Transcription
Arabic influence on theSpanish languageByNada Shaath
Pre- AssessmentsVocabularyThe Art of Cognates(Worksheet)
Arabic influenceArabic influence on the Spanishlanguage has been significant, due to theIslamic presence in the Iberian peninsulabetween 711 and 1492 A.D. In thislesson we will examine Arabic influenceon Spain in three areas :A. ArchitectureB. LanguageC. Music
Where are we in the world
Islamic World
Islamic world during UmmayadPeriod
Al AndalusAl-Andalus (Arabic: )اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ was the Arabicname given to the parts of the IberianPeninsula governed by Arab Muslims, atvarious times in the period between 711and 1492 (781 years).
Andalus map
Muslim occupation ofAl Andalus
Muslims influenceon SpainBesides the food crops, Muslim brought tothe Iberian Peninsula the cotton plant,which in Spanish is called algodon fromthe Arabic alqutn. They also developed thesilk industry, to make Al-Andalus one ofthe major silk manufacturing countries ofthe medieval world. The fine fabrics ofwhich Europe was to be proud in latercenturies had their origin in this land of theMoors
Islamic Influence on SpanishArchitectureIslamic architecture encompasses a wide rangeof both secular and religious styles from thefoundation of Islam to the present day,influencing the design and construction ofbuildings and structures in Islamic culture.The principal Islamic architectural types are: theMosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort.From these four types, the vocabulary of Islamicarchitecture is derived and used for buildings oflesser importance such as public baths,fountains and domestic architecture.
Islam influence on Architecture inSpain
Al Hambra PalaceAl Hamrah “meaning the red”
A building in Spain with beautiful islamic patternsmade of mosaic.
Patterns . PatternsBeautiful Islamic designs that influence thecolors of Spanish art in Spain and latin America
Look and appreciateWith a partner look at the picturesprovided to you . Try to identify theIslamic designs. Compare Islamicdesigns to the other pictures provided.
Arabic Language Influence onSpanish Language
Modern day Spanish language (also calledcastellano in Spanish) first appeared in thesmall Christian Kingdom of Castile inNorthern Spain during this period ofIslamic domination over most of theIberian peninsula. As a result, thelanguage was influenced by AndalusiArabic practically from its inception.
Arabic imprint on the language increasedas the Kingdom of Castile expanded intoMuslim lands where the Castilianlanguage had never been spoken and asarabized Christians (Mozarabs) from AlAndalus emigrated northwards duringtimes of sectarian violence, andparticularly as a result of the Almoravidconquest in the 12th century.
Arabic was used among the local elitesand local Arabic-influenced Romancedialects, known collectively as Mozarabicwere more prevalent as the vernacularlanguage. Only the kingdom of Granada,under the Nasrid dynasty was totallyarabized after many centuries of Muslimrule.
Modern Spanish is thus a mixture of OldCastilian and the Mozarabic dialects whichit absorbed. This fusion explains whySpanish has, in many cases, both Latinand Arabic derived words for the samemeaning. For example, aceituna and oliva(olive), alacrán and escorpión (scorpion),jaqueca and migraña (migraine) oralcancía and hucha (piggy bank).
The imprint of Mozarabic and Arabic isevidently more noticeable in the southerndialects of Peninsular Spanish than in thenorthern ones.
A small number of words have also beenborrowed from Moroccan Arabic both dueto geographic proximity, but principally asa result of Spain's protectorate overSpanish Morocco in the 19th and 20thcenturies
Lexical influenceA majority of these are nouns, with a morelimited number of verbs, adjectives, adverbs andprepositions, thus not substantially changing thegrammar or basic structure of the language. Theexact number of words of Arabic origin inSpanish is not known and many words notincluded on this list are regionalisms: wordswhich are used in certain parts of Spain and/orLatin America but are generally unknownelsewhere
Suffix iThe suffix í. Arabic has a very common type of adjective,known as the nisba or relationship adjective, which isformed by adding the suffix -ī (masc.) o ﻳﺔ -iyya (fem.) toa noun. This has given Spanish the suffix -í (both masc.and fem.), creating adjectives from nouns which indicaterelationship or belonging. Examples are Marbellí, Ceutí,Maghrebí, Zaragocí, Andalusí or Alfonsí.
NisbaEgypt MasrArabMaxeekIngleesFrancaAmricaBalad Masri Arabi Maxeek(?) Masr iyyaArabiyyaMaxeek (?)
With a friend try to do these inArabic ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺮي ﻣﺼﺮ إﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﺑﻠﺪ
ExpressionA number of expressions such as "¡Ole!"(sometimes spelled "olé" ), from wa'llah, or ojalá,from inch'allah, have been borrowed directly fromArabic. Furthermore, many expressions inSpanish might have been translated or adaptedfrom their Arabic equivalent. In Old Spanish, algocould mean 'wealth, property'. The formalpronoun usted may also have Arabic influence;while it is derived from Vuestra merced, ithappens to be pronounced the same way as theArabic word ustādh 'professor'/'doctor'.
PhoneticsAlthough the phonetic influence of Arabicon standard peninsular Spanish isconsidered to be negligible, Arabicinfluence is thought to have influenced thephonetics of the Andalusian dialect ofSpanish (and indirectly certain LatinAmerican dialects). For example, the useof the fricative H, or the substitution of thesh for the ch sound is considered to be aresult of contact with Arabic.
Arabic Influence on SpanishMusicFlamenco music was born, and still lives, among thescenic green hills of Andalusia in southern SpainThe Arab roots of flamenco run deep. Though somescholars believe the word flamenco means “Flemish,”others think it is a corruption of the colloquial Arabicfelag mangu, meaning “fugitive peasant” and derivedfrom a root meaning “to flee.” The term came into use inthe 14th century, and was first applied to the AndalusianGypsies themselves, who were called either gitanos orflamencos.
Test your knowledgeWhat did you learn?1. What three Arabic influences wediscussed today?2. Write down 5 Spanish words that are ofArabic origin.3. The closest country to SpainGeographically is (Morocco, Lebanon,Iraq)4. What is the meaning of professor inArabic?
Spanish language By Nada Shaath. Pre- Assessments Vocabulary The Art of Cognates (Worksheet) Arabic influence Arabic influence on the Spanish language has been significant, due to the Islamic presence i
