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FIDE ARBITERS’ COMMISSIONARBITERS’ MANUAL2022

INTRODUCTIONDear fellow arbiters, dear friends,This manual is yours!Since the first edition published in 2013, the Arbiters' Manual has been a reference forthousands of chess arbiters worldwide. It has been evolving over time, addingregulations, sharing examples or comments, removing obsolete parts.Year after year, it has been aggregating the experience of colleagues passionatelyinvesting their energy in making the manual better! More than a teamwork, our manualis a concrete illustration of the FIDE motto: Gens Una Sumus – we are one family. Onefamily with other commissions who produce regulations that we have to apply intournaments; and especially with arbiters sharing various views or feedback. Thank youall for your contribution in helping our sector to grow!This new edition includes some important changes in regulations. Please get familiarwith them:Chapter 10 is now called FIDE Regulations for arbiters, with new regulationson titles, training, classification and selection of arbiters in FIDE World Events.Chapters 6 and 7 reflect the recent changes in the regulations for ratings andtitles. They are critical for our colleagues delivering player norms.Our team also took some time to review some comments and the sample exam questionsto adapt them to the recent changes, so that you don’t experience discrepancies betweenthe official text and the concrete examples presented.For all these reasons, the FIDE Arbiters' Commission is proud to release the Arbiter'sManual 2022!Wishing you good reads and even better tournaments!Laurent FREYDChairmanFIDE Arbiters’ Commission

Revisions listVersion NumberDate0301 July 2019ChangesSome minor grammatical correctionsGeneralRulesandTechnicalRecommendations for TournamentsNew General Regulations for CompetitionsAddition: Regulations for the classification ofthe Chess Arbiters04April 2020Some minor grammatical correctionsReorder chaptersRevise some of interpretationsFIDE Rapid and Blitz Rating RegulationsNew Standards of Chess Equipment, Venue,for FIDE Tournaments, Rate of Play and Tiebreak RegulationsNew General Rules and TechnicalRecommendations for Tournaments05March 2021Addition: FIDE Online Regulations (Chapter 13)Notes by Professor Ken Regan on theapplication of Statistical EvidenceSample Exam Questions for FIDE Arbiters(Chapter 14)New commentsinterpretations.06February 2022andupdatepreviousGeneral update of comments & examplesSchiller System in Type of Tournaments(Chapter 4)Updates: FIDE Rating Regulations (Chapter 6)FIDE Rapid and Blitz Rating Regulations(Chapter 6)FIDE Title Regulations (Chapter 7)FIDE Regulations for Arbiters (Chapter 10)Application Forms (Appendixes)

ContentsContents . viiCHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF THE ARBITERS AND THEIR DUTIES . 1Summary of the general duties of an Arbiter .2CHAPTER 2: THE FIDE LAWS OF CHESS (E01) . 5A Brief History of the Laws of Chess .5INTRODUCTION .7PREFACE .7BASIC RULES OF PLAY .8Article 1: The nature and objectives of the game of chess .8Article 2: The initial position of the pieces on the chessboard .9Article 3: The moves of the pieces .11Article 4: The act of moving the pieces .16Article 5: The completion of the game .19COMPETITION RULES .20Article 6: The Chessclock .20Article 7: Irregularities .26Article 8: The recording of the moves.29Article 9: The drawn game .31Article 10: Points .34Article 11: The conduct of the players .35Article 12: The role of the Arbiter (see Preface) .38APPENDICES .40Appendix A. Rapid chess .40Appendix B. Blitz .42Appendix C. Algebraic notation .43Appendix D. Rules for play with blind and visually disabled players .46Guidelines .49Guidelines I. Adjourned games .49Guidelines II. Chess960 Rules .51Guidelines III. Games without increment including Quickplay Finishes .53Glossary of terms in the Laws of Chess .55CHAPTER 3: ANTI-CHEATING GUIDELINE FOR ARBITERS . 60Recommendations for Arbiters .601.How breaches of AC regulations may occur during the game: .61vii

2.Applicable precautions: .613.Screening games for precaution and information: .624.How to deal with suspicious behavior:.625.How to deal with the new Article 11. 3. 3 of the Laws of Chess: .636.How to deal with accusations: .64Notes by Professor Ken Regan on the application of Statistical Evidence.65I. Purposes of Statistical Results .65II. Statistical Tests .65III. Types of Arbiter Actions .66IV. Instructions for Using Statistical Evidence .66V. Process Apart From Observational Evidence .67VI. Instructions for Considering Complaints .67VII. Instructions for Evaluating Complaints .68VIII. On-Site Judgments and Further Steps .69CHAPTER 4: TYPES OF TOURNAMENTS . 701. Round Robin System .702. Swiss Systems .713. Scheveningen System .735. Schiller System .756. Skalitzka System .767. Other systems .777.1 Matches .777.2 Knock‐out .77CHAPTER 5: FIDE SWISS RULES (C04). 78Basic rules for Swiss Systems (C04.1) .78General handling rules for Swiss Tournaments (C.04.2) .79A.Pairing Systems .79B.Initial Order .80C.Late Entries .81D.Pairing, colour and publishing rules .82FIDE (Dutch) System (C04.3) .83A.Introductory Remarks and Definitions.83BPairing Process for a bracket .86CPairing Criteria .89DRules for the sequential generation of the pairings .91viii

EColour Allocation rules .92FIDE-approved Accelerated Systems (C04.5) .93Baku Acceleration .94CHAPTER 6: FIDE RATINGS REGULATIONS (B02) . 95FIDE Rating Regulations (B02) .950.Introduction .951.Rate of Play .952.Laws to be Followed .963.Hours of Play .964.Reporting Frequency .965.Unplayed Games .966.Matches .967.Official FIDE Rating List .968.The working of the FIDE Rating System .979.Reporting Procedures .9910.Inclusion in the Rating list .100FIDE Rapid and Blitz Rating Regulations (B02) .1010.Introduction .1011.Rate of Play .1012.Laws to be Followed .1023.Number of Rounds per Day .1024.Unplayed Games .1025.Matches .1026.Official FIDE Rapid and Blitz Rating Lists .1027.The working of the FIDE Rating System .1038.Reporting Procedures .1059.Inclusion in the Rating list .106CHAPTER 7: FIDE TITLE REGULATIONS (B01). 1070.Introduction .1071.0Requirements for titles designated in 0.3 .1082.Application Forms for titles are annexed hereto .1183.List of Application Forms .118Annex .118CHAPTER 8: STANDARDS OF CHESS EQUIPMENT, VENUE FOR FIDE TOURNAMENTS, RATE OFPLAY AND TIE-BREAK REGULATIONS (C02) . 127ix

1.Chess Equipment .1272.Chess Pieces .1273.Chess boards .1294.Chess tables .1305.Chess clocks .1307.Testing Clocks and equipment .1348.Tournament halls for the FIDE World Championships and Olympiads .1349.Broadcasting .13710.Requirements on treatment of disabled chess players .13711.Requirements on treatment of school tournaments .14012.Rate of play - time controls .14413.Tie-Break Regulations .14513.17.Details of Berger table .15213.18 Details of Varma Tables .156CHAPTER 9: GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR COMPETITIONS (C05) . 157Preface.1571.Scope .1572.The Chief Organiser (CO) .1573.The Chief Arbiter (CA) .1584.Preparation of the Playing Hall and Chess Equipment .1595.Pairings .1596.Drawing of lots and withdrawals.1607.Team competitions & Team Captain’s Role .1618.Tie-breaks and unplayed games .1639.Conduct of the Players .16310.Appeals procedure .16311.Media .16412.Invitation, Registration and Functions for L1 tournaments .16413.Appointments of CA for L1 tournaments.166CHAPTER 10: FIDE REGULATIONS FOR ARBITERS (B06) . 167B06.1 – FIDE Regulations for the Titles of Arbiters .1671.General provisions .1672.Arbiter Norms .1673.Requirements for the title of FIDE Arbiter .1694.Requirements for the title of International Arbiter .170x

5.Application Procedure .1726.Financial and regulatory regulations .173B06.2 – FIDE Regulations for the Training of chess arbiters .1741.General .1742.FIDE Lecturers Accreditation .1743.FIDE Lecturer Training Programme .1764.Training of Arbiters .1775.Seminars .182B06.3 – FIDE Regulations for the Classification of Arbiters .1871.General .1872.Active and Inactive IAs and FAs .1893.Category A .1904.Category B .1915.Category C .1916.Category D .1917.Application Procedure for the classification of IA and FA .1918.Appointment of IAs and FAs according to their Categories .192B06.4 – FIDE Regulations for the Appointment of Arbiters in World Events .1931.General .1932.Scope .1933.Panels for the selection of Arbiters .1944.Limitations on Appointments .1955.Removal from a Panel .1966.Appointment of Arbiters to Tournaments Under the Aegis of DIS and EVE .1967.Appointment of Arbiters to Tournaments Under the Aegis of GSC .196CHAPTER 11: FIDE ONLINE CHESS REGULATIONS . 198Introduction .198Part I: Basic Rules of Play .198Article 1: Application of the FIDE Laws of Chess .198Part II: Online Chess Rules .199Article 2: Playing Zone .199Article 3: Moving the Pieces on the Virtual Chessboard .200Article 4: Virtual Chessclock .201Article 5: Completing the Game .201Part III: Regulations for Online Competitions .202xi

Article 6: Competition Types .202Article 7: Scoring System.202Part III a: Regulations for Online Competitions with Supervision .203Article 8: General Provisions .203Article 9: Players’ Conduct .203Article 10: The Arbiter’s Role.205Article 11: Disconnections .206Article 12: Playing Device .207Article 13: Video Conferencing System .207Article 14: Cameras and Microphones .208Article 15: Irregularities .209Part III b: Regulations for Hybrid Chess Competitions .210Article 16: General Provisions .210Article 17: Players’ Conduct .211Article 18: The Arbiter’s Role.212Article 19: Irregularities .213Article 20: Use of Traditional Chess Sets at Hybrid Competitions .214APPENDIX I. FIDE Fair Play Rules for Online Competitions with Supervision.215A. General Provisions.215B. Online Cheating Offences.216C. Burdens and Standards of Proof .217D. False Accusation .217E. Sanctions .217F. Jurisdiction .218G. Complaints and Investigations .218H. Investigation Procedure .219I. Procedural Rules .219J. Condition of Entry in an Online Sports Event .220APPENDIX II. Rules for Significantly/Totally Blind and Unable to Move Disabled ChessPlayers for Online Competitions with Supervision .221Appendix III. Regulations for Significantly/Totally Blind and Unable to Move Chess Playersfor Hybrid Competitions .222Glossary of Terms in the FIDE Online Chess Regulations .223CHAPTER 12: SAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONS FOR FIDE ARBITERS . 225Laws .226xii

Rating & Titles .230Swiss Pairing .231Competition Rules .233Systems and Tie Breaks .233Anti-Cheating .234Arbiter Titles .234Answers.235APPENDIXES . 239Example of a rating calculation .239Guideline for checking if a players’ result is a valid title norm:.240Some examples of title norms calculations: .242Awarding of money prizes .244Manual checking of computer pairings .246Example of a “Time Control Sheet”: .247Application Forms: .249IA1 – International Arbiter Norm Report Form .249IA2 – Application form for the award of the title of International Arbiter .250FA1 – FIDE Arbiter Norm Report Form.251FA2 – Application

investing their energy in making the manual better! More than a teamwork, our manual is a concrete illustration of the FIDE motto: Gens Una Sumus - we are one family. One family with other commissions who produce regulations that we have to apply in tournaments; and especially with arbiters sharing various views or feedback. Thank you