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18Unit 4Accidentals:Sharp, Flat, and NaturalAccidental is the name for any sharp, nat, or natural that appears in music. When an acci dental appears in music, it lasts for an entire measure. The bar line at the end of a measurecancels the accidentaLSharp Sign#A sharp sign means to play the very next key higher.1. Draw a sharp sign before each note. Name each note."n.,.,.'-'I'-" r I.)I.)"tV"VI '-"Flat Sign A flat sign means to play the very next key lower.2. Draw a flat sign before each note. Name each note.oo()oooNatural Sign A natural sign cancels any sharp or flat.3. Draw a natural sign before the second note in each measure. Name each note.I rJ 0II[J . 11.JJ.J. "tV r:.-.11 L1.:rt Enharmonic NotesNotes that sound the same but are written differently are called enharmonic notes. ""4. Draw the enharmonic note for each given note. Name each note. , 1II 1JtVGP661Ih 1/- L1J.J.O11.",.- L"'. -I'r f1'7

19Unit 5Half Steps and Whole StepsHalf StepA half step is the distance from one key the very next key with no key between.1. Draw the note a half step above each given note. Use quarter notes. Name each note.-Lli , "" ".I--I lJ.,I11v 2. Draw the note a half step below each given note. Use half notes. Name each note.,"".- I·- / L.L-H"I"\c.,lJ.O.,.1"\.;r 11IrJ r:.,IIWhole StepA whole step is the distance from one key to the next key with one key between.3. Draw the note a whole step above each given note. Use whole notes. Name each note.4. Draw the note a whole step below each given note. Use half notes. Name each note. .- I·/Qr:.,Ih-'lv r- I"\.,.-H"I"\ f IrJ riteH for half step and W for whole step.r-

20Unit 65-Finger Patterns and TriadsMajor 5-Finger PatternsMajor 5-finger patterns have five notes formed in a pattern of whole steps and half steps.The half step is between the 3rd and 4th notes of the 5-finger pattern.W whole stepH half stepC Major 5-Finger Pattern()oww0HI ()WD Major 5-Finger Pattern()o0WWHWA 5-finger pattern may begin on any note. The lowest note names the 5-finger pattern.1. Draw the notes of these Major 5-finger patterns. Use whole notes.C MajorG MajorD MajorA MajorE MajorBMajorI!J IiIJ "-I.JJ.JF# MajorC# Major- .iiIi

21-/.Gb MajorDb MajorAb MajorEb MajorBb Majorf1F MajorI I' "'-' J.J2. Name these Major 5-finger patternsRemember that the lowest note names the 5-finger pattern.ctr rGP661

22Major TriadsA triad is a three note chord.The 1st, 3rd, and 5th notes of a Major 5-finger pattern form a Major triad.The notes in a triad are called the Root, the 3rd, and the 5th.CMajor315-Finger PatternG Major153Triad5-Finger Pattern3. Draw each Major 5-finger pattern.Draw each Major triad.-.CMajorG MajorD MajorA Major-GP661.B MajorEMajorF# Major5IC# MajorTriad

23G MajorA Majorf1D MajorE MajorI ,, ".J",J-/.B Major-.F Major4. Name each triad.#11Broken TriadBlocked TriadTriads may be broken or blocked.The root, 3rd, and 5th of a broken triad may appear in any order.5. Name these broken triads.GP661

24Tonic (I) and Dominant (V)The first note of a 5-finger pattern is called tonic.The fifth note of a 5-finger pattern is called dominant.Roman numerals are used as symbols for tonic and dominant.V DominantI TonicC Major 5-Finger pattern I: ? : . oE ( ) o · 1 :: t: GvI6. Turn back to pages 20 and 21 and label the tonic and dominant notesof each 5-finger pattern with I and V.7. Name the tonic (I) and dominant (V) notes for these 5-finger patterns:C MajorG MajorD MajorA MajorEMajorB MajorIIIIIIVVVVVVF# Major IVEnhannonic to:Did you notice that the dominant (V) of each5-finger pattern became the tonic (I) of the next?Did you notice that you began and ended with C?Qb Major IVDb MajorAb MajorEb MajorBb MajorF MajorVC MajorF MajorIGP661vVVVG MajorIIIIIIIvv

25The Circle of SthsWhen you move from the tonic (1) to dominant (V) of each 5-finger pattern, you are moving upby the interval of a 5th. The 5ths in order, beginning and ending on Care:CG-D-A-EB -1F#Gb1- DbEb-BbAbF -C(enharmonic notes) C /FGBb!\ DCircleof5thsEb\A)Ab EB/o ----------At the Piano 8. Start at the lowest C on the piano and play tonic (1) to dominant (V) 5ths going up.You will end on the highest C on the piano!9. Play each 5-finger pattern around the Circle of 5ths.5-Finger Patterns Around the Circle of 5thsF# G# A# B C#B C# D# E F#E F# G# A BA B C# D ED E F# G AGABCDF G A Bb CCDEF GBb C D Eb FEb F G Ab BbAb Bb C Db EbDb Eb F Gb AbGb Ab Bb cb DbGP661

26Minor 5-Finger PatternsTo change a Major 5-finger pattern into a minor 5-finger pattern,lower the third note one half step.C minor 5-Finger PatternC Major 5-Finger PatternIf the third is a natural note, it will become a flat note.If the third is a sharp note, it will become a natural note.10. Draw these Major and minor 5-finger patterns.CMajorC minorG MajorG minor- ,.D minorDMajorA Major1- GP661.A minor-

27E minorE Major.F minorF Major-iIII'Bb minorBb Major11. The notes of a 5-finger pattern may appear in any order.Arrange the notes of each phrase into a 5-finger pattern.Name the 5-finger pattern you have drawn. The first one is done for you. .G minor . -/I' .-./ . GP661

28Minor TriadsTo change a Major triad into a minor triad, lower the 3rd one half step.If the 3rd is a natural note, it will become a flat note.If the 3rd is a sharp note, it will become a natural note.CMajorEMajorC minorEminornReminder: The bar line cancels any accidental in the measure before.It is not necessary to draw the natural sign.12. Draw these Major and minor triads.C Major.DMajor-C minorDminor.F# minor .- A MajorG minorF MajorA minor'-'-------'-------'Ab MajorB Major.EMajor-Db minorF# MajorG MajorAb minorF minorE minorEb minorB minor.Bb Major-Bb minor

2913. Name these Major and minor triads. M Major,m minorIUl'eM'UGmII14. Triads may be blocked (as in the examples above) or broken.The root, 3rd, and 5th of a broken triad may appear in any order.Name these broken triads.n()n()oo oonn()GP661

I\tajor Maze15. Follow the Major triads and 5-finger patterns through the maze. Start at Da Capo("from the beginning") and finish at al fine ("to the end"). Be sure to watch the clef signs.Da Capo\I':()#0 () I I alfineP1

31Unit 7Tetrachords and Major ScalesA tetrachord is a group of four notes formed in a pattern of whole steps and half steps. *The pattern for a Major tetrachord is whole step - whole step - half step (W - W - H).C Major TetrachordoWG Major Tetrachord0w()o()wwH()0HMajor scales can be formed by joining two tetrachords. The 1st tetrachord is called the tonic tetrachord. The 2nd tetrachord is called the dominant tetrachord. The two tetrachords are joined by a whole step.C Major ScaleITonic TetrachordwowwHwno()o()0Dominant TetrachordwHDrawing Major Tetrachords and Scales1. Draw each Major tetrachord. Then, draw the Major scale by joining the tetrachords.(The first note of each tetrachord and scale is drawn for you.).C Major Tetrachord .-./Ii{]I-.G Major TetrachordjJJIC Major Scale* The first four notes of a Major 5-finger pattern form a Major tetrachord.GP661

32D Major TetrachordG Major Tetrachord17Jo0G Major ScaleoD Major Tetrachord,fI r"'-' JutJA Major Tetrachord, D Major Scale,"" , "tJv0F Major Tetrachord""IIII , , ".vF Major Scale, '-"0'-' J 0rC Major Tetrachord "J{ B 17JF Major TetrachordMajor TetrachordoboB Major Scale GP661

332. Add the correct sharps or flats to form each Major scale.Circle the half steps in each scale.G Major "II '" -."ltVWI.-,.,.-- ffI-"I w '" .,ltV,"'Lf- .-II .,.I ., - I.-I-J I- - -- --., I w."'"'"tVI-., . 1"--f' -f'----- - -.,- ., - - - .IJ I- - I.-II-- I!-I1" - r .-II.,-I--I I- II.-I-.-I-- .-I---.,- II--IJ IIIJ I I. I-IIIII-J I.-I"- II,"". I- I tt -F Major/ J D Major/-I- I.,.-II-.,- Bb Major w."'""tV .-.,.-,;.-- --.-I.,-.Ir II- -- --J --IJ I II -.-I--.-IR-,;- - - - IJ .-IIIGP661

34Unit 8Key SignaturesThe key signature is the sharps or flats at the beginning of each staff. It tells you: notes to be sharp or flat in a piece, and the tonic note, or key, of the piece.Major Key SignaturesCMajorGMajorNo sharps or flatsOne sharpD MajorTwo sharps '\ oM /I " ""tJI :""I-'.I-'tJI JJ I " a, , II Ii.,;0. firB FMajorI . "t .;F,""I-'One flatvIhIh) ,-,.I, F,""VTwo flatsIrJhI-'"tJ." ,avMajor, vIIh1. Name these Major key signatures.", '"FI-'Iv,F,I I.;(I.,. "F'I-'IIIJ(II. """oM .I ,-,.-,. ., firihV.","oM .F,F,II'GP661IIIhvII'"IIJI.; I . "" I ", .,.I , ., IIhv

352. Draw each Major key signature three times.,,.,.GMajorI ,"r\.' Ji ",. . rJ4Vi -"4V '"'",.D MajoriI , " ."'-' l/i@. ",.-fi, ,.t.::. . ,-f r" J@.,-".f T , I,-,.l/r .J., ",.I , ,\.: J.J.'" ,.-"'-' u@. .1- ifI,.flfl.,.flBb MajorI"'-' J@.IF Major r I @.Jf,.,J,.I , tV""\.: U.'" .-GP661

36Minor Key SignaturesEach Major key signature has a relative minor key signature with the same sharps or flats.E minorOne sharp(Relative to G Major)A minorNo sharps or flats(Relative to C Major) / /B minorTwo sharps(Relative to D Major) ,j,j.ofI"r, I f "',. I"'"ofI"fD minorOne flat(Relative to F Major)GminorTwo flats(Relative to Bb Major) "vr h"It)I"',.I . / .I :,. ./V'\Iflh""It),."", ofI"f/" "v "'" u."tJr,"vt.JIfl h"3. Name these minor key signatures. """ItJr,'\I "',. "'"I '" ,. ,cI I ". II,.r.""It)v -'.," " "'""tJhJ ofI"-'hV-'U.'\ / ,j,j.I r, "t)I",'-.' V r "v"t)Ihv I , . -'GP661oM'ofI".,I"".I fIJhv

374. Draw each minor key signature three times.E minor,;""f'lT".J.J,".J"t:. , .",,"",. . .fl I,;, .J-.7'I ".I."-J-.7'B minor,,;""I J ,. -.7',."T LJ"'-.: lJtJ@).J .I"''' . .,--T 7'D minorII, PI\J".J .""".7', fl,. . v.;. .-7'flT,.'-.: U "4V-. .7'"G minor ", "LJ.J . 'l,f'lfI,. "tV'-' J.""-,-.7'f'l7,. lJ ".J ,.i I GP661

385. Play each example and detennine if it is Major or minor.Name each key signature.Keyof 411:' .,"- - -"v u,."- v1. tV'" " u,.vf::. II;.:.,.-J",.-.iI 5Keyof- --1 J, " 0,." v ltVII --r-" . -- -. - . -,. :--.--.r6. t -II ,,,,.4IiJ,. U./ .-II:;;.;- 4 ----Keyof ,j.j.:I',II'","'''''.5,.-"---- . .-I, "- V. ."'""' . .,.,f,.--.-,.--.,.-1--.-I-.,.I 2- - ,tV(I"' . 'i'I' fW,./ ---: r-II 3GP661-,.---. -' . .:. . "'-'I fWI-.:.",. Keyoff'I,j.j.-. -.-I-"""I-. --'If':J':J';I-

39Key of '\oW-,. , ""'"tV" I I . .loP ,.,,.--- oW '":It7"2-I- --.,I i' -1.-1 . -R --n3Key of3Key 0 f1" I. .---, " , vh\. IJ ----.Clrt." v 7,."'.-::;: I""--- --- - 1.-.---- u.- W"-".l"!II5Keyof5GP661

40Unit 9Primary Triads:I, IV, and VTriads built on the first, fourth, and fifth notes of a scale are called primary triads.Primary triads are labeled with Roman numerals: I(one), IV(four), and V(five).In a Major key, the primary triads are Major triads.Triads in CIVIV1. Draw the Major scale.Draw the primary triads on the first, fourth, and fifth notes of the scale.Label the triads with Roman numerals (1, IV, V).CMajorf1I I, !I\/" -e .G Major-ii!D MajorflIJ! ,'""11 !U.IF Major -!IuGP661I

41Bb Majorfl!I !I," "Jon2. Draw the primary triads for each key in treble and bass staff.Example: C MajorG Majorftfl Ir tV"'-'11i,-."" . "tV,-. I'-' Jt)-'"- ,./ I - !- I-.,. ./i'IIVVIIVVIIVVIIVVFMajorDMajorf1 I I" '-'\J---./ .I'IIVVBb MajorCMajorIIVVGP661

42Unit 10Triads and InversionsA triad is in root position when the root of the triad is the lowest note. A triad in root position may appear two ways on the staff:line -----O -- 5thline03rd or:line0Rootspacespacespace--I7""l.---5th3rdRootAn inversion is created when the notes of a root position triad are rearranged. A triad is in 1st inversion when the 3rd of the triad is the lowest note. A triad is in 2nd inversion when the 5th of the triad is the lowest note.root1st . h3rdECG3rdroot5th1. Draw the notes of these triads in root position, 1st inversion, and 2nd inversion.CMajorRoot position1st inversion2nd inversionflII'-' /G Major1 -.i-I 1/1'.F Major -GP661IiiJ

I43Root position1st inversion2nd inversionD MajorflI ilir "1"11 A Major-, /E MajorI,"" i Ir I"VDb MajorfJ Ii' "I"V Ab Major.- . -i/Eb Major,TTl"vI" " I GP661

44Unit 11Accompanying a Melody withTonic (I) and Dominant (V)Melodies which use the notes of a 5-finger pattern may be accompanied by the tonic (I) anddominant (V) notes of the same 5-finger pattern.Tonic (I) accompanies measures that mostly use triad notes (the 1st, 3rd, and 5th notes ofthe 5-finger pattern).Dominant (V) accompanies measures that mostly use non-triad notes (the 2nd and 4th notesof a 5-finger pattern).This melody uses the notes of the C Major 5-finger pattern.The tonic note is C. The dominant note is G.The triad notes are C, E, G. The non-triad notes are D and F.",I " """ iJ:::E tJ,Ii. ". "':::E 135.--. .".-ITriad Notes.-I42- Non-Triad Notes.,r;;,- . -. -.-(') ,III vvIIWrite an accompaniment for the following melodies using tonic (I) and dominant (V).1. Complete the sentences above each melody.2. Label measures that mostly use triad notes with 1Draw the tonic note in the bass clef. Use whole notes.3. Label measures that mostly use non-triad notes with V.Draw the dominant note in the bass clef. Use whole notes.This melody uses the notes of the5-finger pattern.The tonic note is. The dominant note isThe triad notes are. The non-triad notes areand / I.J I: '"v . I: @) 1.-.· .- -- - - . .,., . JfGP661JI:. t . I - - . -6

I45This melody uses the notes of the 5-finger pattern.The tonic note is. The dominant note isThe triad notes are . The non-triad notes are and 10M"- fi \.' JtV. r . : . : . r.-. . . : . - - ."'"- oM"'"This melody uses the notes of the 5-finger pattern.The tonic note is. The dominant note isThe triad notes are . The non-triad notes are and I h';; !,\Vfiv\.: ttJ - - . -- - \.(';"J "",.- I'"hvThis melody uses the notes of the 5-finger pattern.The tonic note is. The dominant note isThe triad notes are . The non-triad notes are andf\I f!'\\.:v@) . .-. tt!.'": I:I"' · t".,. t!.','"IIr--.f.I. . - -- -:,; I:GP661

46Unit 12TransposingTranspose means to play in a different key than written.To transpose music, play the same pattern of intervals beginning on a different note.This piece is in the key of C Major."1,., " ,. ".J'"%'"%.,. ,.,.I. '"%/ -l. -'WI'nr;,;-t 5IIr;,;"::II:. - -(I';}51. Now transpose the piece to the key ofF Major. . III'IJIh. . I:'" vVJLI:@) ",.-J I./ vGP661. I:J&. I: 1"\t I.I -.-9,':JIIHere is the same piece transposed to the key of G Major.1::;;r

,2gSU! ,3442X 47Are Yon Sleeping?Here is "Are You Sleeping?" in the key of C Major. r1.,. "::E",."::E"l.vI--I 542- - , .-I,r.-II" "l.v1I."I '" ".-I,-.lII. -- - -. .-I - - --I1I2 1.;.- "'"Iu31 t.,---I'"'"t.Ju -,.,I-"":::II: F .l- I .,.'" ". ,.".30----':JI';J I'"'"---I'"'IU2. Transpose "Are You Sleeping?" to the key of D Major.fl/I ti'l'iJ.JJ. r ,"-IIjI .,/I-jI .I-@.J ! I"".""J' - !'l.l.L lI/ll.JIL IIflII I!, "VIf !' l.l.1l.11I i""."" 1l. '"' 11I.,""I"'J11GP661

48Unit 13Signs and TermsDynamicsDynamic signs tell how loud or soft to play.SIGNMEANINGplamssImoppvery softplanopsoftmezzo planompmedium softmezzo fortemfmedium loudfortefloudfortissimoffvery loudI TERMcrescendo (cresc.)gradually louderdiminuendo (dim.)gradually softerArticulationArticulation signs tell how to touch and release the keys.I TERMaccentlegato GP661SIGN MEANINGstrong emphasissmooth, connectedstaccato short, detachedtenuto-hold full value; slight emphasisr

I49TenlpoTempo marks tell how fast or slow to play.TERMMEANINGallegrofast (also means cheerful, happy)allegrettosomewhat fast (slower than allegro)andantewalking tempo (flowing)andantinoslightly faster than andantecon motowith motionlentoslowmoderatomoderatelyritardando (rit.)gradually slowerVIvacelively, quickVIVOlivelyChanging Tempoa temporeturn to the original temporitardando (rit.)gradually slowerCharacter or StyleThese words help establish feeling, mood, or performance style.I TERM'"MEANINGcantabile.m a smgmg mannerdolcegently, sweetlyglOcosohumorousscherzandoplayful

50D. C. al FineD. C. al fine means to play from the beginning to the fine (end).D. C. is the abbreviation for Da capo, which means from the head.In music, D. C. means to play again from the beginning. Fine means end.Fermata Sign /":\Fermata means to hold a note longer than its time value.Grace Note)rA grace note is printed in small type. It is not counted in the rhythm; it is played quickly,almost together with the next note.Slur A slur is a curved line over or under two or more notes that are to be played legato.Legato means to play smoothly connected.TieJ IJ .A tie is a curved line that connects notes on the same line or space.Play only the first note and hold it for the value of both notes.Octave Sign 8vaWhen the octave sign is placed over notes, play them one octave (eight notes) higher thanwritten. When the octave sign is placed under notes, play them one octave lower than written.Pedal Sign, - - I- - 'The pedal sign shows when to press and lift the damper (right) pedal.Repeat SignsRepeat from the beginning.1.2.:11.3.GP661III I----:- -I:Repeat between the pairs of dots and double bar lines.Play the first ending and repeat from the beginning; thenskip the first ending and play the second ending.

51Matching and Crossword PuzzleI. Draw a line to match each meaning or sign with its term.Termstiegradually slowerritardandoaccentstrong emphasislegatoa tempofast, cheerfultenutostaccatosmooth, connectedallegrocantabilegradually softerrepetitionpIamSSImoshort, detachedD. C. al Finecrescendoplay from the beginning to the fine.fortissimodiminuendo8va- - mezzo fortemezzo pIanoSslur4:octave signtime signaturevery loudAcross2.6.8.9.11.14.15.16.18.20.2. Write the term for each meaning or sign inthis crossword puzzle.18219Down-l. gradually louder3.J IJ 4. repeat of a

The study of music theory is an integral part of a complete musical education. Piano students who have consistent theory instruction will retain and interpret music more easily and accurately. Fundamentals ofPiano Theory from the Neil A. Kjos Piano Library provides piano student