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3.3Assist pharmacists in the identification of patients who desire/require counseling to optimize the use of medications, equipment, anddevices.3.4Prepare patient-specific medications for distribution.3.5Prepare non-patient-specific medications for distribution.3.6Assist pharmacists in preparing, storing, and distributing medication products including those requiring special handling and documentation.3.7Assist pharmacists in the monitoring of medication therapy.3.8Maintain pharmacy facilities and equipment.3.9Use information from Safety Data Sheets (SDS), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Hazardous Drug List,and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) to identify, handle, dispense, and safely dispose of hazardous medications and materials.3.10 Describe Food and Drug Administration product tracking, tracing and handling requirements.3.11 Apply quality assurance practices to pharmaceuticals, durable and non-durable medical equipment, devices, and supplies.3.12 Explain procedures and communication channels to use in the event of a product recall or shortage, a medication error, oridentification of another problem.3.13 Use current technology to ensure the safety and accuracy of medication dispensing.3.14 Collect payment for medications, pharmacy services, and devices.3.15 Describe basic concepts related to preparation for sterile and non-sterile compounding.3.16 Prepare simple non-sterile medications per applicable USP chapters (e.g., reconstitution, basic ointments and creams).3.17 Assist pharmacists in preparing medications requiring compounding of non-sterile products.3.18 Explain accepted procedures in purchasing pharmaceuticals, devices, and supplies.3.19 Explain accepted procedures in inventory control of medications, equipment, and devices.3.20 Explain accepted procedures utilized in identifying and disposing of expired medications.3.21 Explain accepted procedures in delivery and documentation of immunizations.3.22 Prepare, store, and deliver medication products requiring special handling and documentation.ADVANCED-LEVEL3.23 Prepare compounded sterile preparations per applicable, current USP Chapters.3.24 Prepare medications requiring moderate and high level non-sterile compounding as defined by USP (e.g., suppositories, tablets,complex creams).3.25 Prepare or simulate chemotherapy/hazardous drug preparations per applicable, current USP Chapters.3.26 Initiate, verify, and manage the adjudication of billing for complex and/or specialized pharmacy services and goods.3.27 Apply accepted procedures in purchasing pharmaceuticals, devices, and supplies.3.28 Apply accepted procedures in inventory control of medications, equipment, and devices.3.29 Process, handle, and demonstrate administration techniques and document administration of immunizations and other injectablemedications.3.30 Apply the appropriate medication use process to investigational drugs, medications being used in off-label indications, and emergingdrug therapies as required.3.31 Manage drug product inventory stored in equipment or devices used to ensure the safety and accuracy of medication dispensing.Standard 4: Patient Care, Quality and Safety Knowledge and SkillsENTRY-LEVEL4.1Explain the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process and describe the role of the pharmacy technician in the patient care process.4.2Apply patient- and medication-safety practices in aspects of the pharmacy technician's roles.7

4.3Explain how pharmacy technicians assist pharmacists in responding to emergent patient situations, safely and legally.4.4Explain basic safety and emergency preparedness procedures applicable to pharmacy services.4.5Assist pharmacist in the medication reconciliation process.4.6Explain point of care testing.4.7Explain pharmacist and pharmacy technician roles in medication management services.4.8Describe best practices regarding quality assurance measures according to leading quality organizations.ADVANCED-LEVEL4.9Verify measurements, preparation, and/or packaging of medications produced by other healthcare professionals.4.10 Perform point-of-care testing to assist pharmacist in assessing patient's clinical status.4.11 Participate in the operations of medication management services.4.12 Participate in technical and operational activities to support the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process as assigned.4.13 Obtain certification as a Basic Life Support Healthcare Provider.Standard 5: Regulatory and Compliance Knowledge and SkillsENTRY-LEVEL5.1Describe and apply state and federal laws pertaining to processing, handling and dispensing of medications including controlledsubstances.5.2Describe state and federal laws and regulations pertaining to pharmacy technicians.5.3Explain that differences exist between states regarding state regulations, pertaining to pharmacy technicians, and the processing,handling and dispensing of medications.5.4Describe the process and responsibilities required to obtain and maintain registration and/or licensure to work as a pharmacytechnician.5.5Describe pharmacy compliance with professional standards and relevant legal, regulatory, formulary, contractual, and safetyrequirements.5.6Describe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), andUnited States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements for prevention and treatment of exposure to hazardous substances (e.g., riskassessment, personal protective equipment, eyewash, spill kit).5.7Describe OSHA requirements for prevention and response to blood-borne pathogen exposure (e.g., accidental needle stick, postexposure prophylaxis).5.8Describe OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (i.e., “Employee Right to Know”).ADVANCED-LEVEL5.9Participate in pharmacy compliance with professional standards and relevant legal, regulatory, formulary, contractual, and safetyrequirements.5.10 Describe major trends, issues, goals, and initiatives taking place in the pharmacy profession.8

MODEL CURRICULUMfor Pharmacy Technician Education and Training ProgramsSTANDARD 1: Personal/Interpersonal Knowledge and SkillsENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.1 Demonstrateethical ine/Reviewmaterial regarding ethical conduct(e.g., “ethics” definition).LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Combine ethically challengingsituations with other lab activitiesthat require students to applyethical judgment and decisions.Describe sample ethical situationsand ask students to describe andjustify ethical responses.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.2 Present animage appropriatefor the profession ofpharmacy inappearance /Define/Reviewhow pharmacy technicians presentan image appropriate for theprofession, in appearance andbehavior, including the followingtopics:o appropriate attireo appropriate hygieneo professional attitude anddemeanoro behavior during challengingsituationsLEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Have students dress the way theywould on a job and giveconstructive feedback as needed.Role-play challenging situations andhow to professionally handle them.Show or describe variousappearances of technicians and askif they are acceptable, why or whynot and how unacceptableappearances can be improved.Have students describe how theywould respond professionally inchallenging situations.Give examples of professional and9ExperientialExamples:Have students demonstrate ethicalresponses when called for.Ask students to describe ethicalchallenges they encountered andhow they responded to them.ExperientialExamples:Exhibit appropriate dress, hygieneand behavior at the experientialsite.Ask students to describe challengingsituations they encountered. Havethem describe how they handledthe situation and discuss ways itmight have been handled moreeffectively, if needed.

informal communications and askstudents which are appropriate.Have them translate informalcommunications into a professionalcommunication style.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.3 Demonstrateactive and engagedlistening skills.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.4 Communicateclearly andeffectively, bothverbally and efine/Reviewhow pharmacy techniciansdemonstrate active and engagedlistening skills (e.g., body efine/Reviewhow pharmacy technicianscommunicate clearly andeffectively, both verbally and inwriting (e.g., how to pronouncetechnical terms accurately).LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Simulate common spokencommunications withpatients/customers, role-playingtypical interpersonal situations withdistracting elements in theenvironment.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Simulate common spoken andwritten communications.Instructor correctly and incorrectlypronounces terms. Have studentsidentify when terms are correctlypronounced. If incorrect, ask themto say them correctly.Have students give common verbaland written communications. Haveother students and/or instructorgive feedback about if they clearlyunderstood them and/or how theycould be improved.ENTRY-LEVELLEARNING MODALITIES10ExperientialExample:Observe students to ensure they areengaged and listening. Givefeedback to students on how welltheir listening skills come across topatients and team members.ExperientialExamples:Give feedback if verbalcommunications are unclear andhow they can be improved.Review selected writtencommunications with students andprovide constructive feedback.

KEY ELEMENT1.5 Demonstrate arespectful andprofessionalattitude wheninteracting withdiverse patientpopulations,colleagues, andprofessionals.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.6 Apply selfmanagement skills,including time,stress, and plain/Define/Review:how pharmacy techniciansdemonstrate a respectful andprofessional attitude wheninteracting with diverse patientpopulations, colleagues, andprofessionals, including thefollowing topics:o respectful vs. disrespectfulactionso special communication strategieso cultural competenceSimulated (Lab)Examples:Group discussion about possiblechallenges with diverse populationsand how to respond.Discuss relevant situations and howcommunication could be adapted tobe effective.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated e/Review: Ask students to perform tasks in amanagement skills, including time,predetermined amount of time.stress, and change managementrelated to the pharmacy technicianGive a fictional but typical list ofrole and topics, including:tasks to be completed in a specifiedamount of time and ask students too STAT vs. PRNprioritize and schedule the list.o prioritizing taskso sources of stressDiscuss how well the priorities wereo ways to manage stressselected and how realistic theo principles of changeschedule is.managementDidacticInvite a panel of experiencedpharmacy technicians to come anddiscuss sources of stress on theirjob, how they deal with it andanswer questions from students.ENTRY-LEVELLEARNING MODALITIES11ExperientialExamples:Demonstrate a respectful attitudewhen interacting with diversepatient populations at theexperiential site.Give feedback to students abouthow well they communicate respectand care, verbally and non-verbally,to patients.ExperientialExamples:Ask students to discuss issues ofscheduling and prioritizing asneeded.Have students describe stressfulsituations they encounter at theexperiential site, how they dealtwith them and discuss otherstrategies that could also beapplied.Apply change management skills asneeded at the experiential site.

KEY ELEMENT1.7 Applyinterpersonal skills,includingnegotiation skills,conflict resolution,customer service,and fine/Review:interpersonal skills related to thepharmacy technician role andtopics, including effective skills inthe following areas:o communicationo teamworko conflict resolutiono negotiationo customer serviceHave a class discussion about thecharacteristics of effective workingrelationships. Have students giveexamples of working relationshipsthat have worked well or not andwhat made them that way.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.8 DemonstrateDidacticproblem solvingskills.Simulated (Lab)ExperientialExamples:Role-play typical interpersonalsituations that may be challenging,such as an uncooperative ordisrespectful member of the healthcare team that the technician mustinteract with in a professionalmanner.Examples:Ask students to describe somechallenging situations requiringeffective interpersonal skills andthat they encountered at theexperiential site. Discuss how theyhandled them and other strategiesthat might have been used.Give students scenarios describingtypes of interactions that occur inthe work of the pharmacytechnician. Ask them whatinterpersonal skills are required tohandle them effectively and whatthey would do in those situations.Handle conflicts effectively at theexperiential site.Describe sample conflict situationsand ask students to discuss howthey would handle them to resolvethe conflict.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Simulate/Role-play typical situationsin the pharmacy, where thepharmacy is short on staff and havestudents problem solve foroperational solutions.ExperientialExamples:Have students working with otherpharmacy technicians in the areawho don’t know the skillsappropriately, and how the studentreacts/handles the situation.Observe students to ensure they areresponding appropriately.ADVANCED-LEVELKEY ELEMENTDidacticLEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)12Experiential

1.9 Demonstratecapability tomanage orsupervise pharmacytechnicians inmatters such asconflict eviewmaterial regarding common tasksand situations where pharmacytechnicians may encounter conflictsand/or customer service issues;where teamwork, communicationskills, and conflict resolutions skillswill be necessary to overcome anissue(s) and/or resolve a conflict(s).teamwork, andExample:Simulate/Role-play typical situationswhere a team must become moreefficient and fill at a faster rate.Have students lead change in howthe pharmacy could be set up. Usethis as an opportunity to resolvedifferences of opinion on howthings should be set up. Teachleadership from both the “leader”side and “good team player” side.customer service.Simulate/Role-play typical situationswhere a staff member is notperforming their assigned task andhave the students indicate how theywould handle the situation.ADVANCED-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.10 Apply criticalLEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Present a simulated problemrequiring the student to applycritical thinking skills to solve.thinking skills,creativity, andinnovation.ADVANCED-LEVELKEY ne/Reviewmaterial regarding common tasksand situations pharmacy techniciansencounter in the pharmacy thatrequire critical thinking skills,problem solving, creativity andinnovation to solve and/orcomplete.DidacticPresent a simulated problem andask students to use creativity andinnovative thinking to solve theproblem.Example:Have students work with pharmacytechnician supervisor to observeand learn techniques used forconflict resolution, customerservice, resolving issues, etc.ExperientialExamples:Ask students to discuss how criticalthinking skills were applied toproblems encountered at theexperiential site.Ask students to discuss howcreativity and innovation were, orcould be, applied to problemsencountered at the experientialSimulate/Role-play typical situations site.where a customer is at the counterwith patient when order is notfilled/ready.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)13Experiential

1.11 Applysupervisory skillsrelated to humanresource ewinformation regarding HumanResource management and policiesat the organization.and procedures.ADVANCED-LEVELKEY ELEMENT1.12 DemonstrateDidacticthe ability toeffectively andprofessionallycommunicate withother healthcareExample:Simulate/Role-play typical situationswhere a staff member is late orneeds to be reprimanded and needsto counsel a staff member that theysupervise.Examples:Student work with supervisor tolearn site specific policies andprocedures for human resourcesrelated issues.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated lay typical situations Have students work with nurses andwhere students interact with othercustomers at the experiential site.healthcare staff (e.g., nurses).Observe students to ensure they areresponding appropriately to otherhealthcare professionals. Explainappropriate interactions if needed.professionals,payors and otherindividualsnecessary to servethe needs ofpatients andpractice.STANDARD 2: Foundational Professional Knowledge and SkillsENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENTDidacticLEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)14Experiential

2.1 Explain theimportance ofmaintainingcompetencythrough continuingeducation Y ELEMENT2.2 Demonstrateability to maintainconfidentiality ofpatient information,and viewcontinuing education andcontinuing professionaldevelopment to maintain and buildcompetencies related to thepharmacy technician role andtopics, including:o resources for staying currento local/regional meetings andeventso online opportunities /Define/Reviewmaterial regarding legal and ethicalguidelines for safeguarding theconfidentiality of patientinformation.Examples:Ask students to discuss ways theyplan to continue their learning aftercompleting the pharmacy techniciantraining program.Ask students to share any past orcurrent experiences with anyactivities discussed in the contentcovered.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Example:Simulate common patientconfidentiality situations.Examples:Share with students activities thatdemonstrate commitment toexcellence in the pharmacyprofession, continuing education,and training. Ask students to discusswhich seem most appropriate forthem and which they are mostinterested in pursuing.ExperientialExample:Observe legal and ethical guidelinesfor safeguarding the confidentialityof patient information at theexperiential site.applicable state andfederal laws.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT2.3 Describe thepharmacytechnician’s role,pharmacist’s role,and /ReviewThe pharmacy technician’s role,pharmacist’s role, and otheroccupations in the healthcareenvironment/delivery system,including non-traditional roles ofLEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)15Experiential

occupations in thepharmacy technicians.healthcareenvironment.ENTRY-LEVELKEY ELEMENT2.4 Describewellness promotionand diseasepreventionconcepts.LEARNING MODALITIESSimulated (Lab)Examples:Have students help others fill outforms necessary for n/Define/Reviewwellness promotion practices anddisease prevention concepts, suchHave students demonstrate use ofas use of health screenings; healthpractices

Always have students act in accordance with relevant state laws and regulations at the experiential site, with oversight of the Preceptor . teamwork, and customer service. 1.10: Apply critical thinking skills, creativity, and innovation. . 3.17: Assist pharmacists in preparing medications requiring compounding of non-sterile products.