in his life to indicate that he was anything different from anyone else. When he completed highschool, he obtained a job in a factory, operating a machine press. On this job he had an accident and lost his hand. It was replaced with an artificial handthat looked and operated almost like a real one.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Part 2Soon afterward, Sammy developed a severe intestinal difficulty, and a large portion of his lower intestine had to be removed. It was replaced with anelastic silicon tube.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Part 3Everything looked good for Sammy until he was involved in a serious car accident. Both of his legs and his good arm were crushed and had to beamputated. He also lost an ear. Artificial legs enabled Sammy to walk again, and an artificial arm replaced the real arm. Plastic surgery enabled doctors torebuild the ear.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Part 4Over the next several years, Sammy was plagued with internal disorders. First, he had to have an operation to remove his aorta and replace it with asynthetic vessel. Next, he developed a kidney malfunction, and the only way he could survive was to use a kidney dialysis machine (no donor was foundfor a kidney transplant). Later, his digestive system became cancerous and was removed. He received nourishment intravenously. Finally, his heart failed.Luckily for Sammy, a donor heart was available, and he had a heart transplant.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Part 5It was now obvious that Sammy had become a medical phenomenon. He had artificial limbs, nourishment was supplied to him through his veins;therefore he had no solid wastes. The kidney dialysis machine removed all waste material. The heart that pumped his blood to carry oxygen and food tohis cells was not his original heart. But Sammy's transplanted heart began to fail. He was immediately placed on a heart-lung machine. This suppliedoxygen and removed carbon dioxide from his blood, and it circulated blood through his body.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Part 6The doctors consulted bioengineers about Sammy. Because almost all of his life-sustaining functions were being carried on by machine, it might be possibleto compress all of these machines into one mobile unit, which would be controlled by electrical impulses from Sammy's brain. This unit would beequipped with mechanical arms to enable him to perform manipulative tasks. A mechanism to create a flow of air over his vocal cords might enable himto speak. To do all this, they would have to amputate at the neck and attach his head to the machine, which would then supply all nutrients to his brain.Sammy consented, and the operation was successfully performed.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Part 7Sammy functioned well for a few years. However, a slow deterioration of his brain cells was observed and was diagnosed as terminal. So the medicalteam that had developed around Sammy began to program his brain. A miniature computer was developed: it could be housed in a machine that washumanlike in appearance, movement, and mannerisms. As the computer was installed, Sammy's brain cells completely deteriorated. Sammy was onceagain able to leave the hospital with complete assurance that he would not return with biological illness.Is Sammy Alive? (explain why or why not)Look up definitions of “life” or “living” and then make changes to any of your answers in a different color pen.
Glenco Biology Chapter 1 Reading Guide1. Biology 2. Give one example of an application of biology in your life (before this class!) and why studying biology is important.3. Name and explain 5 things biologists do: 4. Name and explain 8 characteristics of life: 5. Differentiate betweenGrowth / development Response / adaptation Scientific theory / law Science / pseudoscience Observation / inference Constant / variable Dependent variable / independent variable Experimental group / control group Qualitative data / quantitative data
6. Define the following and then use each in a sentence.OrganismSpeciesPeer reviewDataMetric system7. Name and give examples of 6 thins good scientists, not pseudoscientists, do when they observe nature.a.b.c.d.e.f.8. What is scientific literacy and why is it important to have it within a society?9. List at least 8 steps scientist use to investigate something new or which they wish to understand/explain toothers.10. Explain “Methods of Science” in your own words. Give different examples of each step than those in thebook.11. What is the SI and why is it used?
LAB: Is it Alive?NPDUnit: Alive or Not (1.3)1. What are the 8 characteristics of life (from your book – list them in order)?12345678ObjectNumberWhat is the object?Living; Once Living;Made by a Living Thing;Never LivingWhich of the 8 Characteristicsdoes it show?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81234567891011121314151617181920Once you have collected all data, determine whether the items are Living; Once Living; Made by a living thing; or Never Living.2. Of the things that were not considered alive (never living), name one characteristic of life that none of themhad.3. Which characteristics do you feel best define life?
4. What is the difference between a living specimen and a once living specimen?5. How are never-living specimens different from once-living ones?6. What are examples of how human beings show the characteristics of life?organizationgetting and using energyresponsivenesshomeostasis-7. Label each of the following situations as one of the characteristics of life.Situationa. a cell dividesb. a giraffe eats leaves off of a treec. when using a microscope you see liver cellsd. you get goose bumps when it’s colde. plants capture sunlight to make glucosef. a sperm cell and egg cell fuse to make a zygoteg. a rabbit’s fur turns white in the winterCharacteristic of Life8. Classify each of the following as a stimulus or a response (answer each).a) ( S or R ) the recess bell ringing in an elementary schoolb) ( S or R ) your mouth watering at the sight of food on a platec) ( S or R ) a sudden drop in air temperatured) ( S or R ) a flu virus entering your bodye) ( S or R ) getting “butterflies” in your stomach before giving a speech.9. Classify each of the following as living or nonliving thing (answer each).a) ( L or N ) rust eating a hole in a metal bucketb) ( L or N ) an apple on a treec) ( L or N ) bacteriad) ( L or N ) lightninge) ( L or N ) a dinosaur fossilf) ( L or N ) a wasp10. All factors in the environment are considered as either biotic or abiotic. Which are these?a) ( B or A ) Livingb) ( B or A ) Once livingc) ( B or A ) Made by a living thingd) ( B or A ) Never living
Webquest: Is it Alive?NPDUnit: Alive (1.3)Overview: In this activity, you’ll identify observable characteristics of life in videos of various organisms anddescribe those characteristics.ReviewWhat are six easily observable characteristics of living things?http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging station/activities/classroom/characteristics/ca characteristics.php1.2.3.4.5.6.Defining "life" is a very difficult task, and scientists don’t all agree on a common list of thecharacteristics of life. Some of the other characteristics that you may discover , and which are oftenlisted in textbooks, include those listed closer to the bottom of the page of the website from above.Compare this list with the “BASIC SIX” that you wrote down above. What is found on this list of 11that isn’t found on the list of 6?7.8.9.10.11.Instructions:1.On the data table (see back), click on each category name in turn.2.Read the introduction, then play the video.3.Record one or more of the characteristics that you observe for each category and describe it on your data table.Exploratorium Microscope Imaging StationObserving the Characteristics of Life
Characteristics of Life Data TableCategoryCharacteristics of LifeDescription of Observed CharacteristicsC. elegans(Caenorhabditis elegans)Video: Moving C. elegansSea Urchins(Lytechinus pictus)Video: Sea urchin cell divisionSea Urchins(Lytechinus pictus)Video: Sea urchin fertilizationBlood CellsVideo: Human white blood cellsCellular Structure andFunctionVideo: Elodea leaf cellsStem CellsVideos: Compare Mouseembryonic stem cells—movie1 with Heart cells grown frommouse embryonic stem cells—movie 1Cell MotilityVideo: Crawling AmoebaZebrafish(Danio rerio)Video: Zebrafish developmentExploratorium Microscope Imaging StationObserving the Characteristics of Life
Title: “NOVA - Origins: How Life Began” WorksheetUnit: Alive (1.3)NPDThis video explores Earth’s early atmosphere, and describes an attempt to determine when life began usinggeology, biology, and chemistry in addition to present-day geologic and biologic conditions.Pre-video question:Extremophiles (-philes means “to love”) are bacteria that thrive in harsh subterranean and deep oceanenvironments similar to those believed to have existed on primitive Earth. What do you know already aboutEarth’s primitive atmosphere OR what qualities do you think Earth’s atmosphere had before life?Directions:Answer the following questions while watching this video. These questions go in chronological order to thevideo. Some answer to questions will be very close to each other in the video and some will be further away.1.2.3.4.Earth is a place that is and by life.When was Earth “born”?[Earth] was covered in and smothered in noxious .What cataclysm occurred that eventually led to the Moon’s formation?5. The young Sun was than it is today.6. When the atmosphere was thicker and dominated by CO2, the Earth had a tinge to it and theoceans would have had an olive color rather than out familiar blue color.7. For about the first 600 billion years, comets and asteroids (300 miles across) pounded our planet- a timeknown as the “Heavy Bombardment.” Their impacts vaporized Earth’s and meltedits .8. Hydrogen sulfide can be extremely so the scientists wear gas masks inside the cave.9. Can any other forms of life survive in the deep recesses of a cave so toxic to humans?10. Snottites acidity (pH) is that of .11. All living things, from bacteria to mice to you and me, are made from a small set of chemical elements:, oxygen, , nitrogen- four of the most common elements in the universe.12. The brown goo that formed in Stanley Miller’s lab experiment was what?(They are compounds that form molecules when carbon and other elements link together and are thebuilding blocks of proteins, cells – which are the vital ingredients of all living things.)13. A) Where are some of the oldest rocks found on Earth?B) How old are these rocks?14. What do you see in a magnifying piece of space dust?15. There are more than kinds of amino acids that have been found in meteorites, and many are thefundamental ingredients of that make up living cells.
16. Amino acids, combinations of carbon and other basic elements, had fused together to form more complexmolecules called .17. [In underwater volcano vents] despite scalding , acid eruptions and total lack of ,[scientists] found creatures of all types thriving.18. Named after the - color of their cells, these cyanobacteria use photosynthesis to collectenergy from the sun. They secrete a sticky coating to shield them from radiation.19. Over time, stromatolites spread out across the . As a byproduct of photosynthesis, the ancientbacteria formed a waste product: .20. Cyanobacteria produced oxygen in varying amounts as water changed throughout theseasons.21. Tiny microbes raised the level of oxygen from less than one percent to today’s percent.22. With the protection of the layer, life was able to diversify into more complex .23. It’s only been the last percent of Earth’s history where there was life on the surface of Earththat you could see with your naked eye.24. Multi-cellular life that we are most familiar with- animals, plants, and their environment- was madepossible by the slow, toilsome task of to oxygenate the .Answer after the video:List two things are already knew before you watched the video.1.2.List three things that you learned from the video.1.2.3.List two things that still confuse you or you have further questions about from the video.1.2.SUMMARY:
The heart that pumped his blood to carry oxygen and food to his cells was not his original heart. But Sammy's transplanted heart began to fail. He was immediately placed on a heart-lung machine. This supplied . Look up definitions of "life" or "living" and then make changes to any of your answers in a different color pen.
