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TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTAn introduction to the Year of MatthewMatthew among the GospelsIntroduction to the Year of MatthewSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSA Three YearLectionary Cycle Lectionary set of readings One of the great ecumenical achievements Focus on a chosen Gospel each year Avoiding a ‘harmony’ of the gospels Three-year cycle for ‘Synoptics’ Matthew, Mark, Luke Gospel of John features in Lent & Easter This year we spend time with MatthewTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSMatthew outside the LectionaryOne way to approach this is to note the portions of Matthew omittedfrom the lectionary. Items unique to Matthew are shown in red.TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE 8:18–228:23–278:28–349:1–89:15–17The GenealogyJesus’ Fame spreadsThe Lord’s PrayerThe Light of the BodyJudging Others/Speck and LogProfaning what is HolyAsk, Seek, KnockThe Narrow GateThe Test of a Good PersonLeper cleansedCenturion’s Servant healedPeter’s Mother-in-law healedand many others at sunsetWannabe DisciplesJesus calms a Storm at SeaJesus heals Two (!!) GadareneDemoniacsJesus heals a Paralysed ManNew wine old :1-1214:34–3615:1–9Jesus heals Two Blind MenJesus heals a Mute DemoniacJesus moves onJohn Baptist and ElijahGrain and SabbathJesus heals a man with witheredhand on the SabbathThe chosen ServantJesus and BeelzebulTree and FruitDemand for a SignReturn of the Unclean SpiritJesus’ true FamilyWhy parables?Only in parablesJesus rejected at NazarethDeath of John the BaptistHealing the sick in GennesaretTraditions of the EldersSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSMatthew outside the Lectionary15:29–3115:32–3916:1–416:5–12TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE 020:17–19Many People healedFeeding of the Four ThousandDemand for a SignLeaven of the Pharisees andScribesQuestions after TransfigurationHealing of Boy with a DemonSecond Prediction of Death andResurrectionFish and Coin (Temple Tax)Child and KingdomTemptation to sinParable of the Lost SheepAgainst DivorceJesus blesses the ChildrenMan with MoneyThird Prediction of Death andResurrection20:20–28 Request of James and John20:29–34 Jesus heals Two Blind Menat Jericho21:12–17 Jesus and the Temple moneychangers21:18–22 Jesus curses a Fig Tree22:23–33 Questions about the Resurrection23:13–36 Woe to Scribes and Pharisees23:37–39 Lament over Jerusalem24:1–2 Not one Stone24:3–14 Beginning of Woes24:15–28 The Great Tribulation24:29–31 Coming of the Son of Man24:32–35 Lesson of the Fig Tree24:45–51 Faithful and Unfaithful Servants26:6–13 Jesus anointed at Bethany28:11–15 The Guards’ ReportSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSMatthew outside theLectionary Choices are necessary Only 52 Sundays each year What are consequences of all theseTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTomissions during our current year? Has Matthew been domesticated? What strategies can we deploy to deal withthese omissions? 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
Spending a year with MatthewIn order to enter more deeply into thereading of [a] Gospel, one needs to . consider its place among the Gospels, recognize its distinctive structure, sensitize oneself to its dominantTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTChristological emphases, and summarize its leading themes.Culpepper, NIB VII,4SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTMAPPING THE GOSPELSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSHow many Gospels? One? Four? Five? Twenty Two? Thirty? www.earlychristianwritings.comTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTEarly Gospels:Sayings GospelsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Sayings Gospel Q Gospel of Thomas Secret Book (Apocryphon) of James Dialogue of the Savior Gospel of Mary Gospel of Judas Gospel Oxyrhynchus 1224 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
Early Gospels:Narrative GospelsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Gospel of Mark Gospel of Matthew Signs Gospel Gospel of John Gospel of Luke Gospel Oxyrhynchus 840 Gospel of the Nazoreans 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSAll four NT Gospelsfrom this sub-typeSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRALEarly Gospels:Infancy Gospels Infancy Gospel of James Infancy Gospel of ThomasTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRALEarly Gospels:Fragmentary GospelsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Gospel of Peter Gospel of the Savior Mystical Gospel of Mark Egerton Gospel Gospel Oxyrhynchus 840 Gospel Oxyrhynchus 1224 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALEarly Gospels:Jewish-Christian GospelsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Gospel of the Hebrews Gospel of the Ebionites Gospel of the Nazoreans 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALMANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR MATTHEW 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
Manuscript data for the GospelsPapyrusP52POxy 409P90P98TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTPOxy 2949POxy 1POxy 654POxy 655P66P46P64,67P45P69, POxy 2383Date125150ContentsA tiny fragment of the Gospel of JohnFragment of the Gospel of Peter?1752nd cent.200200200200200200200250250Fragment of the Gospel of JohnFragment of ActsFragments of the Gospel of PeterFragments of the Gospel of ThomasFragments of the Gospel of ThomasFragments of the Gospel of ThomasGospel of JohnLetters of PaulFragments of the Gospel of MatthewFour Gospels ActsFragment of Marcion’s Euangelion?SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSManuscript data for the GospelsCodexDate3C/4CContentsHebrews3C200Four Gospels and ActsLetters of Paul3C200RevelationJohnP723C3C/4CLuke 221 and 2 Peter, JudeP753CLuke, JohnP13P45TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTP46P47P66P69SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSManuscript data for the GospelsCodices of single booksTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTJohnMatthewActsLukeRomansHebrewsRevelation1 CorinthiansJamesMark16141076554311 JohnPhilippians1 ThessaloniansTitusEphesiansGalatiansPhilemon1 PeterJude111111111SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSManuscript data for the GospelsCodices of 2 booksTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTLuke, JohnMatthew, JohnMark, JohnMatthew, ActsJohn, James1 & 2 Corinthians1 & 2 ThessaloniansEphesians & 2 Thess21111111SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSManuscript data for the GospelsCodices with 3 or more booksP46 200TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTP45 3CP72 3C/4CP61 700P74 7C 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSRomans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians,Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1Thessalonians, HebrewsMatthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts1 and 2 Peter, JudeRomans, 1 Corinthians, Philippians,Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, Titus, PhilemonActs, James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1,2 & 3 John, JudeSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
Preliminary ObservationsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Matthew is attested from early 3C Equally popular as John Much more popular than Mark or Luke Sometimes circulated alongside JohnSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTLITERARY DATASCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSNarrative shapeTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTNarrative SegmentMatthewMarkLuke1Jesus’ background1:1–4:111:1–131:1–4:132Jesus teaches in Galilee4:12–9:171:14–3:194:14–7:102aJesus’ Sermon5:1–7:273Jesus’ prophetic mission9:18–12:503:19–357:11–504Jesus uses parables12:46–13:523:31–4:348:1–215Who is Jesus?13:53–18:254:35–9:508:22–9:506Jesus journeys to Judea19:1–20:3410:1–529:51–19:277Jesus at us’ last ion reports28:1–2016:1–8 (9–20)24:1–53Source: Mahlon Smith, Synoptic Gospels utlines/outlines.htmlSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSLengthSeparateTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE ayings22580182SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSRepeated ContentRepeatedMt Mk LkMt MkMk Lktriple traditionTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTMt Lkdouble 7762137 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
OmissionsOMITTED BYTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTby Lukeby Matthewby Markverses222118218scenes1885sayings17277SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSUnique MaterialsUnique to LUKEMATT LUKE“L” traditiondouble ings3813977“M” traditionTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRALPatterns of Agreement If we compare a pair of gospels at a time: Matthew & Mark and Mark & Luke as sets have aboutTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT100% more agreements than all three gospels But Matthew & Luke do not agree with each other’sorder except where they each copy Mark. suggests pivotal role for Mark in the web of relations 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL Matthew & Luke each have double the material inMark's order as each other's.TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Matthew & Luke agree in sequence only where theyalso agree with Mark. Matthew & Luke include almost 75 of the same nonMarkan sayings at different points in their gospels. Reaffirms pivotal role for Mark in the web of relations 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALQuestions of Style Mark: the least polished & most “oral” Matthew has better grammar & smoother literarytransitions between passages than Mark.TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Luke writes the most literate Greek in the NT. Yet, in reporting the same passage, Luke's wording isalmost always closer to Mark than to Matthew. While Luke's transitions between scenes & sayingsrely on more sophisticated rhetoric than Mark's they arenever the same as the transitions in Matthew. 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
Preliminary ObservationsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Matthew is one of several early Christian Gospels Matthew & Luke share a literary relationship to Mark Narrative Gospel form for all 4 NT gospels Unlike Luke, Matthew ends story with Easter Unlike Luke (1:1–4) and John (20:30–31) Matthew hasno explicit statement of purpose We need to ‘read between the lines’SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTTRACING THE SYNOPTIC RELATIONSHIPSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSA theory of Gospel compositionQ Gospel 60sMark 75TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTMatthew 85Luke(85–115)SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSAlternative theory of Gospel composition(no Q)Mark 75TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTMatthew 85Luke-Acts 85–115SCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSAnother theory of Gospel composition(Luke first)Proto-Luke 60sMark 75TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTMatthew 85Luke-Acts 120 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTREADING MATTHEW 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRALLiterary Strategies of authorTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Narrator (implied author) — almost invisible Jesus — dominates narrative and the dialogue Disciples — play a more positive role than in Mark Others — who come to Jesus for help/instruction/healing, etc Pharisees, Jewish leaders, the Jewish people —opponents of Jesus 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRALAssumed ‘ideal reader’(based on commentary by Luz, 1:15f)TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT literate—able to read/hear a lengthy story memory—capacity for intertextuality biblically literate—familiar with LXX knows history of Israel familiar with Jesus traditions (allowing Matt toabbreviate them at times) may be familiar with Mark’s story of Jesus 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALAssumed ‘ideal reader’ (cont’d)TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT participates in Christian worship accepts Jesus as Lord and supreme Torah teacher familiar with rabbinic practices but critical of them Greek was primary language ordinary church members, not leaders males some wealthy people (but wealth is criticised) 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALMatthew Among the GospelsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Matthew is a revised and enlarged edition of Mark Supplements Mark with Q Sayings Gospel materials Adds infancy narrative Expands teaching material considerably Adds (preserves original Markan?) ending Strongly Jewish ‘reading’ of Jesus Reflects tensions between church and synagogue Reflects need for internal church discipline 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
Working assumptions as we read(again, derived from commentary by Luz)TO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT GMatt tells the story of Jesus’ activity in Israel (conflictleading to schism) GMatt reflects the experience of a Jewish Christiancommunity who has failed in its mission to Israel and isnow coming to terms with a new mission to the Gentilesafter a painful separation from majority JudaismSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSWorking assumptions as we read The 5 major discourses are addressed to the readersTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTas direct instructions of the Lord to the reader and playvirtually no part in the narrative of the Gospel (whereasother discourses are “primarily valid” for theaddressees in the narrative) Matthew integrated the itinerant prophetic tradition of Qwith the story of Jesus’ activity in Mark to create a newstory for a community at a critical point in itsdevelopmentSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTONCATHEDRAL 2014 GregoryC. Jenks 2020 GREGORYC. JENKSMatthew’s special interests Since Matthew takes over so much of Mark, we mayTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUTexpect that he shares Mark’s theology. At the sametime, by seeing how Matthew redacts the Markanmaterial, we gain insight into Matthew’s particulartheological interests. Even more, we may determineMatthew’s perspective by the material that is unique tohis Gospel, the material drawn from his special source.Donald Hagner, Word commentary, lxSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSMatthew’s special interestsTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT Fulfillment: the kingdom of heaven. Christology Righteousness and discipleship (dikaiosune, dikaios) Law and grace Community (church) Eschatology Salvation historyDonald Hagner, Word commentary 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRALImagine a NT without MatthewTO APPLY PAGE STYLESRIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE LAYOUT 2014 Gregory C. Jenks 2020 GREGORY C. JENKSSCHOOLOF THEOLOGYGRAFTON CATHEDRAL
18:10–14 Parable of the Lost Sheep 19:1–12 Against Divorce 19:13–15 Jesus blesses the Children 19:16–30 Man with Money 20:17–19 Third Prediction of Death and . POxy 1 200 Fragments of the Gospel of Thomas POxy 654 200 Fragments of the Gospel of Thomas POxy 655 200 Fragments of the Gospel o
